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EN
In Mongolia, private companies were created through privatization during the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the development of private enterprises in Mongolia. While the role of the private sector in the economy has grown considerably, it still faces many constraints, such as economic instability, poor infrastructure, weak institutions, corruption etc.
PL
W Mongolii prywatne przedsiębiorstwa powstawały poprzez prywatyzację w czasie transformacji od gospodarki centralnie planowanej do rynkowej. Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza uwarunkowań rozwoju sektora przedsiębiorstw prywatnych w Mongolii. Rola sektora prywatnego w gospodarce wciąż wzrasta, jednakże napotyka on liczne przeszkody, takie jak brak stabilizacji gospodarki, niedorozwój infrastruktury, słabe instytucje państwowe, korupcja itp. Ocena wpływu tych czynników na rozwój sektora przedsiębiorstw została szczegółowo opisana w artykule.
Linguaculture
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2010
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vol. 2010
|
issue 1
3-23
EN
The occurrence of the verbal ending -s with non-3rd person singular subjects is a frequent phenomenon in varieties of English worldwide. It has been attested to fulfil a wide range of functions in addition to its Standard English use as a person-number marker. This paper is to characterize the various factors which condition the use of nonstandard verbal -s. It will discuss their areal distribution and give an account of the frequency with which each of the conditioning factors is attested. Based on this characterization, a group of core constraints will be isolated, the specific character of which will be shown to have facilitated their stability, endurance and spread.
PL
Artykuł omawia możliwości ograniczania akcji protestacyjnych. Wskazuje unormowania Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, umów międzynarodowych i ustaw regulujących stany nadzwyczajne oraz możliwość samoograniczenia stron sporu zbiorowego.
EN
The article elaborates the possibility of constraint of industrial actions. The article indicates regulation of The Constitution of The Polish Republic, international agreements and states of emergency legislation and possibility of self-restraint a sides of collective dispute.
EN
Background: Intramax is a hierarchical aggregation procedure for dealing with the multi-level specification problem and with the association issue of data set reduction, but it was used as a functional regionalization procedure many times in the past. Objectives: In this paper, we analyse the simultaneous use of three different constraints in the original Intramax procedure, i.e. the contiguity constraint, the higher-inner-flows constraint, and the lower-variation-of-inner-flows constraint. Methods/Approach: The inclusion of constraints in the Intramax procedure was analysed by a programme code developed in Mathematica 10.3 by the processing time, by intra-regional shares of total flows, by self-containment indexes, by numbers of singleton and isolated regions, by the number of aggregation steps where a combination of constraints was applied, by the number of searching steps until the combination of constraints was satisfied, and by surveying the results geographically. Results: The use of the contiguity constraint is important only at the beginning of the aggregation procedure; the higher-inner-flows constraint gives singleton regions, and the lower-variation constraint forces the biggest employment centre as an isolated region up to a relatively high level of aggregation. Conclusions: The original Intramax procedure (without the inclusion of any constraint) gives the most balanced and operative hierarchical sets of functional regions without any singletons or isolated regions.
EN
This article aimed to discover the attitudes of Iranian male university students toward sport and exercise. This study is based on the same research as another published paper regarding the attitudes of Iranian female students toward sport and exercise. Participants (N = 821) were selected from different educational levels and fields of study from among 12 public universities. Data were collected by a modified and developed version of Kenyon's scale (1968), which measures the attitudes of people toward physical activity. For the analysis of the data, independent sample t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were employed (p < 0.05). The results indicated that the attitudes of the respondents can be identified as fitness (3.96 ± 1.02), catharsis (3.84 ± 0.80), social (3.82 ± 1.10), aesthetic (3.03 ± 1.14), vertigo (2.15 ± 1.16), and ascetic (2.07 ± 0.79). Furthermore, it was found that various demographic and social characteristics affected participants' attitudes toward sport and exercise (p < 0.05). Based on the results, it was concluded that the sport programs should be organized around students' dominant attitudes toward regular activities. In addition, planning and organizing sport programs with regard to the wide attitudinal differences between male and female students could be a big step toward improving students' participation rate in sporting activities at Iranian universities.
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Semiotyka twarzy kata i ofiary

51%
EN
Semiotics of the hangman and victim’s faces Murderous ideologies drive and fabricate innumerable forms of social falsehood. One of the objects of the perfidious falsification of reality generated in the totalitarian system is the human face. Drawing on classics of Polish and world cinema, and also on the memory of culture, Marek Hendrykowskis study contains a semiotic analysis of the deep structures of images, which present the executioner-victim based on violence executioner as a variant of inter-human relations in totalitarian systems.
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