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MILITARY APPROACH TO THE CONTEMPORARY SECURITY THREATS

100%
Spilý P.
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
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2014
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vol. 15(15)
269-277
EN
The current security environment is characterized by dynamic development, complexity, instability and uncertainty of development. Security threats affect the environment both in terms of geographic as well as from the perspective of actors in this environment. Military forces are important actor involved in order to address security crises. The article is focused on the military perception of security threats and challenges and the changes in the deployment of military capabilities, which are reflected in the period from the end of the Cold War.
2
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PODEJŚCIE ZINTEGROWANE W REAGOWANIU KRYZYSOWYM

88%
Brylonek M.
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
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2014
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issue 4(12)
5-23 (19)
EN
Implementation of comprehensive approach in solving crisis situations is one of the challenges of the contemporary times. Experiences of the last two decades proved in multiple cases that crises’ counteraction can only be effective if both military and civilian capabilities have been employed, including diplomacy and various aid instruments. International organizations expect tangible results of conduct and engagement in peace-keeping and stabilization missions and operations, ensuring amelioration of the situation. A special role among civilian capabilities has been assigned to law and order forces, including police, gendarmerie and military police, more often constituting integral ele-ments of military-civilian operations or functioning in close cooperation with them. These formations can be deployed in many different ways, although they are most fre-quently used as executive, strengthening or substituting local police, or non-executive, conducting training and mentoring for the benefit of local law and order formations. As one of the most complex and multidimensional theatres of recent years, Afghan-istan is evolving, it is worth examining the subject matter of the implementation and execution of the comprehensive approach, as well as the missions and operations com-posed into the integrated effort of the international society for creation of safe and secure environment for the benefit of Afghan citizens.
3
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EVOLUTION OF MILITARY OPERATIONS PERCEPTION

88%
Spilý P.
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
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2014
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vol. 16(16)
457-463
EN
The term operation is in military theory and practice commonly used word. Despite appearances, that its meaning is generally clear and does not need more detailed specification, history has shown that its perception was not always identical. The reason is the fact that this concept must continuously adapt to the current state of warfare, which reflects the social conditions of the historical period. Even in present days, in time of complex security crises appear facts which point to the need to revise the meaning of that term.
4
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Common Sense of L2 Instruction in Early Education. Its Salience and Transferability

88%
Daszkiewicz M.
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
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2011
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vol. 7
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issue 15(3)
116-123
EN
The article discusses the degree in which a commonsensical approach to L2 lessons in early education complies with what relevant literature and research stipulate in this respect. Thus understood compliance is addressed on four levels: with reference to a general approach, affective aspects, cognition and behaviour. On each level substantial “seamlessness” is noted, i.e. a high level of common sense – science concordance. The text has been prompted by a never-ending search of many for a wonders-making method, with the belief in such a magical key to foreign languages being argued here to be an erroneous and misleading assumption. The article closes with a reflection on the transferability of common sense to higher levels of L2 education and several commonsensical implications for language teachers to follow.
5
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Police forces in international crisis management

75%
Brylonek M.
Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy
|
2016
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issue 2(19)
PL
Doświadczenia ostatniego ćwierćwiecza wielokrotnie dowodziły, że przeciwdziałanie kryzysom może być efektywne wyłącznie w przypadku wspólnego wykorzystania zdolności cywilnych i wojskowych. W wyniku implementacji podejścia zintegrowanego siły policyjne uzyskały trwałe miejsce w międzynarodowym zarządzaniu kryzysowym. Siły te mogą być wykorzystywane w interwencjach międzynarodowych na różne sposoby, choć najczęściej występują w charakterze służb o mandacie wykonawczym (executive), zastępując lokalne policje (substitution), bądź też bez charakteru wykonawczego (non-executive), realizując wzmacnianie lokalnych formacji prawa i porządku (strengthening) poprzez działalność doradczo-szkoleniową. W związku z ewolucją kilku z najbardziej złożonych i wielowymiarowych teatrów operacji ostatnich lat autor przedstawia teoretyczną problematykę użycia sił policyjnych, zilustrowaną dwoma przykładami praktycznymi misji UNMISS w Południowym Sudanie oraz operacji EUFOR w Republice Środkowoafrykańskiej, w których siły policyjne wkomponowane zostały w szersze interwencje międzynarodowe. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań dowodzą, że siły policyjne ze względu na ich efektywność oraz perspektywy zapewnienia trwałych stanów końcowych misji i operacji (end state) nadal będą szeroko wykorzystywane w międzynarodowym zarządzaniu kryzysowym
EN
Experience of the last twenty-five years teaches us that crisis counteraction can only be effective if both civilian and military forces are deployed. As a result of the comprehensive approach implementation, police forces have gained a stable position in international crisis management. Police forces can perform many different roles, although they are most frequently used as executive bodies, substituting local police, or non-executive bodies, strengthening local law and order formations through training and mentoring. As some of the most complex and multidimensional theatres of recent years are evolving, the author presents theoretical modalities of police forces deployment, illustrated by two case studies of the UNMISS in South Sudan and the EUFOR in the Central Police forces in international crisis management 20 African Republic, where these forces engaged into broader, international interventions. The conclusion of the research is that, with regard to their efficiency and perspectives of reaching long-lasting end states, police forces will still be widely used in international crisis management.
6
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PRINCIPALES PROBLEMAS METODOLÓGICOS EN LA ENSEÑANZA DEL SUBSISTEMA FONÉTICO-FONOLÓGICO ESPAÑOL EN EL ÁMBITO DE LOS ESTUDIOS UNIVERSITARIOS POLACOS

71%
Szałek J.
Neofilolog
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2015
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issue 44/1
9-20
EN
The problems concerning teaching methodology in the domain of phonetics and phonology of Spanish have not as yet been properly addressed within the considerably young Polish studies of the Spanish language. The author of the present article, based on his own research and teaching experience, suggests a number of solutions and practical remarks related to teaching methodology of contemporary Spanish phonetics and phonology within Spanish language and literature studies in Poland. The so-called ”comprehensive approach” has been verified for compliance with the most recent achievements of modern Spanish phonetic and phonological studies.
7
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The role of reservists and reserve associations today

63%
Ujházy L.
Security and Defence Quarterly
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2018
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vol. 19
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issue 2
3-12
EN
In this paper, the role of reservists is both discussed and analysed by the author. At the same time – based on the experience of NATO member states with a history and tradition longer than ours in this context – the author outlines the alternative options for possible participation by a reserve association in efforts aimed at supporting the volunteer reserve system and national defence as a whole in Hungary.
8
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Contribution to the participation of military structures in the fight against terrorism

63%
Neag M. M., Barsan G., Mosteanu D., Ionita D.
Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces
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2019
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vol. 51
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issue 4(194)
605-615
PL
Terroryzm, poprzez charakteryzującą go przemoc, jest jednym z najpoważniejszych zagrożeń dla współczesnej cywilizacji i globalnego porządku, czyni bezpieczeństwo jednostki i społeczeństwa bardziej wrażliwym zarówno w kraju, jak i na arenie międzynarodowej. Walka z terroryzmem wiąże się nie tylko z wyzwaniami dla sił zbrojnych zajmującymi się kwestiami związanymi z legitymizowaniem legalności w relacjach w stosunku do ludności z obszaru objętego operacją wojskową czy w odniesieniu do osób zaangażowanych lub wspierającymi akty terrorystyczne, ale także wiąże się z odpowiedzialnością za przestrzeganie zasad demokracji, godności człowieka i jego podstawowych praw. Kwestie związane z udziałem struktur wojskowych w walce z terroryzmem nie są niczym nowym. Nowością natomiast jest jednak perspektywa świadomego i dojrzałego podejścia do ryzyka i zagrożeń, z jakimi zmagają się siły zbrojne w konfliktach, w które są zaangażowane.
EN
Terrorism is, through the violence that characterizes it, one of the most serious threats to global order and civilization, making the security of the individual and society more fragile domestically and internationally. The fight against terrorism involves challenges for military forces targeting issues of legitimacy and legality in relation to the population of the area of operations and to the persons involved or supporting terrorist acts, responsibility for the principles of democracy, human dignity and fundamental human rights. The issue of participation of military structures in the fight against terrorism is not something new. What is new, however, is the prospect of conscious and mature approach to risks and threats which military forces face in the conflicts they are engaged in.
9
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The European Union’s Security Conceptualisation vs. its Risk Prevention Capabilities

62%
Dziewulska A.
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
|
2020
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issue 14
125-140
PL
Unia Europejska jako obszar niekwestionowanego dobrobytu, nad budowaniem którego państwa ją tworzące pracują od lat 1950-tych, stoi przed ciągłym wyzwaniem zwalczania zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa swoich społeczeństw. W zmieniającym się świecie, zagrożenia te stale ewoluują. Ich pierwszego podsumowania dokonano w Europejskiej Strategii Bezpieczeństwa, a listę zagrożeń zweryfikowano w opublikowanej w 2016 r. Strategii Globalnej. Jest więc w Unii świadomość zarówno procesów zmian zachodzących w stosunkach międzynarodowych, jak i zagrożeń pojawiających się w związku z tym dla Unii, jej państw członkowskich i społeczeństwa. Czy świadomość ta motywuje państwa członkowskie i władze Unii do konsolidacji wysiłku obronnego? Czy środki odziaływania na zagrożenia dla Unii są adekwatne do stopnia niebezpieczeństwa? Czy polityki Unii są na tyle rozbudowane, że pozwalają zachować spokój wobec zagrożeń? Niniejszy artykuł analizuje zagrożenia i stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania.
EN
The European Union, as an area of unquestionable prosperity, on which the countries that make up it have been working since the 1950s, faces the constant challenge of combating threats to the security of its societies. In a changing world, these threats are constantly evolving. They were first summarised in the European Security Strategy and the list of threats was revised in Global Strategy published in 2016. The Union is therefore aware both of the processes of change in international relations and of the threats that this entails for the Union, its Member States and society. Does this awareness motivate Member States and EU authorities to consolidate their defence efforts? Are the measures to address the risks to the Union adequate to the degree of danger? Are the policies of the Union so developed as to maintain peace of mind in the face of threats? This article analyses the risks and attempts to answer these questions.
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