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The main purpose of this article is to draw attention to one of the motifs which appear regularly in literature concerning the Nazi concentration camps. In many memoirs of ex-convicts the concentration camp is represented as a place „where birds did not sing” – an area domed by an empty, silent sky, „a sky without birds”. The author of this paper examines this phenomenon from many perspectives, drawing on various types of sources. The voices of the imprisoned are surprisingly juxtaposed with ornithological research conducted by Günther Niethammer, a scientist and, simultaneously, one of the SS guards in the Auschwitz concentration camp. This article is part of ever-growing contemporary research on the topoi of concentration camp literature and Holocaust literature. Ecocriticism and environmentalism constitute an important inspiration for his text, and a post-anthropocentric perspective allows the author to extend the scope of historicity to include the non-human beings, such as animals, plants and the landscape.
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The article centers on the theme of the Holocaust in the literary works of Marian Pankowski: its sources, relations with the concentration camp theme, particular works and their poetics, as well as the aesthetic, social and political problems related to the theme of the Holocaust.
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The article centers on the theme of the Holocaust in the literary works of Marian Pankowski: its sources, relations with the concentration camp theme, particular works and their poetics, as well as the aesthetic, social and political problems related to the theme of the Holocaust.
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Czytając Korzeniewskiego

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This article discusses the volume Było, minęło... Wspomnienia [Gone is gone... Memoirs] (Warsaw 2020), comprising twelve texts by Bohdan Korzeniewski, with a foreword by Anna Kuligowska-Korzeniewska and an afterword by Andrzej Kruczyński. Open to the generic diversity of autobiographical writing, the book arranges individual texts according to the chronology of the events they recount. Its great meta-theme is the genealogy of Polish intelligentsia: the image of a generation for whom World War I, the revolution, and Poland’s regaining of independence were formative experiences, one that entered adulthood in independent Poland and was raised with a sense of mission. Bohdan Korzeniewski (1905–1992) describes his younger years in the interwar period, his experiences during the war and occupation (in the outstanding “Auschwitz diptych”), and the post-war years. Although it brings together known texts, written in the second half of the last century, the volume shows that they are worth re-reading, especially for their literary value. Korzeniewski’s memoirs read like a fascinating autobiography (and self-creation) of a Polish intellectual, an eyewitness to the history of the 20th century, who gives us an account of his struggles with the world and with himself that together form a record of human existence.
EN
As part of a relatively new notion - “queering Holocaust studies” - the article deals with the issue of nonheteronormative forms of sexuality among Polish male former concentration camp prisoners. The analysis of selected excerpts from Mieczysław Karwacki’s book Życie wśród śmierci [lit. Life among death] (1999) is conducted with the use of the queer category as well as scholarly reflection on the topic of wartime sexuality. This strategy shows how crucial transgressive themes (concerning the homo- and heterosexual experiences of the author, touching upon his physicality and masculinity) are for the book, and how the author challenges the constraining, binary division into “female” and “male” topics of concentration camp literature. A queer reading of the book by Karwacki - someone hitherto anonymous, unknown to both readers and researchers - reveals the need to split open the martyrological, heteronormative model of war memoirs and to incorporate this kind of content into concentration-camp discourse in Poland.
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