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Zdenka Ribarova, Slavomira Ribarova, Češka gramatika s vježbama. – Zagreb: Porfirogenet, 2015.

100%
Fałowski P.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
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2017
|
vol. 66
130-134
2
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L’idea del passato nel passato in italiano e in polacco: il trapassato prossimo ed i suoi equivalenti semantici polacchi

100%
Mazzini M.
Italica Wratislaviensia
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2013
|
issue 4
85-97
EN
The article is dedicated to a comparative analysis of Verb’s grammar tenses in both Polish and Italian language. The essay examines the methods of expressing the dimension of the pluperfect tense (Italian trapassato prossimo) in the modern Polish language. Except only few verbs which maintained their pluperfect form, Polish as a language has evolved towards the phenomenon of lexicalization, which is possible to describe as replacing grammar constructions with lexical tools
3
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Semantyczna gramatyka kontrastywna arabsko-polska: nowe możliwości badawcze dla arabisty w XXI w.

88%
Król I.
Przegląd Orientalistyczny
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2014
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issue 3-4
138-148
EN
This paper is aimed at demonstrating that semantic-based contrastive analysis of Polish and Arabic can result in a new insight into the system of Arabic. Comparing Arabic with a language that is different both genetically and structurally, one can notice features that usually escape one’s attention. Discussing the categories of names of subjects and actions, this paper demonstrates that a comparison of the descriptions of analogous categories in Polish and Arabic grammar texts allows to cover more linguistic phenomena. It classifies derivatives according to the semantic criteria and takes into account all the possible means of expression – also those ignored by previous studies. This method makes it possible to demonstrate that in Arabic the so-called paradigmatic derivation is a highly productive word-formation technique, transforming adjectives and participles (both active and passive) into names of subjects, means, actions, places, objects, results and others. This analysis can serve as an introduction to theoretical studies that will be helpful in describing the Arabic language at all levels anew. It can also have practical application in teaching of Arabic particularly at Polish universities.
4
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Actual problems of contrastive grammar in the focus of pragmalinguistics

88%
Kovtun O.
Studia Rossica Posnaniensia
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2022
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vol. 47
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issue 2
181-196
EN
The term contrastive grammar is still ambiguous. In this paper we trace the unjustified synonymy of terms (confrontative grammar, comparative grammar, contrastive grammar) which lead to controversy among linguists and we attempt to introduce appropriate clarifications to explain the phenomenon. We can state that this linguistic direction is quite new, and its metalanguage is still in the process of development and formation. When studying contrastive grammar in the modern scientific functional-communicative paradigm, the focus of attention is directed to the issues of pragmalinguistics, that is the research, in addition to the actual meanings, of the semantics of linguistic units for designating objects of the environment, also the speech-thinking activity of speakers who use these units and listeners who interpret them; the possible situations of their application; the study of “language in context”; language research, taking into account the goal that is planned to be achieved in the communication process; the wide multidimensionality of the interpretation of the statement; the study of interactive means, taking into account grammatical meanings. The main category of pragmalinguistics is the category of evaluation, and therefore, the issue of contrastive grammar and contrastive description of languages is important to consider in the focus of the paradigm of the category of evaluation; in particular, this concerns the manifestation of each grammatical category.
5
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Cohesion in Polish-English Translation and Its Implications for Translator Training

88%
Lewandowski M.
Research in Language
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2020
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vol. 18
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issue 2
219-233
EN
This paper focuses on the ways of maintaining cohesive links in the translation process in the Polish-English language pair. Of primary interest is how the thematic/rhematic structure of Polish sentences can be successfully rendered in English to produce cohesive, natural-sounding and communicative target texts with a proper information flow. These aspects have implications for translation teaching. It has been observed that, in view of the differences between Polish and English word order, university students at the start of their translator training experience two general problems as they attempt to translate longer stretches of text into English: (1) they produce cohesive passages, which contain errors in word order (due to syntactic interference from Polish) or (2) they produce grammatically correct sentences, which, however, form incohesive passages (i.e. ones in which the thematic/rhematic progression is not retained) with an inappropriate information structure. For this reason, students need to become acquainted with some practical solutions that help build cohesion in Polish-English translation. These include (1) shifts from active to passive, (2) other shifts in syntactic functions, (3) fronting, and (4) inventing sentence subjects out of broader context.
6
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Fragmentary Russian-Czech-English lacunarity of the lexeme Tower on the material of dictionaries

75%
Frantceva A. I.
Bohemistyka
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2019
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issue 1
71-82
EN
In this article we consider the method of contrastive analysis of башня (tower in Russian) lexeme, where the Russian language will be the source language, and the Czech and English languages will be the languages of comparison. In the study we will describe the comparison of the data of etymological dictionaries in three languages.The aim of this comparative analysis is discovering similarities and differences in the sub-systems of three languages.The central concept of contrastive linguistics is the notion of interlingual correspondences – units of different languages having similarities in composition of semes. Formally, there are three types of correspondences: linear correspondences, vector correspondences, lacunae. In this article we will consider one of them – fragmentary lacunarity.  
7
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Valenz- und Dependenztheorie – traditionelle und neue Anwendungsbereiche

75%
Rojek T.
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław
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2019
|
issue 16
375-384
EN
The anthology „Valency and Dependency. Theory and Practice“ is a commemorative publication in honor of Prof. Ulrich Engel on the occasion of his 90th birthday. The book contains 22 contributions (authored by former PhD-students, co-workers, colleagues and friends) which are closely linked to linguistic in¬terests and research activities of Ulrich Engel (including (co-)heading of international research projects in contrastive grammar). They cover a wide range of problems in dependency, valency and constituency theory, contrastive grammar and lexicography. The following review briefly summarizes the goals and results of each of the 22 articles.
8

Semantische Funktionen der Präfixe am Beispiel der polnischen Bewegungsverben*

75%
Borowski Z.
Prace Językoznawcze
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2014
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issue 16/3
85-96
EN
The semantic analysis shows that derivatives coming from verbs of determinative or unidirectional movement, e.g. odjechać vs. jechać generally express spatial meaning whereas those coming from verbs of non-determinative or multidirectional movement – temporal meaning, e.g. pojeździć sobie vs. jeździć. Pairs of verbs movement have an imperfective aspect (non – completion), e.g. jechać : jeździć, etc. Prefixes in the Polish language always indicate the meaning of perfective aspect (completion) and at the same time they modify the meaning of verbs depending on their formation possibilities and lexical meaning of verbs.
9
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A perspectiva comparativa do pretérito perfeito composto, pretérito perfecto compuesto e present perfect

65%
Mikołajczak S.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2013
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vol. 40
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issue 1
81-93
EN
The aim of this paper is to highlight a problematic use of the Portuguese tense Pretérito Perfeito Composto in comparison to the use of English Present Perfect and Spanish Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto. A great number of mistakes in use of this tense is observed in the students’ production in their L3 Portuguese as a result of apparent similarity between the Portuguese and the Spanish tense. The article is expected to present differences in temporal and aspectual approaches of these tenses. The use of Portuguese construction is much more restricted, limited in fact to the imperfect, repeated or prolonged actions that continue in the present. However, the apparent similarities in form provoke the students to transfer the tense constructions from the other languages. We observe the mechanisms of transfer and try to underline the essential differences in usage of these tenses.
10
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Huruf al-dżar w arabskim: między anglosaskim genetivem a siedmioma polskimi przypadkami

63%
El Imrani N.
Językoznawstwo
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2017
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vol. 11
27-35
EN
The object of our study is the structure: particle harf + noun in Arabic. Specifically huruf al-dżar. The textbooks for teaching the Arabic language and a several studies based on English and Polish established that al-dżaris genetiv. In the case of contrastive English-Arabic grammar, comparative analysis is most revealing, but in the context of teaching the Arabic language to Poles where in the Polish language there are seven cases, the matter requires revision. On the basis of the Arabic grammar, we will mention them, and then compare and analyze the appropriate case and its structure in the Polish language.
PL
Obiektem naszego badania jest dwumian: partykuła harf + rzeczownik w języku arabskim. Konkretnie huruf al-dżar. W podręcznikach do nauczania języka arabskiego a także według wielu badań na podstawie języka angielskiego oraz polskim zostało ustalone, że al-dżar to genetiv.W przypadku gramatyki kontrastywnej angielsko-arabskiej analiza porównawcza jest jak najbardziej owocna, ale w kontekście nauczania Polaków języka arabskiego, gdzie w języku polskim występuje siedem przypadków, sprawa wymaga rewizji. Na podstawie gramatyki języka arabskiego najpierw wymienimy te partykuły, a potem porównamy, analizując odpowiedni przypadek oraz jego strukturę w języku polskim.
11

Przymiotniki odrzeczownikowe w powieści Živko Čingo "Големата вода" i jej przekładzie na język polski

63%
Stryszewska M.
Slavica Wratislaviensia
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2020
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vol. 171
127-134
EN
The article is devoted to the issue of the derivation of denominative adjectives in Macedonian and Polish on the basis of the novel Големата вода (Golemata voda) by Zivko Chingo and its translation. The aim of the article is to indicate the similarities and differences in this scope with regard to both languages. The studied derivatives have been described in accordance with the model adopted by the authors of Gramatyka współczesnego języka polskiego. Morfologia (Contemporary Polish Grammar. Morphology), in which the starting point is their contextual significance, and therefore the semantic relationship of the derivative with the noun determined by it. 174 derivatives in Macedonian and 167 in Polish have been analysed and described. In accordance with the assumptions in both languages, derivatives together with basic formatives: -ski, -owy, -ny for the Polish language and -ски, -oв, -ен (-ski, -ov-, -en) for the Macedonian language form the majority of semantic relations, and hence can be considered as multifunctional. In both texts the derivatives with these formatives are the most frequent. Adjectives with other suffixes appear less frequently in the text, and the formatives themselves tend to be of semantic specialization.
RU
Данная статья посвящена вопросам, связанным со словообразованием имен прилагательных от имён существительных в македонском и польском языках на материале романа Големата вода Ж. Чинго и её перевода на польский язык. Целью исследования является выявление сходств и различий в анализированной области в обоих языках. Все дериваты были описаны по модели принятой авторами академической грамматики современного польского языка Gramatyka współczesnego języka polskiego. Morfologia (Грамматика современного польского языка. Морфология), в которой отправной точкой является значение данных примеров в зависимости от контекста, т. е. cемантическая связь деривата с описываемым существительным. Анализу были подвержены и описаны 174 примера нa македонском языке и 167 примеров нa польском языке. Согласно предположениям в обоих языках дериваты с основными суффиксами, т. е. -ски, -ов, -ен в македонском и -ski, -owy, -ny в польском создают большинство из анализированных семантических связей и, следовательно, их можно назвать многофункциональными. Они также выступают в обоих текстах чаще других примеров. Имена прилагательные, образованные с помощью других суффиксов, появляются реже и показывают тенденцию к семантической специaлизации.
12

Użycie konstrukcji liczebnikowych w języku polskim przez rodzimych użytkowników języka rosyjskiego

63%
Dymek L.
Prace Językoznawcze
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2011
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issue 13
93-102
RU
В настоящей статье представлен словоизменительный и синтаксический анализ польских конструкций с именами числительными. Главным образом внимание обращается на те конструкции, в употреблении которых проживающие в Польше россияне и белорусы, родным языком которых является русский, совершают ошибки или избегают их употребления в связи с возникающими в процессе их образования проблемами. Наиболее распространенными источниками ошибок являются различные виды синтаксической связи (согласование, подчинение и примыкание), с помощью которых осуществляется соединение главенствующего и зависимого слов в словосочетание; род числительного, зависящий от имени существительного, с которым соединяется, взаимное влияние конструкции с числительным и глагольных форм, синтаксис дробных числительных
13

Wybrane przymiotniki denominalne w języku polskim i niemieckim

63%
Borowski Z.
Prace Językoznawcze
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2018
|
issue XX/1
45-56
EN
Denominal adjectives, called relational adjectives in Polish and German linguistics, asdefining words formed with suffixes added to animate and inanimate nouns indicate numerous potential relationships in connection with a defined noun. Strictly relational adjectives so called strict relational such as possessive relationships, eg. ojcowski dom > dom ojca/ das väterliche Haus > das Haus des Vaters > das Vaterhaus (father’s house > the house which belongs to father) and substantial relationships, eg. żelazny płot > płot z żelaza/ der eiserne Zaun > der Zaun aus Eisen > der Eisenzaun (iron fence > the fence made of iron), with which characteristics of the basic meaning appear, can be distinguished among them. So called partitive relationl adjectives with only a partial meaning of the basic. Subject relationships such as, eg. praktyka lekarska/ ärztliche Praxis > die Praxis eines Arztes > die Arztpraxis (medical practice) and substantial relationships, eg. piaszczysta gleba/ sandiger Boden (Sand enthaltend) > der Sandboden (sandy soil) also belong to this group. Sufix derivatives seldom appear in German as compounds prevail in contrast to Polish.
14
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Asimmetrie nella codifica dell’informazione deittica: italiano vs russo

63%
Benigni V., Ruvoletto L.
Italica Wratislaviensia
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2019
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issue 10.1
31-58
EN
This paper aims to analyse, through a contrastive approach, the asymmetries between Italian and Russian in the encoding of deictic reference. Some complex and divergent instances of deictic anchoring are discussed in relation to the notion of deictic centre (or zero-point, in Lyons’ terms). Different types of asymmetry can be identified according to structural and functional criteria: a) overcoding versus undercoding of deictic information (e.g., Italian tra and dopo versus Russian čerez); b) different internal articulation of the deictic reference (such as in the sequence of tenses, which is governed by mood and tense in Italian and solely by tense in Russian); c) the adoption of a different perspective in the deictic conceptualisation of space, time, and person (as in conversive predicates). All of these types of asymmetry seem to affect learners’ acquisition of L2. For this reason, a systematic analysis of errors committed in deictic reference can be a useful tool for second-language teaching.
IT
Il presente contributo si pone l’obiettivo di indagare, mediante un approccio contrastivo, alcuni casi di asimmetria tra l’italiano e il russo nella codifica del riferimento deittico. In relazione al concetto di centro deittico (zero-point, secondo la terminologia proposta Lyons, 1977), sono analizzati alcuni esempi complessi di differente ancoraggio deittico nelle due lingue, raggruppati in base a criteri strutturali e funzionali: a) casi di ipercodifica vs ipocodifica (come nell’uso di tra e dopo vs čerez), b) casi di diversa articolazione interna di un analogo riferimento deittico (come nell’uso di modo e tempo del verbo vs solo tempo nella consecutio temporum) e c) casi in cui il riferimento deittico viene concettualizzato secondo prospettive diverse (come nei predicati conversivi). Tali forme di asimmetria risultano particolarmente complesse per gli apprendenti delle due lingue, motivo per cui l’analisi degli errori prodotti nella codifica della deissi può rivelarsi un utile strumento anche in una prospettiva didattica.
15
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Dobry czy piękny? Zły czy brzydki? Moralno-estetyczne rozterki polsko-włoskie

63%
Piekarz D.
Filologia Polska. Roczniki Naukowe Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego
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2021
|
vol. 7
189-197
EN
Probably in all languages, the basic criteria for assessing people, things or phenomena are aesthetic (nice/ugly) and moral (good/bad) criteria. However, the terms belonging to these two categories alternate, expressing more generally positive or negative assessments. No wonder certain phenomena described as “pretty” in some languages will be considered “good” in others or expressed in terms of other adjectives – and vice versa. The same is true for negative evaluations. This article aims to present this linguistic phenomenon based on two languages, Polish and Italian. This analysis can be helpful for teachers and translators, as it is easy to assume that the target language evaluates phenomena with the same adjectives as we use in our mother tongue.
PL
Chyba we wszystkich językach podstawowymi kryteriami oceny osób, rzeczy czy zjawisk są kryteria estetyczne (ładny/brzydki) i moralne (dobry/zły). Często jednak określenia należące do tych dwóch kategorii występują przemiennie, wyrażając bardziej ogólnie pozytywną lub negatywną ocenę. Nic dziwnego, że pewne zjawiska określane w jednych językach jako „ładne”, w innych będą uznane za „dobre” lub wyrażane za pomocą jeszcze innych przymiotników – i vice versa. To samo też dotyczy ocen negatywnych. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie tego zjawiska językowego na przykładzie dwóch języków, polskiego i włoskiego. Ta analiza może okazać się przydatna dla nauczycieli i tłumaczy, gdyż łatwo jest założyć, iż w języku docelowym ocenia się zjawiska za pomocą tych samych przymiotników, których używamy w naszym języku ojczystym.
16
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Inventari consonantici dell’italiano e del polacco a confronto

51%
Broniś O.
Forum Filologiczne Ateneum
|
2019
|
vol. 7
|
issue 1
27-41
IT
Lo scopo di questo lavoro è quello di effettuare uno studio comparativo degli inventari consonantici dell’italiano e del polacco. La prima differenza tra le due lingue di cui parla il presente saggio è legata all’assenza dei fonemi corrispondenti in uno dei due sistemi. La seconda questione sollevata nel lavoro è l’apparente somiglianza di alcune consonanti italiane e polacche, che, pur essendo simili nell’italiano e nel polacco, presentano discrepanze fonetiche e fonologiche molto significative. L’ultimo argomento compreso nell’analisi è il confronto delle geminate dell’italiano e del polacco.
EN
The goal of the present paper is to offer a comparative study of the consonantal phonological inventories of Italian and Polish. The first discrepancy between the two languages discussed in the paper is related to the fact that some Polish and Italian phonemes do not have any correspondents in the other language. The second issue addressed in this work is the fact that some Italian segments seem very similar to selected Polish sounds, and yet, as the paper shows, in some cases substantial differences need to be noted. The last issue presented in the paper concerns selected properties of Italian and Polish geminates.
17
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Kontrastive deutsch-polnische Grammatik: Eine Besprechung der Arbeit von Joanna Golonka: "Kontrastive Grammatik Deutsch-Polnisch für polnische Studenten: ausgewählte Probleme"

51%
Lipczuk R.
Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia
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2017
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issue 26
303-314
PL
Tekst jest omówieniem książki Joanny Golonki (Uniwersytet Rzeszowski), w której przedstawione są wybrane zagadnienia gramatyczne, słowotwórcze i pragmatyczne w ujęciu kontrastywnym niemiecko-polskim.
DE
Der Text ist eine Besprechung des Buches von Joanna Golonka (Universität Rzeszów), das ausgewählten Problemen der deutsch-polnischen Grammatik, Wortbildung und Pragmatik gewidmet ist.
EN
This paper is a review of a book of Joanna Golonka (University Rzeszów) in which selected problems of German-Polish grammar, word formation and pragmatics are presented.
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