Search results - CEJSH

1

An overview of contextual variables in the analysis of conflict with an example of their operation in literary discourse

100%

Bobin J.

Annales Neophilologiarum

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2012

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issue 6

87-105

EN

Context and meaning are dynamie phenomena, constructed in interaction. Interac-tants cooperate in constructing context, which involves various social, psychological and cognitive factors that determine what is said and what is understood during an ex-change. In this article, the data for analysis is a selection of two sample conflictive ex-changes between father and his grown-up son presented in American play Fences by August Wilson. These conflicts are freąuently heated, irrational spirals. Therefore, par-ticular attention will be devoted to the mental context of the language used in these conflicts and its relation to the choice of conflict strategies. The internal (mental) con-text will be analyzed in terms of the participants’ cognitive-affective-conative system; that is, e.g. how the interactants’ knowledge, perception or attention can trigger conflict through false assumptions about each other’s lives, denial of certain facts or lack of information; how the interactants’ emotions, personalities, needs etc. contribute to the development of conflict when they are incompatible or mutually exclusive; and how the conflict participants’ verbal behavior relates to their motivations and goals, such as instrumental or relational goals, either explicitly stated or deliberately obscured. Another important set of contextual variables are those of the external (social and his-torical) context such as the participants’ power, distance or gender, and the spatio-temporal frame. Additionally, the multidimensional role of context in the production and reception of a literary text will be looked at, as the various contexts are in constant interaction.

PL

Artykuł jest próbą ukazania, jak ważną rolę w konstruowaniu znaczenia w in-terakcji odgrywa kontekst. Przyjęto założenie, że szeroko pojęty kontekst jako suma czynników społecznych, psychologicznych i mentalnych (kognitywnych) niejednokrot-nie decyduje o tym, jak (błędnie) są interpretowane wypowiedzi - a to prowadzi do konfliktu. Na przykładzie dwóch fragmentów z dramatu Augusta Wilsona pt. Fences dokonano krótkiej analizy konfliktu między ojcem a synem, ze szczególnym uwzględ-nieniem kontekstu mentalnego jako systemu kognitywno-afektywno-konatywnego. Poza tradycyjnym ujęciem kontekstu jako tła społeczno-kulturowego wydarzeń ukazano min., jak różnice w postrzeganiu i rozumieniu zdarzeń, niewiedza lub wyparcie faktów mogą wywołać konflikt, jakie znaczenie mają emocje oraz osobowość uczestników konfliktu. Artykuł zawiera również podsumowanie podejść do zagadnienia kontekstu w literaturze oraz charakterystykę oddziaływania różnych rodzajów kontekstu w tekście literackim.

2

Charakterystyka wzajemnych powiązań tekstu z dyskursem

100%

Płowens J.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2017

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issue 23

61-74

EN

The paper aims to explain the interconnections between text and discourse. It presents some views on discourse and text, and concludes that discourse has the superior and multicodal character in relation to text. An assumption is made that text has a dual nature; it is a product of language, and part of communication. Moreover, the author makes an attempt to describe the role of context as a kind of mechanism which links the level of text with the area of discourse, thus rendering the text comprehensible. In addition, the paper emphasizes the cognitive processes involved in the comprehension of text through context.

3

Context and Animacy Play a Role in Dynamic Decision-Making

100%

Osman M., Ananiadis-Basias A.

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation

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2013

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vol. 9

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issue 2

61-78

EN

Perception, judgment, and reasoning are all processes that are sensitive to cues to animacy (i.e. the presence of signals that indicate an object behaves as if it has intentions and internal goals). The present study investigated the following question: Does animacy facilitate decision-making in a dynamic control system? To address this, the present study used a dynamic decision-making task and compared behavior in four different contexts (Abstract, Animate-Social, Inanimate-Social, Inanimate-Non-social). Participants were randomly allocated to one of these contexts, and in each version they were required to learn to manipulate variables in order to bring the dynamic system to a desirable state and maintain it at that level. The findings suggest that it is not animacy per se that facilitates decision-making behavior, but rather the presence of a context. However, animacy made an impact on the type of strategic behavior implemented when interacting with the dynamic system. We argue that context induces general beliefs about causal relationships in dynamic environments that generalize across animate as well as inanimate contexts.

4

Korpusbasierte Analyse vorgeformter Ausdrücke in natürlichen Gesprächen

100%

Schmale G.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2022

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issue 22

257-273

EN

Usage and function of prefabricated or phraseological expressions have so far been analyzed recurring to mainly written, often journalistic or literary language productions. Conversational form of usage and interactive aspects could therefore not been taken into account as they are accessible exclusively through the analysis of oral and dialogical corpora. This paper thus focuses on the study of sequences from German talk shows and other conversational corpora in order to shed light on different aspects of the use of prefabricated turns in naturally occurring conversations. Firstly, actually produced forms of phrasemes in everyday conversation are being analyzed, frequently differing from those lemmatized in dictionaries. Seconly, routine formulae, inextricably linked to specific communicative situations, are being defined as belonging to the class of phrasemes on behalf of their polyfactoriality even when they are monolexical. The central section of the paper then deals with the interactive conversational treatment of idiomatic expressions as one important category of phrasemes via the conversational activities of participants: rephrasals and paraphrases of different kinds, play on words or idioms or else cumulative use of idioms in mainly final phases of sequences or conversations. However, some of them also remain untreated so that the analyst cannot conclude to an adequate semantic interpretation by the recipient. Quite frequently, nevertheless, contextual elements of a semantic and/or thematic nature make an appropriate interpretation reasonably likely. Based on these considerations the paper finally formulates necessary consequences for linguistics in general, for lexicology and lexicography as well as foreign language teaching.

5

Suppression of literal meanings in L2 idiom processing: Does context help?

100%

Cieślicka A.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2011

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vol. 1

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issue 1

13-36

EN

This article explores the potential offered by complexity theories for understanding language learners’ sense of self and attempts to show how the self might usefully be conceived of as a complex dynamic system. Rather than presenting empirical findings, the article discusses existent research on the self and aims at outlining a conceptual perspective that may inform future studies into the self and possibly other individual learner differences. The article concludes by critically considering the merits of a complexity perspective but also reflecting on the challenges it poses for research.

6

Мова i закон: контроверсiї та маніпуляцiї в українському парламентському дискурci

100%

Романюк [Romaniuk] С. S.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2015

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vol. 50

EN

Language and the law. Controversies and manipulation in Ukrainian parliamentary discourseThis article presents the linguistic resources which Ukrainian parliament members use to form the controversial communiqués. I try to find out what characteristic phrases indicate manipulation of information. Examples are selected from speeches of different political groups of the seventh convocation in the Ukrainian parliament (Verkhovna Rada) on 4th July 2012, when the deputies were discussing the Principles of the State Language Policy Act, passed the previous day. To describe the issue in question, I use the method of critical discourse analysis. Język i prawo. Kontrowersje i manipulacje w ukraińskim dyskursie parlamentarnymPrezentowany artykuł jest próbą ustalenia, za pomocą jakich środków językowych posłowie parlamentu ukraińskiego formułują komunikat, który można uznać za kontrowersyjny. Próbuję ustalić, jakie charakterystyczne zwroty wskazują na manipulowanie informacją. Przykłady wyekscerpowano z przemówień przedstawicieli różnych grup politycznych na posiedzeniu Rady Najwyższej Ukrainy w dniu 4 lipca 2012 roku, podczas którego posłowie dyskutowali nad przyjętą poprzedniego dnia ustawą O zasadach polityki językowej. W analizie zastosowano metodę krytycznej analizy dyskursu.

7

ON THE CULTURAL ASPECTS OF TEXT AND CONTEXT IN THE GLOTTODIDACTIC PROCESS OF L2 LEARNERS

88%

Polok K.

Acta Neophilologica

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2013

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vol. XV/1

125-142

EN

The paper discusses various culture-connected forms of context that can be inferred from a text in the moment it is being dealt with. While presenting mutual counter-dependencies of language and culture the paper offers an analysis of culture-bound aspects of context as they are found to have been functioning from the point of view of one’s text comprehension. This is where the cognitive theory of language as offered by Ronald Langacker [2003] is briefly discussed and mutual forms of correspondence between the text-existing language and the context which comes out as a symbolic unit to be recognized as the cognitive basis of the (con)text-connected reality for the readers are analyzed. Finally, the paper discusses the forms of influence of various culture-connected issues of reasoning upon the linguistic forms of cognitive illustration of the approach towards the description of local environment as they are generally observed in different forms of L2 communication.

8

Not so individual after all: An ecological approach to age as an individual difference variable in a classroom

88%

Pfenninger S. E.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2017

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vol. 7

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issue 1

19-46

EN

The main goal of this paper is to analyze how the age factor behaves as an alleged individual difference (ID) variable in SLA by focusing on the influence that the learning context exerts on the dynamics of age of onset (AO). The results of several long-term classroom studies on age effects will be presented, in which I have empirically analyzed whether AO works similarly across settings and learners or whether it is influenced by characteristics of the setting and the learner—and if so, whether there are contextual variables that can help us understand why thoseoutcomes are different. Results of multilevel analyses indicate that macro-contextual factors (i.e., the wider school context) turn out to have a mediating effect on the relation between AO and L2 proficiency increase, exerting both positive and negative influences and thus suggesting that AO effects are malleable, which is what one would expect if we are dealing with an ID variable. In contrast, no such phenomenon can be observed in relation to lower contextual levels; learners within classes do not vary with regard to how sensitive they are to AO. Since the broader social environment in which learning takes place seems to be more influential than the cognitive state assumed to be a characteristic of the individual, I suggest that an ID model that assumes that age is a “fixed factor” (Ellis, 1994, p. 35) is not entirely satisfactory.

9

Teoria dyskursu wobec badań nad epistolografią. Analiza korespondencji Agnieszki Osieckiej i Jeremiego Przybory

88%

Paluch A.

Studia Slavica

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2014

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vol. 18

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issue 2

263-276

EN

A discourse can be variously defined. It is also used by different areas of science. Discourse analysis allows to see not only what is directly given in the text, but also what has had an influence upon its creation. Therefore, the theory of discourse, where the main foundation is its three-dimensionality (cognitive dimension, expresive dimension and interactive dimension), discourse's subjects and context, can be used as a method of epistolography research. An analysis of Agnieszka Osiecka's and Jeremy Przybora's correspondence from the position of a discourse's investigator will allow to acknowledge any intertextual links as well as those that arise from the context or the interaction: the relationship between subjects, their experience related to their private life, work, life experience, along with the surrounding reality while writing letters - travel, social meetings, attempts to define the relationship and its development.

10

LA MUJER EN LOS REFRANES DE DON QUIJOTE. ESTUDIO CONTRASTIVO DE LAS TRADUCCIONES RUMANAS

88%

TITI CĂLIN A.

Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies

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2014

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vol. 6

153-171

EN

This paper aims at investigating paremiological units from the Romanian translations of the novel Don Quixote de la Mancha, bearing in mind Cervantes‘ original text. The contrastive analysis is based on linguistics and translation studies, its main objectives being to indicate the changes resulting from the translation process and to pursue the conservation of the paremiological essence, highlighting incongruences deriving therefrom. We have considered the translation from 1969 done by Edgar Papu and Ion Frunzetti and the translation from 2004, by Sorin Mărculescu. Prior to these remarks, we also conducted a paremiological analysis (Pavel Ruxăndoiu, 2003). First of all, we mentioned the situational-generic context, that is, we pointed out what exactly generated the evocation of the proverb, which character used it and when. Secondly, we specified the functional context, namely, a pragmatic perspective at the level of speech, and finally, we examined the composition, from lexical, grammatical and stylistic points of view. The research was only confined to the proverbs whose central figure is the woman and since they synthesize every aspect of the life of a community, its fundamental attitudes, its relations with the world (Avram, 2011: 3), the role or status of women in the society of the time can be depicted in the proverbs about women used by Cervantes.

11

Doing things with questions. Interpreting in asylum settings

88%

Tužinská H.

Lud

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2019

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vol. 103

EN

The interpreter has the demanding task of “not creating a contradiction” by employing an identical concept in a different context. The classifications of the asylum applicant encounter the institutionally determined limits. Reliable verification of the applicant’s credibility is, however, dependent on knowledge of his/her local context and demands additional questioning. In this process, a denial of interlingual and intralingual complexity may be a source of invisible injustice (Spotti 2019:87-88). Both interpreting and interpretation is thus an inseparable part of the process in which police officers, decision-makers and judges, paraphrasing John L. Austin and John Searle, “do things with questions”. The author applies this interpretive framework to data from ethnographic research, which was conducted in Bratislava, Slovakia, in 2017-19, on interpreting for asylum applicants in the institutional settings. She elucidates the diversity of the standpoints - of refugees, court and ad hoc interpreters, representatives of the foreign police and of the migration office, as well as legal representatives from civic associations, referencing to relevant findings in linguistic and legal anthropology. In this article Helena Tužinská proposes that: (1) the discrepancies in the reports are conditioned by the context of interpreting, (2) participants “do things with questions”, and (3) inter-cultural interpretation can be a speech act.

12

BEZPIECZEŃSTWO INTELEKTUALNE (NA MARGINESIE ROZWAŻAŃ O BOGU I HISTORII)

88%

Dworak J.

Eunomia – Rozwój Zrównoważony – Sustainable Development

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2018

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issue 1(94)

127-136

EN

This article focuses on methodology, and the deliberations presented herein are ai-med at presenting how emergent phenomena are generated. A slightly different perspective on the idea of existence of God and on history leads to a conclusion that religion is more and more often replaced by history. This has its practical repercussions, as the lack of philosophical deba-tes regarding the impact of science on faith and transcendence hinders and sometimes even prevents intellectual development of the society. It is because discussions on abstract issues break mental barriers, thus opposing a schematic and stereotypical way of thinking. Post-modernism is characterised by the fact that more and more people with a limited knowledge express their views on issues of vital importance to the society. The conclusion: citizens of a democratic country who look out to the future should be inspired to hold discussions, debates and disputations, which will give them a sense of belonging to the society.

13

The Role of Context in Polysemy

88%

Kovács É.

Romanian Journal of English Studies

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2012

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vol. 9

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issue 1

60-69

EN

Polysemy, the phenomenon whereby a linguistic unit exhibits multiple distinct yet related meanings, has always been a topic of great interest for both lexical semanticists and lexicographers. The primary aim of this paper is to investigate what role context plays in the interpretation of the different senses of polysemous lexical items.

14

Prosody in Elicitations: A Study of Intonation in BBC Talk Radio Shows

88%

Herczeg-Deli Á.

Romanian Journal of English Studies

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2012

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vol. 9

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issue 1

38-48

EN

The paper is concerned with the prosodic features of non-literal language use in indirect elicitations in radio talk. It will be demonstrated how intonation becomes mirror of some contextual factors, and how the prosodic features of elicitations can corroborate the speaker’s meaning manifested through certain lexico-grammatical elements in the discourse.

15

Suppression of literal meanings in L2 idiom processing: Does context help?

88%

Cieślicka A. B.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2011

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vol. 1

|

issue 1

13-36

EN

Most current idiom processing models acknowledge, after Gernsbacher and Robertson (1999) that deriving an idiomatic meaning entails suppression of contextually inappropriate, literal meanings of idiom constituent words. While embedding idioms in the rich disambiguating context can promote earlier suppression of incompatible literal meanings, idioms embedded in the neutral context, favoring neither their literal nor figurative reading, are likely to become disambiguated much later in the course of their comprehension. The study reported in this paper investigates the role of context in suppressing irrelevant, literal meanings of idioms in the course of their processing by Polish proficient speakers of English. Ambiguous (literally plausible) English idioms were embedded in sentences which were either neutral (i.e., did not bias either the literal or figurative reading of the idiom, e.g., There was no need to add fuel to the fire) or figurative-biased (e.g., The chairman is in a bad mood so do not say anything, as this will only add fuel to the fire) and followed by targets related literally (e.g., HEAT) or figuratively (e.g., WORSE) to idiom meanings and displayed either immediately at idiom offset (0 ms) or after 300 ms. The self-paced reading paradigm was employed, in which participants first read the idiomatic sentences at their own pace and then made a lexical decision, i.e., decided if the displayed target string is a legitimate English word or not. Context was shown to play an important role in suppressing irrelevant meanings, but its effects were modulated by salience (prominence) of idioms’ literal meanings as well as the time that elapsed from the end of the sentence to the display of the target stimulus.

16

Adjektive aus pragmatischer Perspektive

88%

Rykalová G.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2023

|

issue 23

135-149

EN

From a pragmatic perspective, goaloriented communication focuses not only on the linguistic and situational context, but also on the speaker‘s intention and strategy. Using the example of three text excerpts, which represent three different text types, the aim of the article is to show which role adjectives play in different communication situations, which communicative purposes they are used for, and which functions they perform in different contexts. It is shown which linguistic and grammatical specifics lead to the fulfillment of a certain communication goal in connection with the intention of the text producer and the text function. Adjectives in contemporary German are examined from the action-oriented and function-oriented perspectives.

17

О некоторых параллелях в «детском» и «взрослом» творчестве Анны Русс

88%

Алешка Т.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Rossica

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2012

|

issue 5

156-163

EN

This article is devoted to the features of Anna Russ's poems for children and their compliance to poetics of this genre and parallels with her poems for adults.

18

Aspect indicators for deverbal nominals on different syntactic levels

88%

Heinold S.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2011

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vol. 47

683

EN

Recent literature on deverbal nominalisations has focused on the aspectual differences between nominal events expressed by the derivational morphology of the noun as well as the problems regarding their interpretation in natural language examples extracted from text corpora (Ehrich and Rapp 2000; Borer 2005; Spranger and Heid 2007; Alexiadou et al. 2009; Heinold 2010). It seems that the close syntactic environment of such event-NPs (like modifiers or embedding verbal constructions) are quite reliable as indicators for their aspectual properties. It is, however, uncertain in how far such contexts as well as the tense and aspect of the sentence interact with the aspectual information within the nominals themselves. This paper shortly introduces the lexical and morphological units in NPs and VPs which carry aspectual information. I present English, German and French data which show that in sentences where nominal and verbal event information interact different levels of aspect have to be kept apart in order to do justice to the subtle semantic differences of complex event situations.

19

Art in and out of context

88%

Ługowska A.

Heteroglossia - studia kulturoznawczo-filologiczne

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2019

|

issue 9

235-244

EN

This article discusses the role of context in arts and aesthetic theory and demonstrates that contextual analysis broadens our understanding of these two realms. It demonstrates a codification of an important controversy in aesthetic theory and arts between formalist and contextualist theories. It serves as a means to highlighting some moments in the development of aesthetics and arts that contributed to the rejection of old paradigms (disinterest theory, formalism) and instigated a move towards a more context-focused analyses of art and aesthetics.

20

The ability of young learners to construct word meaning in context

88%

Butler Y. G.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2020

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vol. 10

|

issue 3

547-578

EN

This study examines young English readers’ ability to infer word meanings in context and to use metacognitive knowledge for constructing word meanings in relation to their reading performance. The participants were 61 fourth-grade students in the United States, comprising 24 monolingual English-speaking (ME) students and 37 English-as-a-second-language (L2) students; each group was also divided into strong and emergent readers in English. Participants were asked to read aloud paragraphs containing words unfamiliar to them in two different contextual conditions (i.e., explicit and implicit conditions), to guess the unfamiliar word meanings, and to tell a teacher how they arrived at the inferred meanings. Quantitative analyses found significant differences between strong and emergent readers in their oral fluency as well as in their ability to infer word meanings and articulate their use of metacognitive knowledge. Although significant differences were found in the ability to infer word meanings and the use of metacognitive reasoning between ME and L2 students, such differences disappeared after controlling for the size of students’ receptive vocabulary. Qualitative analyses also revealed differences in the kinds of knowledge and strategies that strong and emergent readers relied on when constructing the meaning of unknown words in both explicit and implicit contexts.

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