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EN
Based on a sample of comments gleaned from the Onet.pl portal, the author discusses positive and negative evaluations (axiological charge) found in internet language, and she examines some of the language devices used in such evaluations. In internet comments, it is definitely negative evaluation that prevails, and the positive evaluation of a single object creates only a background for a negative object. Samples which encode aggression and insults can also be found in the data. In the material under inspection, Internet users mploy all sorts of language devices used in an evaluative function; most of them are illustrative of economic, social and ethical values. Along with these values, emotions are also frequently expressed. Internet users resort to all sorts of language devices to signal evaluative functions, a number of them are marked and illustrate a colloquial style.
EN
Based on a sample of comments gleaned from the Onet.pl portal, the author discusses positive and negative evaluations (axiological charge) found in internet language, and she examines some of the language devices used in such evaluations. In internet comments, it is definitely negative evaluation that prevails, and the positive evaluation of a single object creates only a background for a negative object. Samples which encode aggression and insults can also be found in the data. In the material under inspection, Internet users mploy all sorts of language devices used in an evaluative function; most of them are illustrative of economic, social and ethical values. Along with these values, emotions are also frequently expressed. Internet users resort to all sorts of language devices to signal evaluative functions, a number of them are marked and illustrate a colloquial style.
EN
The article presents an interesting linguistic phenomenon from the Bulgarian internet area. The comments under articles, which subjects are Bulgarian political ethnic parties as well as political events in Turkey, contain increased number of words of Turkish origin. They can be classifi ed in several subject groups. Not only lexical means are observed but also word-formation means, such as suffi x -оглу (Биневоглу). The users also are authors of diff erent kind of linguistic innovations, such as phrase innovation (бял кахър – баш кара кахър) or proverbial innovation (Който плаща гранта, той поръчва кючека).
EN
The article focuses on the analysis of social reactions that manifest themselves in the form of comments of Internet users regarding mothers who killed their children. The aim of the study was an attempt to create a typology of Internet users judging a “killer mother”. The analysis includes anonymous Internet users who posted comments under the articles of two portals: Wp.pl (”Wirtualna Polska”) and Onet.pl (”Onet”). Comments on three selected cases of murders of minors in Poland over the decade (2003-2013) were submitted.
PL
This article analyses the way Ukrainian politicians express themselves, which is different from the general principles of rhetoric: comments often contain verbal aggression towards the opponent. By analyzing Ukrainian political discourse I managed to track the imprudence fond in the formulation of comments for different reasons – an inability to report or inability to control emotions, as well as a direct and deliberate strategy of applying all possible means of modeling verbal aggression, especially the use of invectives. The postulates of the author are confi rmed by illustrative material – examples of statements made by Ukrainian politicians from different parties and groups, selected from the transcripts of the Supreme Council of Ukraine (Verkhovna Rada) from the year 2013.
EN
This study examines the phenomenon of social media segments functioning, focused on the presence of high-quality author’s visual content in publications. It is the originality of the visual accompaniment of posts that becomes the basis for the popularity of the resource. It sets such a trend as the autonomous power of images in communication and giving a chance for the development of “pictorial” information exchange. The study analyzed the publication of the Russian popular science community “Educator” (“Ovrazovach”) on the social network “VK”. The main findings of the study is: 1) there is an autonomy of images and their independency in the process of creating interest to resource for audience; 2) the analysis of comments reveals a reduction of the content side of the popular science public; 3) user comments show the preservation of a high percentage of text messages, but this comments are related the picture, not on a scientific event. The authors believe that the phenomenon of autonomization of original images requires a detailed analysis on a wider number of examples.
EN
The goal of this article is to comment on the fragments of Aleksander Pieńkowski’s autobiography concerning his stay in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. Pieńkowski, a shopkeeper in a Polish village, was one of the Polish citizens in areas of Poland annexed by the Soviets after 17 September 1939, who were arrested, investigated, tortured by KGB and deported in 1940 to labour camps in northern Russia. After the amnesty for the Polish deportees in 1941, he was allowed to leave his labour camp in Pechora and go to Uzbekistan to be recruited into the Polish Army. Since the southern Soviet Republics of the USSR were not prepared to deal with the great waves of Poles and Polish Jews arriving in Central Asia, he spent some time at various railway stations in Uzbekistan and was sent to southern Kazakhstan where he worked in a co-operative farm, but mostly served local Kazakhs, before he could finally cross the Soviet-Iranian border in 1942.
PL
Dzieci i młodzież należą do kultury wzorokocentrycznej. Oznacza to, że oddziałują na nie przede wszystkim bodźce wzrokowe. Źródłem takich elementów jest przede wszystkim Internet, tam też można znaleźć memy internetowe. Pojęcie memu interpretowane jest w zależności od dziedziny, w której mem występuje. Mem jest to jednostka informacji kulturowej. Obecnie memy internetowe spełniają rolę „komentarzy” do zjawisk społeczno-polityczno-obyczajowych, tworzone są zaś głównie przez młodych ludzi. Artykuł pokazuje wartość memów jako narzędzi edukacyjnych na lekcjach filozofii i etyki. Memy mogą być zarówno pretekstem do dyskusji nad określonym zagadaniem, jak i wprowadzeniem do omawianego tematu podczas lekcji. Mogą też posłużyć jako inicjator wypowiedzenia własnego zdania przez uczniów.
EN
Children and young people are part of visual culture - they are influenced mainly by audiovisual stimuli such as memes found throughout the internet. The main source of them is the Internet, where memes can be found. Memes can be simple graphics with short statements, concisely summarizing a problem usually in an amusing way. The term “meme” is defined differently in various fields of research, where it is used. Presently, internet memes (created mainly by young people) comment on social and political issues. We can incorporate memes as education tools in philosophy and ethics classes and use them as encouragement for students to share their opinions.
EN
Due to the subsequent isolation caused by the coronavirus pandemic, social media has become a key element in promoting social activity and civic engagement. The purpose of the article is to present a review and analysis of profiles in social media of public figures who were involved in the fight against the virus during a pandemic in Poland. The choice of profiles was made on the basis of the popularity of fanpages in social media. The presentation contains fanpages in social media. The presentation contains an analysis of the results of quantitative and qualitative research on Facebook: Robert Lewandowski, Ewa Chodakowska and Agnieszka Radwańska. In the article, the author attempts to answer the question: Do recipients who observe a given fanpage receive social activity of their idol positively? Will pandemic posts be more commented on, liked by recipients than posts from everyday life, if so why? What social campaigns are published most often? 
PL
W związku z nastałą izolacją spowodowaną pandemią koronawirusa media społecznościowe stały się kluczowym elementem w promowaniu aktywności społecznej i zaangażowania obywatelskiego. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie przeglądu i analizy profili w mediach społecznościowych osób publicznych, które angażowały się w walkę z wirusem w czasie trwania pandemii w Polsce. Wybór został dokonany na podstawie popularności polskich profili sportowców w mediach społecznościowych. Prezentacja zawiera analizę wyników badań ilościowych oraz jakościowych profili na Facebooku: Roberta Lewandowskiego, Ewy Chodakowskiej oraz Agnieszki Radwańskiej. W artykule autorka podejmuje próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie: Czy odbiorcy, którzy obserwują dany fanpage odbierają aktywności społeczne swojego idola pozytywnie? Czy posty dotyczące pandemii będą bardziej komentowane, lajkowane przez odbiorców niż posty z życia codziennego, a jeśli tak, to dlaczego? Jakie akcje społeczne są publikowane najczęściej? 
PL
W marcu 2020 roku większość zawodów sportowych na świecie została zawieszona z powodu pandemii COVID-19. W tej sytuacji zapotrzebowanie kibiców na informacje o najlepszych sportowcach nie mogło być w pełni zaspokojone w sposób tradycyjny, czego wynikiem był wzrost popularności mediów społecznościowych. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja czynników wpływających na zaangażowanie fanów sportu w mediach społecznościowych, bazując na przykładzie Instagrama. Jako wskaźniki uwzględniono liczbę polubień i komentarzy, a także liczbę polubieni i komentarzy podzieloną przez liczbę followersów (właściwe wskaźniki zaangażowania). Wyniki przeprowadzonego badania pokazują jakie typy postów generowały największe zaangażowanie.
EN
In March 2020, most sports competitions in the world were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Fan demand for information about top athletes could not be fully satisfied traditionally, that is why social media have grown in popularity. This article aims to identify the factors that affect the engagement of sports fans on social media and is based on the example of Instagram. The number of likes, comments as well as the number of likes and comments divided by the number of followers (appropriate engagement rates), were taken into account as engagement indicators. The results clearly show what types of posts generated the most engagement.
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