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EN
Traffic congestion is a major and growing problem in urban areas across the globe. It reduces the effective spatial interaction between different locations. To mitigate traffic congestion, not only the actual status of different routes needs to be known but also it is imperative to determine network congestion in different spatial zones associated with distinct land use classes. In the present paper, a new formula is proposed to quantify traffic congestion in the different spatial zones of a study area characterized by distinct land use classes. The proposed formula is termed the Traffic Congestability Value (TCV). The formula considers three major influencing factors: congestion index value, pedestrian movement and road surface conditions; since these parameters are significantly related to land use in a region. The different traffic congestion parameters, i.e. travel time, average speed and the proportion of time stopped, were collected in real time. Lower values of TCV correspond to a higher degree of congestion in the respective spatial zones and vice-versa and the results were validated in the field. TCV differs from the previous approaches to quantifying traffic congestion since it focuses on the causes of network congestion while in previous works the focus was generally on link flow congestion.
XX
The presence of input congestion is one of the key issues that result in lower efficiency and performance in decision-making units (DMUs). So, determination of congestion is of prime importance, and removing it improves the performance of DMUs. One of the most appropriate methods for detecting congestion is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Since the output of inefficient units can be increased by keeping the input constant through projecting on the weak efficiency frontier, it is unnecessary to determine the congested inefficient DMUs. Therefore, in this case, we solely determine congested vertex units. Towards this aim, only one LP model in DEA is proposed and the status of congestion (strong congestion and weak congestion) obtained. In our method, a vertex unit under evaluation is eliminated from the production technology, and then, if there exists an activity that belongs to the production technology with lower inputs and higher outputs compared with the omitted unit, we say vertex unit evidences congestion. One of the features of our model is that by solving only one LP model and with easier and fewer calculations compared to other methods, congested units can be identified. Data set obtained from Japanese chain stores for a period of 27 years is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model and the results are compared with some previous methods.
Path of Science
|
2017
|
vol. 3
|
issue 6
2.1-2.7
EN
For any emerging city to grow into a healthy and safe city, development guidelines and regulations which serve as a vital strategy should be considered and be adhered to. Most importantly the town and country planning laws which are purposely designed to regulate various development aspects that includes, zoning practices, occupancy type building height, as well as building setbacks among many other regulations, depending on the problems of a particular locality. Suleja in the last three decades has rapidly experienced increase in size with numerous number of buildings springing up, largely as a result of its proximity to the new Federal Capital Territory; unfortunately most of the buildings were haphazardly placed with less or little regard to local planning regulations. This paper is aimed to explore how non adherence to building setbacks affects the immediate dwelling units of an area. A field survey and oral interviews were used in three core areas of Suleja to evaluate the level of non-adherence of building setbacks, and its resultant effects. The research findings identified several problems arising from non-compliance to building setbacks regulations, which includes poorly lightened and ventilated interiors of dwelling units, lack of access roads linking buildings with main roads, lack of outdoor spaces for parking vehicles and unsafe environment which all leads to a poor city growth.
EN
Congestion is the result of the accumulation of flows of different nature (i.e. people, goods, waste) in cities, which on the one hand results from their development, the consequence of which is the intensification of flows, on the other is also an example of the main barrier to the functioning and development of cities. This problem defined the purpose of the study and the article which is to characterize the phenomenon of congestion and to identify the structure of this issue, so as to deliberately define actions to alleviate congestion and its negative effects. The aim of the study was achieved using network thinking methodology, based on the knowledge of the appointed expert group. The test results were processed using grey collections and arithmetic. Research methodology was justified by the complexity and multi-faceted nature of the research problem. The research results indicated the potential of shared transport, and thus the importance of ICT, and above all mobile apps in reducing congestion in historical city districts.
PL
Kongestia jest skutkiem nagromadzenia w mieście przepływów o różnym charakterze (ludzie, towary, odpady). Z jednej strony wynika z jego rozwoju, którego konsekwencją jest intensyfikacja przepływów, z drugiej – jest jednocześnie przykładem głównej bariery funkcjonowania i rozwoju miast. Problem ten zdefiniował cel badania i artykułu, którym jest scharakteryzowanie zjawiska kongestii oraz zidentyfikowanie struktury tego zagadnienia, tak aby w sposób celowy zdefiniować działania umożliwiające złagodzenie kongestii i jej negatywnych skutków. Cel badania zrealizowano z wykorzystaniem metodyki myślenia sieciowego, opierając się na wiedzy powołanej grupy eksperckiej. Wyniki badań poddano obróbce za pomocą zbiorów i arytmetyki szarej. Metodyka badawcza uzasadniona była złożonością i wieloaspektowością problemu badawczego. Wyniki badań wskazały na potencjał transportu dzielonego, a co za tym idzie – znaczenie ICT, a przede wszystkim aplikacji mobilnych w ograniczeniu kongestii w historycznych dzielnicach miast.
PL
Stały wzrost wykorzystania indywidualnych środków komunikacji miejskiej potęguje zjawisko kongestii i obniżenie jakości życia w mieście. Dążenie do ograniczenia negatywnych skutków podróży indywidualnych wymaga nie tylko zastosowania zmian organizacyjno-prawnych, ale przede wszystkim zachowań komunikacyjnych mieszkańców. W artykule zaprezentowano podstawowe etapy zmian zachowań mobilnościowych oraz instrumenty wspierające te zmiany.
EN
Permanent increase in the use of individual transport intensifies the congestions and drop of quality of live in the city. The desire to reduce the negative effects of individual travel requires not only the use of organizational and legal changes but communications behaviors of residents. This article presents the basic steps of communications behavioral changes and instruments to support this change.
EN
The article brings up a question about application of logistics concept to flow management of people and goods within the urban area. The question appears as a city can be considered in the context of logistics systems, in which system approach and process orientation can be applied. In the article the author indicates determinants of implementation of intelligent transport system in the city. There are also presented aims and assumptions of ITS as well as benefits. Moreover, an attempt have been made to identify potential fields of urban transport system where telematics solutions can bring measurable benefits in terms of economics, environment or safety.
PL
Przedmiotem rozważań podjętych w  artykule są przesłanki i  uwarunkowania wdrażania inteligentnych systemów transportowych (ITS) w miastach. W pracy zaprezentowano założenia i cele ITS oraz wskazano na korzyści, jakie można osiągnąć poprzez implementację rozwiązań z zakresu telematyki w miejskich systemach transportowych. Ponadto wskazano na problemy współczesnych miast, których alternatywnym rozwiązaniem może być implementacja ITS. Podjęto także próbę identyfikacji potencjalnych obszarów, w których zasadne jest wdrażanie rozwiązań telematycznych zintegrowanych w ramach ITS oraz zaprezentowano ich konkretne przykłady.
PL
Aglomeracja Wałbrzyska tworzona jest przez 23 gminy o zróżnicowanym stopniu rozwoju liniowej infrastruktury transportowej. W opracowaniu podjęto próbę analizy i oceny działań jednostek samorządu terytorialnego Aglomeracji Wałbrzyskiej pod katem istniejących dróg i sieci kolejowych oraz występującego na nich zjawiska kongestii. Pod uwagę wzięto takie elementy infrastruktury jak: drogi krajowe, wojewódzkie i gminne oraz sieci kolejowe. Analizując i oceniając zjawisko kongestii, dokonano obserwacji dróg aglomeracji, zarówno w godzinach szczytu, jak i poza nim. Na tej podstawie możliwa była identyfikacja „wąskich gardeł” w ruchu kołowym oraz zróżnicowanego stopnia rozwoju liniowej infrastruktury. Dokonano tez oceny funkcjonalności tej infrastruktury, a także wskazano preferowane kierunki jej dalszego rozwoju.
EN
Walbrzych Agglomeration consists of 23 municipalities of varied levels of development of their linear transport infrastructure. This paper attempts to analyse and evaluate the local government units of Walbrzych Agglomeration in terms of the existing roads and rail networks, as well as congestion phenomenon. The author has considered such elements of the infrastructure as the national, provincial and municipal roads, as well as the railway networks. The observation of the phenomenon of congestion and the analyses and evaluations of Walbrzych Agglomeration roads were made both at peak and off-peak times.On this basis it has been possible to identify traffc bottlenecks and make differentiation of the development levels of the linear infrastructure in the examined area. The functionality of this infrastructure has also been evaluated, as well as the preferred directions for its further development.
EN
In the contemporary world urban logistics seems to play an important role in creating citizen-friendly, green metropolitan areas. Since the beginning of re-urbanization era it has become vital to provide modern and widely-spread mass transit systems, allowing everyone to commute from and to the city centers fast and conveniently. Banning cars from entering certain downtown areas, as well as transforming roads into tram grassed tracks are just some of the common urban planning practices reinstating priority to the people, instead of motor vehicles. It is of paramount importance to cater for citizens needs of their daily commute by constructing high quality public transportation systems, using trams, metro rails or BRT in accordance with the size and density of the city.
PL
We współczesnym świecie logistyka miejska odgrywa fundamentalną rolę w tworzeniu przyjaznych społeczeństwu zielonych metropolii rozwijających się w sposób zrównoważony. Od nastania ery reurbanizacji kluczowe znaczenie ma zapewnienie nowoczesnych, szeroko rozproszonych systemów tranzytu masowego, pozwalających każdemu mieszkańcowi na szybki i wygodny dojazd do centrum miasta. Zakaz wjazdu samochodem do pewnych obszarów śródmiejskich, a także przekształcanie dróg w torowisko trawiaste to tylko niektóre z powszechnych planów urbanistycznych, które mają na celu przywrócić priorytet pieszym, a odebrać obecnie zdominowanym pojazdom samochodowym. Szczególne znaczenie ma zaspokajanie coraz to większych potrzeb pasażerów komunikacji miejskiej, tworząc wysokiej jakości systemy transportu publicznego oraz korzystając, w zależności od wielkości i gęstości miasta, z taboru tramwajowego, torów kolejowych lub BRT.
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