Pavel Materna proposed valuable explications of concept and conceptual system. After their introduction, we contrast conceptual systems with (a novel notion of) derivation systems. Derivation systems differ from conceptual systems especially in including derivation rules. This enables us to show close connections among the realms of objects, their concepts, and reasoning with concepts.
I argue that Hume’s and Carnap’s criticism of philosophy (metaphysic) contains a rational core and that this core can be much more sharply formulated as soon as a procedural theory of concepts is applied. Also, a possible solution to the problem can be suggested in a much more definite manner.
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