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EN
The article analyses the fate of the poetry of Anna Akhmatova in the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic. Obviously, Akhmatova was considered as a ‘political’ author in both German states in a different way. Her Rekviem, unpublished in the Soviet Union till the Perestroika, was available in translations of Mary von Holbeck (1964) and Hans Baumann (1966) in Western Germany. Thus, in the FRG, the Rekviem was recognized as a poetic memorial against the crimes of totalitarism. In the GDR it was translated by Martin Remané and published in the literary magazine Sinn und Form only 25 years later when the centenary of Akhmatova’s birth coincided with the crisis of communism (1989). In Eastern Germany the Poėma bez geroja was perceived as the author‘s clear rejection of the way into emigration. Despite these differences, the detailed analysis of two of Akhmatova poems (both of them dedicated to the themes of lament and memory), and their various German translations proves the devotion of both the Western and Eastern German translators to aesthetical aspects of poetry and to their own poetic style, independent of political conditions.
EN
The paper covers theoretical, culture-related basic research on the comparative analysis of the theory of visual arts and the literary theory. It focuses on the anthropological and cultural analysis of the contemporary phenomenon of mutual penetration of arts. The purpose of the research is to gain knowledge on the social and cultural transformations on the basis of an analysis of a discourse in the photographic and literary attempts. The hybrid (photography and literature) will be the research material in this project. The thorough consideration of the relations between photographic images and text, and their structural dependencies, has not been done yet. The assessment of the social aspect of the changes – the impact of the hegemony of an image on the model of perceiving and on the cultural representation – has also been omitted. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, the acquisition of knowledge on the two phenomena which shape the contemporary model of culture in the perspective of historical changes. Both literature and photography are currently and historically the basic models of representation, which also record the changes in the perception of the world. The present transformation of the relation between the analysed fields has not yet been properly and innovatively described.
EN
The article concerns the results of transferring debut novel of Dorota Masłowska to silver screen, the novel which, as could be assumed, cannot be transferred successfully. The language of the book’s narrator influences strongly on the shape of the world created in the book, the story is filled with surrealistic visions, the characters are tangled in (linguistic) reality, ideologies (xenophobia and cosmopolitanism, radical ecology and “civilization of death”, liberalism and conservatism) and cultural clichés. The movie of Xawery Żuławski conducts – in my opinion – a fine adaptation, translating elements of the linguistic style into film style, and using for it such components as dialogues, acting, ways of deforming film world with specific formal endeavors as well as emphasizing fictional character of diegesis by introducing a character of Dorota Masłowska (played by her own) in the process of writing the very book and confronted directly with the invented characters.
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Questions of Comparison

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EN
The convergence, especially in the last two decades, of translation studies and comparative literature is a phenomenon that brings together two disciplines with troubled histories. Although both are in fact much older disciplines, a fuller recognition of their importance (at least in the context of the American academia) is a matter of the last couple of decades. The last two decades also saw a heated discussion over the state of comparative literature as a discipline: with a great sense of ethical urgency, scholars of comparative literature in the American academia, influenced to a large part by postcolonial studies, have sparked a debate which renewed interest in world literature and gave rise to attempts at re-envisioning the study of literature.
EN
This essay sketches in broad outline the literary work of the German-language author Zsuzsanna Gahse, which is characterized by a variety of linguistic and formal experiments, particular attention being paid to her activity as a translator of Hungarian literature. At the centre of the discussion is Gahse’s literary portrait Translated. A Disunity, in which she reflects on writing and translating, but also takes as a theme her ‘disunity’ between literature and the graphic arts. Gahse found a way out of this ‘disunity’ by blurring the distinctions between different languages, media, genres and cultures in her works, by mediating in various ways between them and by ‘transferring’ them, for translating – as she always emphasizes – means very much more than simply mediating between two languages.
EN
The theme of suffering female characters has been the interest of both the drama and the novel of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Among those who are interested in the matter are the Noble Prize winners Arthur Miller and Naguib Mahfouz in Death of a Salesman (1949) and Palace Walk (1956). Both of Miller’s Linda and Mahfouz’s Amina have greatly suffered at the hands of their tyrannical husbands Willy Loman and Al- Sayyid Ahmad Abd-Elguaad respectively. The main aim of this paper is to study the sources, forms, and consequences of the sufferings of both Miller’s Linda and Mahfouz’s Amina, and to place their sufferings against the current beliefs of the age in which they lived. The reason behind choosing these two characters is that they look like each other in many ways. First, they are reliable, trusted wives and mothers who are dedicated to the welfare of their families. Second, they face the same inherently patriarchal cultures and suffer the same misogyny. Third, they are different from other tragic wives like Shakespeare's Desdemona, who are created to meet Aristotle's tragic requirements.
EN
The subject of the paper is the relation between the film Young Goethe in Love (2010), directed by Philipp Stölz, and the epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther. The paper is centered on the plot of the film as an adaptation of the novel; yet, the author of the paper also points out some relevant incidents from the life of the writer, as well as makes remarks with respect to certain changes aiming at disambiguation or specification, which were introduced due to specific requirements of the audio-visual medium. Moreover, the author of the paper strives to reconstruct the image of Goethe as created by the film-makers.
EN
The characters who cannot speak constitute a blank in the acoustic image of narration conceived as a significant structure. In Delibes’s novel The Innocent Saints one of the characters compares the letter H with his daughter Charito, disabled girl who cannot speak. In our comparative analysis we focus our attention on this association between a graphic sign and a disabled human being. We would like to collate two supporting characters of the novels which are set in the rural world, that is to say, Charito from Miguel Delibes’s The Innocent Saints and Michał Pietruszka from Wiesław Myśliwski’s Stone upon stone. The comparison is aimed to highlight the function of these who are condemned to the others’ word within the narrated universe.
EN
This paper has two aims: on the one hand, to compare Joan Oliver’s Bestiari with works such as Bestiaire ou cortège d’Orphée by Guillaume Apollinaire (1911), “Bestiario” by Ramón del Valle-Inclán (in La Pipa de Kif, 1919), The animaux et leurs hommes. The hommes et leurs animaux by Paul Éluard (1920) and, above all, Histoires naturelles by Jules Renard (1896), in search of possible influences and coincidences. The other aim is to classify and analyze the poems in order to clarify the intention with which Oliver wrote the Bestiari and to relate it to the didactic and moral purpose of medieval Bestiaries and ancient Fables.
EN
The article Autoreferentiality in Two European Fairy Tailes: Charles Perrault’s “Donkeyskin” and “On a Fool who Married a Princess and Became a King” offers a critical introduction to Charles Perrault’s Donkeyskin fairy tale, published for the first time in Polish in this very issue of “Creatio Fantastica” journal, as well as a comparative analysis of French and Polish editions of the aforementioned work along with a lesser known Polish one, entitled On a Fool who Married a Princess and Became a King. Anne-Marie Monluçon uses those texts as an exemple of the use of the “text-within-a-text” or “story-within-a-story” (mise en abyme) narrative device and proceeds with an in-depth interpretation and close reading of the fairy tales in order to explore their autoreferentiality. Finally, the author focuses on how Charles Perrault succeded in finding a “middle voice” between the literary fairy tale and a folk one—and, at the same time, how autoreferentiality and mise en abyme may be successfully utilized in both genres, challenging the way one may want to draw differences between literature performed for the courtly joy of the highborns and on the backyard for the common folk.
EN
Liberature is a concept operating in literary studies only recently. One of the Latin meanings of the word liber relates to the book not only as a carrier of a text, but also as a material object involved in the transmission of literature. This article is an attempt to organize the issue of liberature in today’s literary reflection. Its aim is to develop a typology of different artistic and literary forms connected with the flow of liberature, but also to offer a broad perspective on the phenomenon in historical terms. Within the typology several cases can be distinguished, namely realization of text, which emphasizes in particular the visual elements (pictures, drawings etc.), spatial dimension, materiality (liberature versus art books), artistic and literary collages, books in boxes, text installation, and finally the songs included in the e-liberature. The examples discussed in the article prove that the idea of the proximity of literature and art, put forward by the Greek poet Simonides of Ceos, confirmed later by Horace, has been always accompanied by authors and is also continued today.
EN
The theoretician Adrian Marino has tried to offer a real theory which should explain the entire system of comparative literature. The author aimed to articulate a genuine poetics in order to revigorate this research field. Therefore, Adrian Marino becomes the promoter of the idea of Weltliteratur and proposes a new theoretical concept, that of literary invariant, meant to lend a fresh analytical perspective to comparative literature. The author strongly believes that the hermeneutic perspective can facilitate a more appropriate interpretation of this field / system, both as a homogeneous whole and as a sum of the component parts, choosing to emphasize the congruent aspects of the world’s literatures instead of the divergent ones.
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EN
Many questions arise in the understanding of texts produced in different locales within the bigger ambit of world literature. It is here that the need arises to apply various modes of enquiry in understanding them. Comparative literature can become a common platform for understanding different cultures and literatures. The present paper is a modest attempt to introduce the concept of comparative literature to a fresh learner and then to evaluate literatures from two different contexts (Dalit and African American) together for practical purposes. A model is proposed for discussing comparative literature in the classroom. Thus, the paper becomes authentic and unique research, bringing theory and practice together.
EN
The short review concerns the monograph “Introduction into Translation Culture”, by Maria Krysztofiak, the remarkable scientist from the University of Poznań in the field of Translation Studies. The monograph analyses problems and development of this field of research with a special focus on the Polish centres of research, the main issues connected with the terms culture, culture code, aesthetics of a translation, creativity, conventions, intertextuality and its influence on the translation process. Krysztofiak proposes a new term ‘translation culture’ which is claimed to be founded on philosophy of culture and which includes also a didactic aspect, creation of cultural awareness concerning cultural uniqueness and intercultural differences. This is the most reliable way to prevent the ‘communication disaster’.
EN
Murat Özyaşar (born in 1979) is one of the most promising names in contemporary Turkish literature. He has published two collections of short stories, honoured with prestigious awards. This article focuses on his exquisite short story Kalan (The Rest) from the 2015 collection entitled Sarı Kahkaha (Yellow Laughter). The story of a girl, who wants to uncover her grandmother’s secret related to the death of her husband, is hidden behind a postmodern narrative – her search resembles a mystery to be solved. The girl finally learns the painful truth, although nothing is stated explicitly and only a reader familiar with the history of the Kurdish nation will find references to the Dersim rebellion in 1937–38. Sarı Kahkaha has been translated into French, Czech, Kurdish and Persian, as well as some stories into English, German and Italian too, and is expected to be published in several Balkan countries. The tremendous interest shown by foreign readers arises a question about the necessity and the feasibility of making a comparative reading of this text. This article is an attempt to analyse the story Kalan and reflect on the borders of literary universality.
EN
In 1947, after the conclusion of the Resistance movement, the Italian writer Luigi Meneghello emigrated to England. At first, the English environment proved to be harsh, as he would admit years later in his autobiographical work, Il dispatrio (1993). It was a journey of initiation and break-up at the same time. Focusing on Il dispatrio, this essay aims to analyse the geographies of boundary, paying a particular attention on how the social and linguistic differences between Italy and England are filtered and expressed through a peculiar syntax of the space. All this leads to the possibility of reading Meneghello’s work as a crossing narration, by which writing attempts at mapping the movement of the protagonist from the margin to the centre.
EN
The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 60 (2012), issue 1. This essay proposes a synthesis of the major themes and issues of Polish Dantism, with a particular reference to the 20th century and beyond. The author retraces the traditional motifs which connect 20th-century authors to the Romantic tradition, and discusses some examples (Gombrowicz, Vincenz, Miłosz) in a broader comparative context (referring specifically to Eliot, Mandelstam, Brodsky). The author argues that the Modernist ethical idea of “necessary Dante” tends to be gradually replaced by a Postmodernist notion of “aesthetic Dante,” with a flowering of new translations—not only of the Divina Commedia. These works restore a balance between Polish literary Dantism and Dante studies. In this sense, the Polish situation displays a lot of similarity to the European and international context, abundant with trends and concerns which go far beyond those of a national language and literature.
EN
The article proposes a revaluation of the category of “Translation” and “Retranslation” from the perspective of the translatological culture code. On the basis of Præludier, a novel about Frédéric Chopin written by Peer Hultberg, the author illustrates why and how the process of translating cultural phenomena can be coded by a writerat different levels of the original language. The target text, a traditional translation, becomes in such a case an aesthetic Retranslation. The other example presents different ways in which the translation process is no longer coded at the level of language, buta universal myth, which is adapted to the consciousness and mentality of the recipients, such as those of a play “Antigone in New York”, written by Janusz Głowacki. In this case, the category of traditional translation is scarcely based on the original language of the text. The play itself is a translation of the Antigone myth and the following language versions illustrate a Retranslation at the level of the myth’s transcultural appeal.
DE
Der Artikel enthält das Abstract ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.
EN
There is a sizeable body of scholarship concerning the ekphrastic relation of literature to painting – however, there has been ascending interest in other sources of inspiration, such as photography. The aim of this paper is to explore whether the categories used to analyse ekphraseis of paintings might apply to the ekphraseis inspired by photography in Sara Baume’s A Line Made by Walking (2017), considering that they provide insightful information regarding the creative process of the protagonist and her inner state. The notion of ekphrasis (Clüver, Vieira, Webb) and theories of photography (Barthes, Machado, Sontag) will be used as theoretical support.
FR
L'article contient uniquement le résumé en anglais.
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