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1
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Neologism construction in Amharic by compounding various parts of speech

100%
Kozicki M.
Studies in African Languages and Cultures
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2017
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issue 51
53-68
EN
The Amharic language is the second most widely spoken Semitic language in the world, used by around 25 million speakers. Even though the Amharic language is successfully used in many domains, it still needs appropriate neologisms to give name to notions typical for Western European culture which increasingly influences not only the language but also the culture of Ethiopia. Even though loanwords from European languages were ubiquitous in Amharic for many decades, in recent years the lexicon of the extinct Geʿez language is partially used to coin a number of neologisms by means of metaphors or different juxtaposed parts of speech. In the beginning, the compounds in the form of the Amharic and Geʿez construct state (status constructus) are discussed; this is followed by an analysis of adjective-noun compounds, constructions with the nouns derived from verbs and verb and noun compounds. In the next part of the article the compounds with Geʿez prefixes are considered. The analysis of hybridised compounds and loan translations is the final point of the paper.
2
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Nomina instrumenti blandt komposita i dansk og deres polske ækvivalenter

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Szubert A.
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia
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2015
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vol. 17
35-47
EN
The article is an attempt at analyzing Danish nomina instrumenti among compounds and finding patterns of equivalence in Polish. The analysis of the collected corpus has shown that the Polish equivalents of the Danish compounds are not compounds but, with the exception of a minor group of derivates, they have the form of phrases. The analysis has shown patterns of regular Polish structures corresponding to the Danish compounds.
3

Vom Vital-Macher zum Frische-Flirt. Strukturtypen der werbetauglichen deutschen Komposita und deren polnischer Entsprechungen

100%
Golonka J.
Germanica Wratislaviensia
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2011
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vol. 134
117-129
EN
Values are the most important aspect of any advertising message. Compounds (both nouns and adjectives) are a very effective means to express values (related to the advantages of a product). This, however, pertains only with respect to the German language. Therefore, the investigation starts with German structural patterns that are to be found in compounds in German commercials. In Polish advertising compounds are much rarer, so only a few Polish examples will be given for each pattern.
4
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English–French contrasts in word-formation. Morphological patterns and stylistic effects

100%
Paillard M.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2011
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vol. 47
913
EN
Starting from the observation that word-formation has received renewed attention in linguistics but remains marginal in the field of contrastive linguistics, the aim of this article is twofold: (a) to provide an overview and a reassessment of outstanding contrasts between English and French in lexical morphology: the productivity of compounding and conversion in English; the existence of and the constraints on conversion in French; the place of Romance and neo-classical compounds; the development of N+N compounds in contemporary French; (b) to show that basic morpho-syntactic differences in lexical structure are ultimately responsible for some of the semantic and stylistic effects observed in translation studies, with special attention to the link between compounds and metonymy in English and their translatability into French.
5

Semantyka duńskich formacji słowotwórczych z przyimkami mellem, over i under w świetle lingwistyki kulturowej

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Jarosz J.
Studia Linguistica
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2014
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issue 33
61 - 76
EN
The subject of the analysis in this article are Danish word formations with the prepositions mellem ‘between’, over ‘above’ and under ‘under’, considered from the point of view of cultural linguistics. The forms studied represent a productive word formation model, therefore they include numerous semantic categories, and prepositions which constitute an element defining compounds show more semantic functions than the prepositional phrases generated by them. Semantic characteristics have allowed the following facts to be established. There are differences in the way and scope of perceiving reality and in its linguistic expression between the Danish and the Polish languages: compounds with mellem refer to those fragments of reality which are not linguistically expressed by the Polish language. Tokens with the prepositions over and under clearly show an anthropocentric nature, which is confirmed additionally by the deictic nature of some forms. Compounds with all prepositions perform transposition of spatial relations into abstract relations thanks to which they acquire a new function, that of assessing and evaluating exponents. The word formations discussed summa summarum result in a different, more detailed image of reality than in the Polish language.
6
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Kognitywna interpretacja najnowszych złożeń z powtarzalnym w serii wyrazów członem związanym (na przykładach z języka polskiego i bułgarskiego)

100%
Długosz N.
Slavia Meridionalis
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2013
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vol. 13
EN
Cognitive interpretation of newest compounds with a bound component repetitive in a series of words (on the examples from Polish and Bulgarian languages)In this article I have made an attempt to show selected cognitive aspects of newest compounds with a bound component repetitive in a series of words, on the example of nearly a dozen expressions from Polish and Bulgarian languages. I have reflected on a problem whether all compounds of such type are entitled to a status of a language unit and I have stated that only few compound structures with a high degree of establishment in the consciousness of language users have such status. I have also pointed out the usefulness of cognitive methods of interpretation of meaning of a word type under discussion. I think an approach especially worth using is encyclopedic semantics, taking into consideration all domains of knowledge and experience, as well as presentation of the conceptualizer’s perspective, allowing, among others, to interpret the profiled opinion, sometimes included in the very formation of a word, or otherwise, updating itself in a specific context.
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The similarities and differences of four neglected lexical categories: English [VerN]Nand [VingN]N, and French [NVveur]Nand [NVant]Nunits

88%
Arnaud P. J. L.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2011
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vol. 47
884
EN
Two categories of English lexical units, [VerN]N (howler monkey) and “subjective” (i.e. including a subject–verb relation) [VingN]N (revolving door), and two French ones, [NVeur]N (singe hurleur) and [NVant]N (porte tournante) are examined as a group with regard to their similarities. Beside the fact that they have been largely ignored by previous research, they are all endocentric units with a nominal head and a deverbal modifier, in which the head noun is interpretable as the subject of the verb underlying the modifier. In addition, the suffixes are in 2 × 2 correspondence between the two languages. The characteristics of each of the four categories are reviewed, including non-prototypical members, stress when applicable, and the variety of semantic roles underlying the subjective relation. The semantic differences between the two categories in each language are investigated. The final section contains a discussion of the grammatical (morpholog-ical or syntactic) status of the categories.
8
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An Integral Linguistic View on the Lexical Integrity Principle and its Exceptions: A Case Study of Japanese Phrasal Compounds

88%
Ikarashi K., Naya R.
Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies
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2021
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vol. 15 (Semanticity, Alterity, Creativity: Building on Eugenio Coseriu’s Legacy (I))
67-103
EN
Japanese has the Lexical Integrity Principle (LIP) in its system, making it impossible for syntax to get into the intra structure of morphological elements like compounds: hence, instances like *[taihenkookyuu]-hoteru ([very high.class]-hotel), where the bracketed syntactic phrase causes incorrectness. Nevertheless, we observe compounds called phrasal compounds which violate the LIP. Although such compounds have been noticed in some studies, they have not been analyzed comprehensively. Eugenio Coseriu‘s theory, by contrast, enables us to reveal the nature of phrasal compounds. Based on his integral linguistic theory, this paper demonstrates that phrasal compounds in Japanese can be classified into two distinct types. The first type is part of the speaker‘s idiomatic knowledge. Specifically, it resides in the norm of Japanese, and succeeds in evading the exclusion by the LIP. The second type is judged as being incorrect at the historical level due to the LIP, but a contextual motivation at the individual level suspends such incorrectness, making it appropriate.
9
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Złożenia w rosyjskim slangu młodzieżowym

75%
Kubecka K.
Studia Rossica Posnaniensia
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2018
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issue 43
155-166
RU
The article is devoted to compounds in Russian youth slang. The author proves that young people treat compounds as a basis for creative modifications and play with words by combining various parts of speech, different styles, languages in one in order to create humorous formations.
10
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The range and beauty of internal reconstruction: probing Hausa linguistic history

75%
Newman P.
Studies in African Languages and Cultures
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2014
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issue 48
13-31
EN
Using examples from Hausa, this paper demonstrates the probative value of Internal Reconstruction (IR) as a method for unearthing linguistic history. Five developments in the history of Hausa discovered by means of IR are described. These are Klingenheben’s Law; two previously unrecognized diphthongs, *iu and *ui; the emergence of the phoneme /h/ from a phonetic feature of word onset; vowel lowering resulting in asymmetry in plural formation; and the preservation of an archaic third person singular masculine pronoun *ni in fixed compounds.
11
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On the new type of compounds in contemporary Polish

75%
Sojda S.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
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2022
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issue LXXI
12
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The Old Church Slavonic Version of Epiphanius of Salamis’ Panarion in the Ephraim Kormchaya (the 12TH Century)

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Lekova T.
Studia Ceranea
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2019
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vol. 9
39-57
EN
The Panarion treatise is a dogmatic and polemical writing that earned Epiphanius his well-deserved reputation of a zealous defender of the Orthodox faith and a “hunter of heresies”. Its list of heresies was translated into Church Slavonic during the 1st Bulgarian Empire at the time of tsar Symeon and quickly spread throughout the Slavic-Orthodox world. It is a part of the oldest Slavonic version of Syntagma of XIV titles without any commentary (Syntagma XIV titulorum sine scholiis), called Efremovskaya Kormchaya. It is a monumental compendium of the centenary heresiological literature, and is the most complete treatise on heresies that the age of the Fathers left us. The paper presents a description of the three books and seven volumes of the Panarion with a list of eighty heresies, sects and schisms – twenty heresies before the incarnation of Christ and sixty of Christian times. Within the work attributed to Epiphanius, a chapter of the Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret of Cyrus and two other chapters of the theological-philosophical work Arbiter or Umpire by Joannes Philoponus have been identified. A number of 103 heresies was revealed, all of them ascribed to Epiphanius. It is presented as a preliminary study of 140 terms used by an anonymous Slavic translator. To the various lexemes, two different criteria have been applied: grammatical and semantic. The research determines 15 ethnonyms and eponyms, 60 anthroponyms formed on the names of the heresiarchs, 30 calques from Greek and 35 compounds. Among the latter, two distinct groups have been distinguished: structural calques, exactly corresponding to the Greek models, and “neologisms”, formally independent of the Greek formations. Adaptation to the original Bulgarian linguistic system was achieved by the translator (or the editor) by using interpretative supplements, i.e. glosses. It is assumed that the translator’s primary objective was to remain as faithful as possible to the Greek original. It turns out that the translator showed excellent knowledge of the comple XGreek models of word formation and exceptional skills in adapting them to the Palaeoslavic linguistic system. The compound lexemes were created for stylistic reasons and are a result of a specific translation technique.
13
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Is a Step through the Door a Way to Take a Doorstep? A Psycholinguistic Study on Polish Compound Words

75%
Hwaszcz K.
Anglica Wratislaviensia
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2018
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issue 56
205 - 230
EN
The present study concentrates on the organization of the mental lexicon with regard to semantic transparency in the representation of Polish compounds. Its aim was to test current approaches to the processing of morphologically complex words in a lexical decision experiment with the use of visually presented Polish compound and simple words. The existing psycholinguistic approaches centre around the same question: are complex words parsed into their constituent parts or are they stored as full-word representations in the human mental lexicon? I referred to five widely acknowledged models of morphological processing to account for the outcomes of the present study. The data reveal that: (i) transparent compounds primed by words semantically related to the heads of these transparent compounds elicited faster response times than opaque compounds within the same condition; and (ii) priming speeds up the processing for both transparent and opaque compounds. The results indicate that the processing of Polish compound words is influenced by semantic transparency and that both transparent and opaque compounds are decomposed into their constituents prior to lexical access.
14
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Włoskie złożenia nominalne typu V+N – problemy tłumaczenia na język polski

63%
Putka I.
Forum Lingwistyczne
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2018
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issue 5
85-93
EN
The focus of the article is on the structural and semantic analysis of Italian V+N compounds and on their translation into Polish. These structures indicate the agents, objects, containers, notions and phenomena. In Polish, they resemble the Italian formations in terms of structure and derivation or they show regularity in translation accoring to Polish derivational norms. The Polish equivalents manifest themselves as regular deverbal or denominal derivatives with a suffix or as periphrastic expressions. In the case of some new compounds of that type, created on the basis of linguistic competence and existing models, it is not always easy to find an equivalent, despite functional rules of word formation. Semantic restrictions and cultural differences are often the reason for their untranslatability.
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Die Rolle der Konfixe in der modernen deutschen Wortbildung

63%
Dargiewicz A.
Prace Językoznawcze
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2012
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issue 14
63-77
EN
For more than twenty years now, confix has been a topic of great interest for linguists and it has become an indispensable part of the current research devoted to word formation with foreign elements. However, there are still contentious issues related to the problem of confixes that require more academic research and explanations. Contemporary linguists hold debates concerning the confix, its precise definition, classification and ways of distinguishing it from other word-forming formants. Confix plays a very important role in the contemporary German language. Nowadays, only foreign confixes are productive. They form new units of meaning as a result of being combined with native word-forming affixes and elements of compounds. Foreign confixes are also important from the point of view of communication, namely, they are productive in many languages. Additionally, the same formants are used in many languages, for example the formant -phob-, and this phenomenon certainly facilitates international communication. Julia Trunkwalter (cf. 2009: 300) believes that the term “confix” should be included in lexicons and dictionaries and considers it necessary to popularize the word outside scholarly circles, because foreign elements in the German word formation system are of great significance not only for linguists and non-scholars interested in language, but also for German language learners. The confix-related research belongs to the area of the latest German word formation scholarship and the steady influx of new ideas concerning confixes proves that language is constantly evolving, always demanding active interest from its users.
16
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Sammansättningar i Språkrådets nyordslistor: produktivitet och förståelighet

63%
Kołaczek N.
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia
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2015
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vol. 17
4-18
EN
Compounding seems to be the most productive word formation process in Swedish on the basis of “new words’ lists” (Swedish: nyordslistor) registered by the Language Council of Sweden (Svenska Språkrådet). The subject of the research was the productiveness of compounds and their comprehensibility for the native speakers. The material for the corpus analysis showing the productivity of compounds consisted of 353 compound words from the lists from years 2000 – 2012. With help of a survey where pupils from a secondary school in Tingsryd in Småland were asked to define 17 compounds from “new words’ list” 2008 a conclusion could be drawn that compound words are short-lived, ephemeral constructions. The analysis has shown the big pace of changes that the lexicon undergoes and the linguistic creativity of language users as well as their strong need to create new terms. The results can evoke questions about the effectiveness of communication in relation to the features of new words. The article is based on my unpublished master’s thesis.
17

Nazwiska współcześnie w Polsce używane z ruskim dub- i polskim dąb- // dęb-. Studium porównawcze)

63%
Makarski W.
Poznańskie Spotkania Językoznawcze
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2010
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vol. 21
99-128
EN
The article includes a linguistic analysis: semantic and formal (morphological and phonetic-graphic) of nearly 330 surnames of Russian origin and more than 370 Polish surnames, which have been formed on the basis of the Ukrainian, Belorussian and Russian root dub- and Polish dąb- // dęb- (“oak”), excerpted from Słownik nazwisk współcześnie w Polsce używanych (“The Dictionary of Surnames Contemporarily Used in Poland”) from the years 1992-1994. The analysis showed qualitative and quantitative similarities and differences between those two anthroponomasticons and their mutual interferences. They are especially visible in the process of Polonization of Russian surnames, set in a broader context of Polish enculturation of Russian residents in historical Poland. Semantic and formal richness of both anthroponymic families with the root dąb (“oak”) confirmed an important position of dąb in Russian languages as well as in Polish, reflecting the meaning of this tree in the economic and cultural life of man.
18

Wybrane przymiotniki denominalne w języku polskim i niemieckim

63%
Borowski Z.
Prace Językoznawcze
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2018
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issue XX/1
45-56
EN
Denominal adjectives, called relational adjectives in Polish and German linguistics, asdefining words formed with suffixes added to animate and inanimate nouns indicate numerous potential relationships in connection with a defined noun. Strictly relational adjectives so called strict relational such as possessive relationships, eg. ojcowski dom > dom ojca/ das väterliche Haus > das Haus des Vaters > das Vaterhaus (father’s house > the house which belongs to father) and substantial relationships, eg. żelazny płot > płot z żelaza/ der eiserne Zaun > der Zaun aus Eisen > der Eisenzaun (iron fence > the fence made of iron), with which characteristics of the basic meaning appear, can be distinguished among them. So called partitive relationl adjectives with only a partial meaning of the basic. Subject relationships such as, eg. praktyka lekarska/ ärztliche Praxis > die Praxis eines Arztes > die Arztpraxis (medical practice) and substantial relationships, eg. piaszczysta gleba/ sandiger Boden (Sand enthaltend) > der Sandboden (sandy soil) also belong to this group. Sufix derivatives seldom appear in German as compounds prevail in contrast to Polish.
19
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O patocelebrytach i patointeligencji, czyli o nowych złożeniach z (produktywnym) członem pato-

63%
Cierpich-Kozieł A.
Język Polski
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2022
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vol. 102
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issue 4
5-20
PL
Composita z członem pato- pełnią funkcję innowacji leksykalnej: w sposób pejoratywny nazywają nowe zjawiska społeczne lub określają osoby budzące powszechne oburzenie, wywołujące konsternację i/lub zainteresowanie. Ich produktywność wzrasta przede wszystkim za sprawą Internetu, w tym mediów społecznościowych. Celami artykułu są: omówienie wyekscerpowanych złożeń, prześledzenie chronologii ich pojawiania się w polszczyźnie, jak również opisanie znaczenia wybranych jednostek oraz określenie ich statusu formalnego.
EN
New Polish compound words formed with the prefix pato- [‘patho-’] undertake an innovative lexical function in communicating a pejorative meaning. They refer not only to new social phenomena but also to persons who provoke public outrage, cause widespread consternation and/or arouse interest. Undoubtedly, the Internet, including the social media, generates their productivity boost. The aim of the article is to excerpt such compounds and investigate their synchronic development in the Polish language. Furthermore, we shall comment on the meaning of some selected lexical units as well as define their formal status.
20

Pflanzennamen in Form dreigliedriger Komposita

63%
Guz M.
Prace Językoznawcze
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2013
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issue 15/2
37-46
EN
This paper discusses the names of the plants in three-word compounds. The research material was taken from Pflanzennamen und botanischeFachwörter. BotanischesLexikon by Rudolf Schubert and Günther Wagner. The names of the plants were evaluated according to the criterion of the two-word structure of each compound. In this way, the analyzed names were divided into two groups with the following structures: 1. Basic word + compound 2. Compound + basic word The groups were then analyzed in terms of form and semantics. As far as form is concerned, it has been found that in the majority of cases the compounds are composed of nouns and rarely of other speech elements. Concerning semantics, it is interesting that in the second group, i.e. compound + basic word, both components of the compound belong almost exclusively to the same thematic groups.
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