The article contains interpretations of verses written by Marta Podgórnik during last twenty years (1996-2016). This analysis of Silesian writer’s poetry lead to recognitions of aspects, themes, images, particularites it includes. Podgórnik creates pictures of unsubmissive and indyvidualistic women, which must exist out of main discourses: patriarchal and feministic. But the most important in this poetry is language used for poetic but subversive descriptions of painful experiences, also by using intertextual references.
The paper focuses on the connection between reading and interpretation crisis and the way of teaching literature at Slovak schools. It concentrates on the Slovak Gymnasiums and aims at pointing out the opportunities for improvement of the obligatory pedagogical documentation at the schools. In addition, it puts empha-sis on the importance of evaluating and interpreting texts which, actually, are frequently neglected because of an inadequate and outdated stress put at memo-rizing and reproduction of encyclopedic information. Consequently, from this broader perspective, it deals with the issue of teaching contemporary Slovak poetry at Gymnasiums and analyzes the possibilities and advantages of its presenta-tion to the students.
The paper presents several ways of transition in a poem, from landscape lyric poetry to philosophical reflection and pondering on human life. The research material included selected pieces by Vladimir Beriazev who is a contemporary Siberian poet. In the course of the analysis, certain characteristic features of poetic strategies were observed, such as coloring manipulation and recurring images.
Contemporary interdisciplinary research on human emotions makes questionable for good one of the key axioms of cognition: the axiom of autonomy and the primacy ratio. The weaker version by those research thesis of the autonomy of reason are “suspicious”. These suspicions cannot be treated similarly to the “Freudian suspicion”. Cognitive studies, focused on cognitive processes, including the processes of memory (and memory function), have demonstrated both disturbingly close (with the traditional perspective) correlation between the “irrational” and “rational” and the indispensability of “irrational” for the functioning of the “rational”. Couldn't be considered that these studies do not exist it would be ignoring a significant part of modern knowledge about man. The results of this knowledge to make us reflect a new on the basic insignia, and hierarchies, in force in our culture. By those studies much of it appears to be a “alexithymic culture”... and it is not indifferent either to individuals or communities. Nor for the humanity sciences: if the passions and emotions, traditionally are placed below reflection, are directly related to what and how we learn, what and how we remember, finally, as We recall (and if We remember)... then the question of Maria Janion: do you know that you eperienced? loses the melancholy figure, becomes a dramatic question.
Poetry analysis is never easy. Especially when someone’s literary output is observed and read from a perspective of few thousands kilometers and completely different cultural and philo-sophical background. Such situation takes place when one attempts to read Wisława Szymborska’s poetry in Japan. Language and literature specialists are able to trace numerous connections between her texts and their own reading experience; but for students who have just learned Polish and attempt to become familiar with our culture it is an outstanding chal-lenge. They have to conquer the barrier of language, culture and poetical presentation. But when they do that, their adventure with Polish poetry is just about to begin.
The article discusses the issue of the sacred in contemporary German poetry, basing on selected psalm poems by Reiner Kunze, Ralf Rothmann, Wilhelm Willms and Eva Zeller. A theoretical basis for the present study is provided by the work of Rudolf Otto, together with some conclusions made by Polish and German literary scholars who have dealt with the issue. The objective is to look at the ways in which the sacred constitutes itself in a literary work on the planes of the vocabulary, thematic content and axiology. The author has attempted to demonstrate a correspondence between the semantic aspect of the text and the sphere of the sacred. The latter is understood, first, as the transcendent – more precisely as the divine, tending towards the absolute, and secondly – as a form of beliefs related to a particular religion, in this case – to Christianity. The egocentric method assumes that the sacred is inherent in a literary text itself, while the phenomenological approach enables observation of the phenomenon of the sacred in the text without being conditioned by any particular religion.
PL
Artykuł został poświęcony zagadnieniu sacrum we współczesnej poezji niemieckiej na przykładzie wierszy-psalmów Reinera Kunze, Ralfa Rothmanna, Wilhelma Willmsa i Evy Zeller. Podstawę teoretyczną niniejszego szkicu stanowi dzieło Rudolfa Otto oraz ustalenia współczesnych literaturoznawców zarówno polskich, jak i niemieckich zajmujących się omawianą tematyką. Celem rozważań jest prześledzenie sposobu konstytuowania się sacrum w dziele literackim na płaszczyźnie słownictwa, tematyki i aksjologii. Autorka stara się ukazać odniesienie semantycznej wymowy dzieła do sfery sacrum, rozumianego najpierw jako to, co transcendentne, w ujęciu węższym jako święte, wskazujące na absolut, aż wreszcie przybierające postać przeświadczeń związanych z daną religią, w tym wypadku chrześcijańską. Metoda ergocentryczna zakłada, że sacrum jest obecne w samym tekście literackim, a podejście fenomenologiczne pozwala na nieuwarunkowaną wyznaniowo obserwację fenomenu sacrum w utworze.
The aim of this comparative article is to present the similarity of the poetic concepts of Antonio Colinas and Zbigniew Herbert. The poets did not know each other, there are no traces of mutual influences to be found in their poetic output either, however, they both seemed to be equally connected with the Mediterranean culture. This article concentrates on the meaning of silence in their poetry seen as a necessary supplement to the art of words, hope for saving the sense from ambiguity and hubbub of words. The insufficiency of both the accessible language and silence inspired the poets to seek a form of expression that could satisfy human needs, “the unattainable language.” The search, between the word and silence, is manifested in the poetic works of Colinas and Herbert.
The aim of this comparative article is to present the similarity of the poetic concepts of Antonio Colinas and Zbigniew Herbert. The poets did not know each other, there are no traces of mutual influences to be found in their poetic output either, however, they both seemed to be equally connected with the Mediterranean culture. This article concentrates on the meaning of silence in their poetry seen as a necessary supplement to the art of words, hope for saving the sense from ambiguity and hubbub of words. The insufficiency of both the accessible language and silence inspired the poets to seek a form of expression that could satisfy human needs, “the unattainable language.” The search, between the word and silence, is manifested in the poetic works of Colinas and Herbert.
The Hungarian-born English contemporary poet George Szirtes has written several times about two traumas of his family history: the Holocaust, which both his parents survived, while several of their relatives perished, and the Revolution of 1956, which forced them into exile. My paper focuses on two major narratives about Szirtes’s mother: a cycle of poems “Metro” (1988) and a biography in prose The Photographer at Sixteen (2019). Exploring the differences in perspective and form as well as the similarities in themes and structure, I seek the answer to the questions how one’s own memories are intertwined with the past of the communities where one belongs; how these controversial sets of memories might lead to internal conflicts; and how the memory of one’s predecessors are being transformed by the process of the speaker’s own transformation in the time span of three decades. Investigating these aspects, I argue that Marianne Hirsch’s concept of postmemory not only proves to be instrumental in understanding several books by Szirtes better but also that Szirtes goes one step further than Hirsch by revealing how individual memory not only is embedded into and influenced by communal memory, but also is constructed in the form of family memories passed on from one generation to the next.
The article is devoted to selected descriptions of the body in contemporary poetry, indicating the emergence of a reflection on the possibility of the actual experience of someone else's flesh in connection with the characteristic of the latest expansion of the culture of different images of human physicality. Tadeusz Różewicz's and Marcin Baran's poetic reflection (poets who are divided by one generation) reveals their common sense of difficulty concerning fulfillment arise from the close proximity of others. The discussed poem, in the article, by Czesław Miłosz concerns the vision of bodily rapprochement that transforms not only lovers but also the world around them. Important for the above examples is the conviction of the need to search for a language that would allow to write about these experiences (and, therefore, they often use this characteristic approach of poetic inexpressibility).
The article discusses the issue of textile metaphor and its function in Stanisław Barańczak’s poetry – a topic that used to be discussed mainly in relation to women’s poetry. In his poems, Barańczak uses elements of garments as a means to capture abstract and often dangerous aspects of existence and as a symbol of a system or a characteristic of citizens living in a specific time. Textile metaphor allows him to expose the falsehood of the system and the threat of totalitarianism, while also constituting part of a dissident’s everyday equipment. References to parts of garments are a way to present the poetic programme and the ambiguous role of an artist. In a ‘disguised’ and dangerous world of poetry marked by a secret difficultto ‘uncover’, one is, in a way, sentenced to dress against the requirements imposed on them by reality.
The theme of the text is the connection between the inspiration of the artists,for example poets, and their emotional states. The purpose of the text is to indicate the role of emotions in creative work. The subject of the analysis is the film Wojaczek made by Lech Majewski from 1999, about the young Polish poet – Rafał Wojaczek (1945-1971).
PL
The theme of the text is the connection between the inspiration of the artists, for example poets, and their emotional states. The purpose of the text is to indicate the role of emotions in creative work. The subject of the analysis is the film Wojaczek made by Lech Majewski from 1999, about the young Polish poet – Rafał Wojaczek (1945-1971).
This paper deals with the problems of time and temporality in the poetry of Bogusława Latawiec ranging from one of her first volumes of poetry (Przestrzenie [Spaces ], 1975) to the recently released Zmowy [Collusions] (2015). The passage of time, various ways of perceiving and sensing it are the overarching themes of her oeuvre (both prose and poetry). Her poetry, characterized by a remarkable linguistic discipline, a skillful use of formal devices and a close connection between the images and the sonic layer of her poems, highlights the importance of linking the experience of time and its passage with the issues of subjectivity and identity. Personal time converges here with historical, physical and mechanical time. It gains a material dimension: it becomes measurable and even tangible. This is noticeable in the poet’s latest minor volumes: Gdyby czas był ziemią [If time was the Earth ] (2011) and in Zmowy [Collusions ] (2015).
The paper investigates manners of linguistic description of psychosomatic, autobiographically interpreted experience in contemporary women’s poetry, which is analyzed in the context of the poetics of the moment, with reference to Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht’s concept of “poetry as a mode of attention.” The authoress is particularly interested in the figure of paronomasia, evoking homonymic, parallel spheres: the material and the transcendental one. The article contains close reading interpretations of poems by, among others, Krystyna Miłobędzka, Teresa Ferenc, Bogusława Latawiec and Ludmiła Marjańska, in which paronomasia introduces the reader into a dual dimension of existence, both anchoring the subject in the physical, bodily reality and provoking metaphysical questions.
The article shows the functioning of concrete poetry in the sphere dominated by techno-logical solutions, being characteristic of the culture associated with new media. Sub-jected to analysis and interpretation is the multimedia performance by Marcin Dymiter and Ludomir Franczak, who combined Polish, Czech and German literary texts with electronic music. In their vision, the life of concrete poetry develops in the dimension of the contemporary urban subculture and in the world of sound generated by various types of apparatus. The relationship between poetry and music abounds in various defects and interfer-ences, which are a deliberate effect introduced by of the authors of this artistic experi-ment. The broad range of rustles and murmurs draw on the sound tradition of modern poetry, as well as industrial music. The performance exposes the symbolic meaning of the emission of sound coming into interaction with poetic text.
The paper aims at presenting an attempt to interpret Ivan Zhdanov’s poetry in the context of neotraditionalism. This literary project, founded by Valery Tiupa, is based on the idea of dialogue by Mikhail Bakhtin as well as philosophy of personalism by Martin Buber, Nikolai Berdyaev, Emmanuel Levinas. In contrast to postmodernism, neotraditionalism takes an attempt to restore the value and esteem to widely understood cultural tradition (especially Mediterranean and Christian cultures).
Lullaby, used as a form of contemporary poetry, loses its real, situational references, which was keeping in the folk literature and partly in the literature for children. Transfer of the speech genre in the realm of literary means an increased degree of metaphoricalness of communication. Lullaby as transgenre enter into connections with a threnody, an elegy, lament, haiku (e.g. in poetry of Eugeniusz Tkaczyszyn–Dycki, Wojciech Kass, Zbigniew Herbert). Lullaby as a occasional literature is also understood otherwise — a species is becoming an opportunity to present themselves entity, indicate antinomity of the world, genological camouflage, though its relationship with the dream themes still exists. Folk patterns are undergoing artistic and literary modifications, structural and semantic transformations, and the function of text is changing (e. g. in poetry of Teresa Ferenc, Anna Janko, Anna Kamieńska, Ernest Bryll, Józef Baran, Julia Hartwig, Adam Zagajewski).
This article considers the Anthropocene, global warming, and climate catastrophe as special challenges for humanity and as literary themes in contemporary poetry. In poems written by women during the last few years, these problems are presented in ways that transform our common perception and collective emotions. Interpretation of texts (written by Ewa Lipska, Marzanna Bogumiła Kielar, Julia Fiedorczuk, Urszula Zajączkowska, Justyna Bargielska, Ilona Witkowska, Małgorzata Lebda) lead to wider‑ranging results: the Anthropocene, as probably the last epoch in the history of the human world, must be perceived as a specific call for restorative activities for individuals and all mankind.
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Głównym celem artykułu są rozważania poświęcone antropocenowi, globalnemu ociepleniu i katastrofie klimatycznej pojmowanym jako wyjątkowe wyzwanie dla ludzkości oraz literacki temat w najnowszej poezji. W wierszach pisanych przez poetki w ciągu ostatnich kilku lat ta problematyka została podjęta na różne sposoby, prowadzące jednak do przeobrażeń wspólnotowej świadomości i zbiorowych emocji. Interpretacje utworów (pisanych m.in. przez Ewę Lipską, Marzannę Bogumiłę Kielar, Julię Fiedorczuk, Urszulę Zajączkowską, Justynę Bargielską, Ilonę Witkowską, Małgorzatę Lebdę) wiodą do szerzej zakrojonych wniosków: antropocen, jako być może ostatnia epoka w dziejach znanego nam świata, musi być traktowany jako szczególne wezwanie do ratowniczych działań, tak dla jednostek, jak i całego rodzaju ludzkiego.
Rozważania koncentrują się wokół problemów poetyki tekstów Jarosława Marka Rymkiewicza pochodzących ze zbioru „Zachód słońca w Milanówku”. Szczególnie interesujące wydaje się być, strategiczne w założeniu, połączenie struktury wierszowej, rażącej wręcz banalnością, z takąż samą najczęściej, szeroko rozumianą warstwą stylistyczną oraz eschatologiczną tematyką. W artykule próbuje się wykazać sensowność i celowość połączenia nadmiernie prostej formy z „wysoką” nutą podejmowanej problematyki, oscylującej wokół spraw ostatecznych - przemijania, śmierci, starości. Autorka jest skłonna uznać tego typu zabiegi za współczesny sposób prezentacji - pełen dystansu, ironii/autoironii - tematów ważkich, lecz powtarzalnych. To jakby poetycka samoobrona przed trywialnością: poprzez maksymalne ujawnianie banału – odejście od banału.
EN
The garden of poetic tradition. Some remarks on the "Sunset in Milanówek" by Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz The considerations revolve around the issues of the poeticsof the texts by Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz from his collection “Sunset in Milanówek”. Particularly interesting is the strategic connection of the poetic structure of the line, blatantly banal, with the same broadly defined stylistic aspect and eschatological themes. The article tries to show the wisdom and desirability of combining the overly simple form with the "high" note of the subject matter, oscillating around issues of final character – passing, death, old age. The author is willing to consider such actions as a modern method of presentation – distanced, full of irony /self-depreciation – weighty topics, but repetitive. It is like a poetic defence against the trivial: through the maximum disclosure of banality – adeparture from the banality.
Artykuł przybliża „matematyczny” tomik poezji Anny Błachuckiej Styczna do krzywej myśli. Zbiór, napisany przez uzdolnioną literacko emerytowaną nauczycielkę matematyki, w oryginalny sposób pokazuje związki pomiędzy matematyką i codziennym życiem, matematyką i filozofią, matematyką i polityką, wreszcie matematyką i muzyką. Tom jest zróżnicowany pod względem gatunkowym; wypełniają go fraszki, limeryki, anegdoty oraz sonety. Wiele utworów wyposażono w objaśniające ilustracje, wykonane przez Edwarda Traczyńskiego oraz uczennicę autorki, Karolinę Dobosz. Błachucka, poetka ziemi świętokrzyskiej – o czym świadczy analizowany tomik – ma ogromne poczucie humoru, często sięga po ironię, efekt komiczny osiąga dzięki homonimii wyrazowej czy paronomazji.
EN
Article approaching ‘mathematical’ book of poetry by Anna Błachucka Styczna do krzywej myśli [Tangent to the curve thoughts]. Collection, written by talented literary retired math teacher, in an original way shows the relationship between mathematics and everyday life, mathematics and philosophy, mathematics and politics, finally, mathematics and music. Tom is diverse in terms of genre. They fill it epigrams, limericks, anecdotes and sonnets. Many tracks are equipped with explanatory illustrations, made by Edward Traczyński and the author’s student Karolina Dobosz. Błachucka, poetess of the Świetorzyski Region, has a great sense of humor, often reaches ironically, the comic effect is achieved thanks to the homonym or punning.
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