Search results

1

O szczególnej pozycji spójnikowych predykatów asocjatywnych

100%

Topolińska Z.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2015

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issue Numer Specjalny

151-155

EN

In the word class of conjunctions, the paper discerns: (a) exponents of associative predicates, i.e. predicates which connect/link events/propositions by way of a simple association, (b) exponents of temporal links between events, and (c) exponents of causal links between events. The author discusses certain special uses of Polish associative predicates formalized as conjunctions, and concludes that they are also characteristic of the corresponding class of predicates in other languages. She emphasizes their domination in the oral communication and comments on their ability to appear in the secondary function of quasi-particles.

2

The development of conjunction use in advanced L2 speech

100%

Jaroszek M.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2011

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vol. 1

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issue 4

533-553

EN

The article discusses the results of a longitudinal study of how the use of conjunctions, as an aspect of spoken discourse competence of 13 selected advanced students of English, developed throughout their 3-year English as a foreign language (EFL) tertiary education. The analysis was carried out in relation to a number of variables, including 2 reference levels, one representing English native discourse and the other observed in teacher talk in actual EFL classes, language type exposure, as registered by the participants of the study on a weekly basis, and teaching procedures. The study investigated possible factors determining the development of 3 aspects of conjunction use: (a) formal conjunctions, (b) specific conjunctions, that is, those conjunctions that are both characteristic of natural English discourse and are underrepresented in L2 discourse, and (c) conjunction diversity. The results point to a restricting effect of teacher talk on the development of specific conjunction use and conjunction diversity. These 2 aspects of conjunction use enjoyed only a slight rise, approaching the teacher reference level. On the other hand, formal conjunctions use did increase radically throughout the study, exceeding the native reference level. In this case teacher talk played a reinforcing role at most. As indicated in a correlational analysis, although there was a clear tendency of the participants’ development of conjunction use towards the native reference level, exposure to authentic English may not have been facilitative of the development of this discourse aspect. An interesting observation was made with reference to the effect of formal instruction on the development of conjunction use: Although the subjects did receive intensive training in conjunction use in the 1st semester of their EFL course, it was not until the 2nd year that their levels of formal conjunction use in spoken output increased. This suggests that formal instruction may have no immediate effect on the development of spoken discourse competence.

3

Spójnik „czy” – koniunkcja

100%

Magner E.

Edukacja Filozoficzna

|

2017

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issue 64

89-97

EN

The article is a continuation of my deliberations on the connective ‘czy’ (equivalent to ‘or’ in English) as the natural language equivalent of the functors in logic. I showed that the connective ‘czy’ can also be the equivalent of the functor of conjunction and not, as I mentioned before, of the functors of inclusive or exclusive disjunction only.

4

Certain Issues With the Commutativity of the Connective “i”

100%

Studia Semiotyczne

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2019

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vol. 33

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issue 2

EN

The conjunctive “i” is one of the four interpretations of the Polish connective “i” (“and” in English), along with the accessory, sequential and explicatory ones, which are distinguished by Olgierd Wojtasiewicz. Its characteristic feature, as in the case of the functor of conjunction in logic, is commutativity. However, this property is associated with certain problems of a stylistic or phonetic nature, problems related to building an open series of compound sentences or the occurrence of the component expressing the attitude of the speaker.

5

The development of conjunction use in advanced L2 speech

100%

Jaroszek M.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

|

2011

|

vol. 1

|

issue 4

533-553

EN

The article discusses the results of a longitudinal study of how the use of conjunctions, as an aspect of spoken discourse competence of 13 selected advanced students of English, developed throughout their 3-year English as a foreign language (EFL) tertiary education. The analysis was carried out in relation to a number of variables, including 2 reference levels, one representing English native discourse and the other observed in teacher talk in actual EFL classes, language type exposure, as registered by the participants of the study on a weekly basis, and teaching procedures. The study investigated possible factors determining the development of 3 aspects of conjunction use: (a) formal conjunctions, (b) specific conjunctions, that is, those conjunctions that are both characteristic of natural English discourse and are underrepresented in L2 discourse, and (c) conjunction diversity. The results point to a restricting effect of teacher talk on the development of specific conjunction use and conjunction diversity. These 2 aspects of conjunction use enjoyed only a slight rise, approaching the teacher reference level. On the other hand, formal conjunctions use did increase radically throughout the study, exceeding the native reference level. In this case teacher talk played a reinforcing role at most. As indicated in a correlational analysis, although there was a clear tendency of the participants’ development of conjunction use towards the native reference level, exposure to authentic English may not have been facilitative of the development of this discourse aspect. An interesting observation was made with reference to the effect of formal instruction on the development of conjunction use: Although the subjects did receive intensive training in conjunction use in the 1st semester of their EFL course, it was not until the 2nd year that their levels of formal conjunction use in spoken output increased. This suggests that formal instruction may have no immediate effect on the development of spoken discourse competence.

6

O godzeniu przeciwieństw – funkcja wyrażeń jednocześnie i zarazem w języku naturalnym oraz w testowaniu hipotez semantycznych

88%

Żabowska M.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2015

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issue 12

71-105

EN

The article includes an overview of syntactic and semantic features of expressions jednocześnie, równocześnie and zarazem. The analysis is divided into two main parts. In the first one the author discusses the relationship between temporal adverbs and meta-textual units of language. She shows that the meta-textual expressions in question are semantically close to adverbial units – their function is not pointing to the coexistence of events but to organize a sentence and connect two functionally equal units. The second part focuses on the function of the lexical units in question within deviant sentences. The article also brings forth some remarks on the semantic consequences and effects of using the unit jednocześnie in the negation test.

7

O dwóch metatekstowych jednostkach: „zaś" i „natomiast"

88%

Kisiel A.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2015

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issue 12

53-69

EN

The article presents two units of unclear grammatical classification, both derived from the pronoun phrases: zaś and natomiast. In the first part of the article the units are contrasted with units considered in lexicography as being semantically close: za to, z kolei, ale and a. The first one is equally dubious when it comes to its classification, the second belongs to the class of particles, the last two - to the class of conjunctions. Based on the analysis of the TR structure of sentences with the aforementioned units and their word order, together with observations on their ability to co-occur with other metatextual units, it can be pointed out that zaś and natomiast cannot be seen neither as particles, nor as conjunctions (as identified in modern Polish linguistics). The second part of the article provides a more detailed observation on TR structure of sentences with zaś and natomiast in order to recognise their specificity.

8

On so-called "conjunctions" in English

88%

Anderson J. M.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2013

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vol. 49

21-77

EN

I explore here the status of those expressions in English traditionally labelled "conjunctions", as seen from the perspective of notional grammar (see particularly Anderson 2006, 2011). Among "subordinating conjunctions", which subordinate sentential structures to lower-ranking constructions, I distinguish between those that introduce a non-locative argument of the superordinate clause and those which introduce a locative, typically a circumstantial. The former subordinate conjunctions belong to a category that is optionally realized independently as that. The latter involve in addition a superordinate locative structure, possibly abstract, that specifies the kind of circumstance or participation attributed to the subordinate clause. Other varieties of sentential subordination complicate this picture. As concerns "coordinating conjunctions", "simple coordination" is achieved by a category, realized centrally by and or or, that, prototypically, simultaneously modifies and takes as a complement instances of the same other category; the "conjunction", thus, contrary to the prevailing view, involves subordination of both the conjunction and the second instance of the "conjoined category". "Correlative coordination", exemplified by either ... or, involving a quantifier and a conjunction, is again subordinating.

9

The development of cohesion in a learner corpus

88%

Neary-Sundquist C. A.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2013

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vol. 3

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issue 1

109-130

EN

This study examines the use of cohesive devices (pragmatic markers and conjunctions) in a 24,000-word corpus of transcribed oral data from 47 learners and native speakers of English. Both of these cohesive devices increase with proficiency level, but not in the same way. Conjunction use seems to increase steadily, and only the differences between the highest and lowest proficiency levels were found to be statistically significant. Pragmatic marker use, however, remains fairly stable across the three lowest proficiency levels and rises drastically for the two highest proficiency levels, and the two higher proficiency levels are significantly different from the two lower levels in their use of pragmatic markers. The results are compared to native speaker rates of cohesive device use for the same tasks and under the same conditions.

10

The development of cohesion in a learner corpus

88%

Neary-Sundquist C. A.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

|

2013

|

vol. 3

|

issue 1

109-130

EN

This study examines the use of cohesive devices (pragmatic markers and conjunctions) in a 24,000-word corpus of transcribed oral data from 47 learners and native speakers of English. Both of these cohesive devices increase with proficiency level, but not in the same way. Conjunction use seems to increase steadily, and only the differences between the highest and lowest proficiency levels were found to be statistically significant. Pragmatic marker use, however, remains fairly stable across the three lowest proficiency levels and rises drastically for the two highest proficiency levels, and the two higher proficiency levels are significantly different from the two lower levels in their use of pragmatic markers. The results are compared to native speaker rates of cohesive device use for the same tasks and under the same conditions.

11

Interpretation formulas for conjunctions and particles in the explanatory Ukrainian language dictionary

75%

Bugakov O. V.

Cognitive Studies

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2010

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issue 10

EN

Interpretation formulas for conjunctions and particles in the explanatory Ukrainian language dictionaryInterpretation formulas for conjunctions and particles in the Ukrainian Language Dictionary are defined. The peculiarities of presenting lexical semantics for these parts of speech in the explanatory part of the dictionary entry are described. The way of presenting interpretation formulas using synonyms is also described.

12

The mereology of structural universals

75%

Forrest P.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

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2016

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vol. 25

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issue 3 Mereology and Beyond (II)

259-283

EN

This paper explores the mereology of structural universals, using the structural richness of a non-classical mereology without unique fusions. The paper focuses on a problem posed by David Lewis, who using the example of methane, and assuming classical mereology, argues against any purely mereological theory of structural universals. The problem is that being a methane molecule would have to contain being a hydrogen atom four times over, but mereology does not have the concept of the same part occurring several times. This paper takes up the challenge by providing mereological analysis of three operations sufficient for a theory of structural universals: (1) Reflexive binding, i.e. identifying two of the places of a universal; (2) Existential binding, i.e. the language-independent correlate of an existential quantification; and (3) Conjunction.

13

Bo – bowiem – albowiem. Między spójnikiem a partykułą

75%

Kisiel A.

Forum Lingwistyczne

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2015

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issue 2

73-84

EN

The article presents three etymologically related units: bo, bowiem i albowiem. Basing on analysis of the contexts of their use (requirement of a weaker / stronger pause, ability to cooperate with an elliptic sentence, possibility of changing position within a sentence), with particular regard to binding between a rheme of the sentence with which these units coocurate and a preceeding rheme, the possibility of including bowiem and albowiem into the classes of particles and conjunctions is discussed.

14

Spójnik I… i…

75%

Magner E.

Edukacja Filozoficzna

|

2019

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issue 67

207-224

PL

Poszukując najlepszych odpowiedników z języka naturalnego dla funktorów logicznych swoją uwagę zwróciłam na spójnik I… i…. Spójnik ten, choć mogłoby się tak wydawać, nie jest zwykłym wariantem stylistycznym spójnika i. Spójnik i oraz spójnik I… i… to dwa różne spójniki. Uważam, że spójnik I… i… jest lepszym odpowiednikiem funktora koniunkcji w logice niż spójnik i.

EN

Looking for the best natural language equivalents to various functors in logic I turned my attention to the Polish connective “I… i…” (“both… and…” in English). This connective, although it may look like one, is not a simple, stylistic variant of the Polish connective “i” (“and” in English). The connective “i” and the connective “I… i…” are two different connectives. I consider the connective “I… i…” a better equivalent to the functor of conjunction in logic than the connective “i”.

15

Mits wroeginge der conscientien: het voorwaardelijk voorzetsel ‘mits’ al in de zestiende eeuw

75%

Loosen G.

Neerlandica Wratislaviensia

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2017

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vol. 27

21-35

EN

The old Dutch mits (‘if and only if’) seems to experience a revival in usage: conjunction, preposition, autonomous, elliptical. In this article we analyse two participle constructions, one old Bible verse translated into Dutch in the 16th century, one over 200 year old French sentence about sparagrass, translated in a Flemish newspaper in 2016. Mits seems to come in handy to steer the meaning of participle constructions, which aren’t that common (anymore) in contemporary Dutch. Here, too, the ‘semantic regularity’ in ‘mits’-constructions Daalder wrote about, is kept intact.

16

О конъюнктивном употреблении разделительных союзов (на материале польского и русского языков)

75%

Kiklewicz A.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2021

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vol. 2

433-458

EN

The author considers the problem of conjunctive use of disjunctive conjunctions in the perspective of functional grammar. In the first part of the article, the author verifies the logical approach to conjunctions, especially disjunctive conjunctions. The linguistic meaning of a conjunction is defined as information on the credibility or applicability of a (semantically) compound sentence under condition [10, 01], which means an alternative participation of referents in the described situation. In the following chapters, the author analyzes several language facts, namely sentences that contain a disjunctive relationship and which nevertheless express the general meaning of conjunction. The author explains these phenomena by the fact that in such sentences there are the types of configurations of conjunction with the exponents of other semantic categories: quantification and modality.

17

Jednostka leksykalna барем i jej polskie odpowiedniki — próba analizy semantycznej i składniowej (na podstawie przekładów prozy macedońskiej na język polski i polskiej na język macedoński)

63%

Błaszak M.

Slavica Wratislaviensia

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2017

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vol. 165

49-56

EN

This study aims to show what semantic and syntactic features has alexical unit барем in the contemporary Macedonian language. On the basis of confrontation of meaning and scope of the use of the tested particles in Polish and Macedonian, the author points to the similarities and differences in both languages. The results of the analysis show that Polish has richer lexical inventory. They show the versatility of particle барем in Macedonian and also prove that барем is one-segment lexical unit, which is used as aparticle in the sentences and has no homonyms in Macedonian.

MK

Овaа статија има за цел да го покаже какви карактеристични функции — семантички и синтаксички има зборот барем во современиот македонски јазик. Врз основа на конфронтација на значењето и опсегот на употребата на испитуваната честичка во полски имакедонски јазик, авторката ги укажува сличностите и разликите во двата јазика. Резултатите од анализата покажуваат побогат инвентар во полската лексика и, исто така, флексибилност на честичката барем во македонскиот јазик и докажуваат дека барем е еден сегмент лексички единици, кои служат во реченицата само како честичка, нема хомоними во македонски јазик.

18

Spójnik tudzież translatem funktorów w logice formalnej

63%

Magner E.

Edukacja Filozoficzna

|

2018

|

issue 66

7-25

PL

Poszukując najlepszych odpowiedników z języka naturalnego dla funktorów logicznych swoją uwagę zwróciłam na spójnik tudzież. Jego normatywnymi synonimami są: i, oraz, a także. Spójnik tudzież nadaje się na odpowiednik funktora koniunkcji w logice. Jednak można wskazać także przykłady z różnych tekstów, w których tudzież jest używany w znaczeniu: lub, albo. W tych niepoprawnych użyciach tudzież jest odpowiednikiem zarówno alternatywy zwykłej jak i rozłącznej.

EN

Looking for the best natural language equivalents to various functors in logic, I turned my attention to the Polish connective “tudzież” (equivalent to “as well as” in English). Its normative synonyms are “i”, “oraz”, “a także” (equivalent to “and” or “also” in English). The Polish connective “tudzież” may be a suitable equivalent to the functor of conjunction in logic. However, one can also point out examples in various texts in which “tudzież” is used, meaning “lub”, “albo” (equivalents to the inclusive and exclusive “or” in English). Incorrectly used in this way, “tudzież” is the equivalent of both inclusive and exclusive disjunction.

19

Koniunkcja i zdanie z czasownikiem egzystencjalnym – o quasi-tautologicznej konstrukcji typu Są przyjaciele i przyjaciele

63%

Żabowska M.

Prace Językoznawcze

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2020

|

issue XXII/3

245–259

PL

Artykuł przedstawia opis quasi-tautologicznej konstrukcji jest (bywa) _i i _i, którego egzemplifikację stanowi zdanie Są przyjaciele i przyjaciele. W odróżnieniu od wcześniejszych prac na temat takich połączeń, analiza koncentruje się na autentycznych wypowiedziach mówionych. W artykule analizuję właściwości semantyczne takich konstrukcji na tle funkcji koniunkcji i zdania egzystencjalnego. W tym celu wykorzystano paradygmat językoznawstwa strukturalnego jako rygorystyczny model opisu znaczenia. Artykuł prezentuje, w jaki sposób można wykorzystać do opisu analizowanej konstrukcji semantyczne funkcje koniunkcji i reiteracji. Jak wykazano, opisywana konstrukcja: (i) nie konstytuuje ani zdania egzystencjalnego (quasi-ontologicznego), ani zdania uniwersalnego; (ii) jej funkcją jest kontrastowanie obiektów pojęciowych. Uzasadniam, że konsekwencją tej funkcji analizowanej konstrukcji jest ograniczony zestaw wchodzących w jej skład czasowników (por. jest, bywa), a także stała liczba iterowanych elementów (wyłącznie dwa). Ponadto operacja kontrastowania może wywoływać pragmatyczny efekt hierarchizowania składników. Na podstawie tych spostrzeżeń, ze względu na to, że wszystkie wskazane własności można sprowadzić do właściwości semantycznych koniunkcji i repetycji, uznaję tę konstrukcję za produkt językowy, a nie za leksykalną jednostkę języka.

EN

The article describes the quasi-tautological construction jest (bywa) _i i _i in Polish exemplified by Są przyjaciele i przyjaciele [There are friends and friends]. Unlike previous accounts dealing with the structure, the analysis here concentrates on authentic spoken utterances. It concerns semantic features of these expressions, which are juxtaposed with the functions of conjunction and existential clause. For that purpose, the paradigm of structural linguistics as a rigoroust model of describing meaning is employed. The article illustrates how the semantic functions of conjunction and reiteration can be exploited when describing the analysed construction. As shown, (i) the construction is neither an existential (quasi-ontological) nor universal clause, (ii) its function is to contrast the conceptual objects. It is argued that this function results in the limited set of verbs inserted in it (cf. jest, bywa [there is, there happens to be]) and a constant numer of the iterated elements (only two). Additionally, contrasting can produce a pragmatic effect of hierarchization of the components. On the basic of this observation, since all those effects are attributable to semantic features of conjunction and reiteration, the scrutinised construction is identified as a linguistic product, not as a lexical unit of language.

20

K existenci nominativních prepozic v češtině

63%

Vondráček M.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

|

2020

|

vol. 103

|

issue 1-2

144-161

EN

The paper deals with words that precede the noun in the nominative form in Czech. It evaluates them in terms of parts of speech with regard to the functions that these words realize. It focuses on words of non-Czech origin that are classified (more or less traditionally) as nominative prepositions (kontra, versus, à la, via). It analogously treats other words from Czech which perform similar functions in the sentence. The author poses the question of whether it is theoretically possible for a preposition to be associated with the nominative, to determine it, to demand it. The answer is negative. The author concludes that the contra versus expressions are not prepositions, but conjunctions, and proposes that other verbal forms should be evaluated as particles. Some can be considered text structuring particles (ad, viz ‘see’, srov. ‘cf.’), others prenominative particles (via). The function of these words is to be a signal of nominative for naming, which is effective in communication.

Refine search results

O szczególnej pozycji spójnikowych predykatów asocjatywnych

The development of conjunction use in advanced L2 speech

Spójnik „czy” – koniunkcja

Certain Issues With the Commutativity of the Connective “i”

The development of conjunction use in advanced L2 speech

O godzeniu przeciwieństw – funkcja wyrażeń jednocześnie i zarazem w języku naturalnym oraz w testowaniu hipotez semantycznych

O dwóch metatekstowych jednostkach: „zaś" i „natomiast"

On so-called "conjunctions" in English

The development of cohesion in a learner corpus

The development of cohesion in a learner corpus

Interpretation formulas for conjunctions and particles in the explanatory Ukrainian language dictionary

The mereology of structural universals

Bo – bowiem – albowiem. Między spójnikiem a partykułą

Spójnik I… i…

Mits wroeginge der conscientien: het voorwaardelijk voorzetsel ‘mits’ al in de zestiende eeuw

О конъюнктивном употреблении разделительных союзов (на материале польского и русского языков)

Jednostka leksykalna барем i jej polskie odpowiedniki — próba analizy semantycznej i składniowej (na podstawie przekładów prozy macedońskiej na język polski i polskiej na język macedoński)

Spójnik tudzież translatem funktorów w logice formalnej

Koniunkcja i zdanie z czasownikiem egzystencjalnym – o quasi-tautologicznej konstrukcji typu Są przyjaciele i przyjaciele

K existenci nominativních prepozic v češtině