Search results - CEJSH

1

ASSESSMENT OF CONVERGENCE PROCESSES OF THE FINANCIAL MARKETS’ DEPTH IN THE EU MEMBER STATES

100%

Čižo E.

Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis

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2018

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issue 1

33-45

EN

The aim of the research is testing the hypothesis on the convergence/equalization of financial market levels in the EU member states in the period 1993-2015. The assumption put forward states that the states that previously demonstrated low values of financial depth indicators, later showed outperforming growth rates of these indicators as compared to the states that initially had a certain relatively high level. At a macro-economic level the depth of a state’s financial market is defined as a total/sum of financial claims and liabilities in relation to GDP, and it shows to what extent corporations, households, and state institutions can finance their activities using financial markets and financial mediators. The relevance of the research is proved by the fact that the deepening of financial markets contributes to the increase in the level of stability and security in the economy, this way allowing to serve growing flows of trans-border capital. Deeper markets can provide alternative sources of financing during international liquidity crises, constraining sharp fluctuations of asset prices and currency exchange rates. The approach offered in the article is orientated towards determining dynamic changes in the development of the financial market in the EU member states. The main analytical apparatus for testing the hypothesis on financial convergence is based on the construction of “Barro regressions”.

2

Épistémologie du web. Convergence, collaboration, affiliation

85%

Dubucs J.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2022

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vol. 55

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issue 3

47-71

EN

Within thirty years, the relation between the Internet and the scientific activity has changed profoundly. The Internet has shifted from being an instrument of academic collaboration to being a tool used by social media, allowing for a maximum diffusion of irrationalism and alt-factualism. To understand this change, one needs re-examine the mechanisms of opinion convergence. This convergence stems primarily from the existence of the world we share, which exposes us to the same facts and determines the constant revision of each person’s beliefs. In this process of asymptotic opinion convergence, no communication between individuals is required. Of course, if the facts known by some are communicated to others, this convergence accelerates considerably, so much so that we must regard knowledge as a result of collective activity, and the exchange of information as one of its crucial sources. On the one hand, this epistemic cooperation seems natural and easy to implement. Given the properties of information, which is an asset we keep even if we share it, the sharing of information is not subject to the usual difficulties related to cooperation. Defection provides no profit, making the prisoner’s dilemma not applicable to epistemic cooperation. On the other hand, such cooperation is productive by nature: the collaboration of the one who knowns φ and the one who knows that φ implies ψ results in both agents having the knowledge of ψ, which neither of them had before the exchange. The earlier Internet allowed for an extreme intensity of this informational cooperation. At present, we are dealing with a different kind of situation. Several factors, including the growing porosity between scientists and the public, have strengthened the role of exchange. It is not an exchange of information, but an exchange of opinions. The biases inherent to human nature, and especially the confirmation bias, tends to reverse the relationship between facts and opinions. We search for the facts confirming the opinions we hold, doubt those which undermine them and create facts to corroborate what we believe. Hence, we go from cooperation to affiliation, dividing the Internet into homogenic groups of believers.

FR

Résumé. En trente ans, le rapport d’Internet à l’entreprise scientifique a changé. Nous sommes passés d’un instrument de collaboration scientifique à un dispositif de réseaux sociaux qui assure la plus large diffusion à l’irrationalisme et à l’alt-factualisme. Pour comprendre ce changement, il convient de réexaminer les mécanismes de la convergence des opinions. La première source de cette convergence est l’existence d’un monde commun, qui nous expose aux mêmes faits et qui détermine par révision successive des croyances de chacun, sans que la moindre communication soit requise, une convergence asymptotique des opinions, et ce quelles que soient les croyances de départ. Naturellement, si les faits connus par les uns sont communiqués aux autres, cette convergence s’accélère considérablement, si bien que nous devons considérer la connaissance comme le résultat d’une activité collective, et l’échange d’informations comme l’une de ses sources nécessaires. D’une part, cette coopération épistémique est naturelle et facilement implémentable : en vertu des propriétés caractéristiques de l’information, qui est un bien que nous conservons lorsque nous le donnons, le partage informationnel est exempt des difficultés qui affectent généralement la coopération. D’autre part, cette coopération est intrinsèquement productive : la collaboration entre celui qui sait que φ et celui qui sait que φ implique ψ met chacun des deux agents en possession de la connaissance de ψ, qui n’était pourtant détenue par personne avant l’échange. L’internet des débuts donne à cette coopération informationnelle une ampleur inégalée. La situation actuelle est différente. Un certain nombre de facteurs, dont la porosité croissante entre les scientifiques et le large public, ont mis au premier plan l’échange, non des informations factuelles, mais celui des opinions. Les biais notoires de la psychologie humaine, au premier rang desquels le biais de confirmation, tendent à inverser le rapport entre les faits et les opinions. On cherche les faits confirmant les opinions entretenues, on met en doute les faits récalcitrants et l’on crée des faits corroborants. En bref, on passe d’une problématique de la coopération à une logique de l’affiliation, segmentant l’internet en groupes doxastiques homogènes.

3

Sektorowa dekompozycja wzrostu wydajności pracy w krajach Unii Europejskiej

80%

Grodzicki M., Katedra Ekonomii Matematycznej Instytutu Ekonomii i Zarządzania U. J.

Gospodarka w Praktyce i Teorii

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2014

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vol. 1(34)

EN

In the paper the results of the shift-share decomposition analysis of labour productivity growth in the European Union in 19970–2007 were presented. Making use of data from the EU-KLEMS and the GGDC Productivity Database, the role of productivity growth in 5 major economic sectors and of the employment shifts between these sectors for total productivity growth were analysed. Then, using the nonparametric method (LOWESS) dominant development patterns were distinguished. It was demonstrated that nearly 90% of productivity growth in the sample can be accounted to within effects and about 11% – to changes in employment structure. Employment shifts had on average a direction into more productive sectors, but also to less dynamic ones. Industry and services had the biggest contribution to productivity growth, on all development levels. Productivity dynamics is the highest on the lower development level of the economy. With development, it is becoming more and more difficult to enhance productivity – either by within effects or by changes in employment structure.

PL

W artykule zostały zaprezentowane wyniki analiz wzrostu wydajności pracy w 14 krajach Unii Europejskiej w latach 1970–2007, wykonanych techniką dekompozycji sektorowej shift-share. Przy wykorzystaniu danych z baz EU-KLEMS i GGDC Productivity Database zbadano rolę zmian wydajności pracy w 5 sektorach gospodarki oraz przesunięć w zatrudnieniu pomiędzy tymi sektorami dla dynamiki wydajności na całym obszarze gospodarczym. Następnie przy wykorzystaniu metody nieparametrycznej (ważonej regresji lokalnej) zostały wyszczególnione dominujące wzorce rozwojowe. Okazuje się, że średnio blisko 90% wzrostu wydajności pracy w badanej próbie można przypisać wewnątrzsektorowej dynamice wydajności, a ok. 11% zmianom w strukturze zatrudnienia. Przesunięcia pracowników przebiegały zazwyczaj w kierunku sektorów o wyższej wydajności, lecz o niższej stopie wzrostu tej zmiennej. Największy wkład do wzrostu wydajności, na każdym poziomie rozwoju gospodarczego, mają sektory przemysłu i usług rynkowych. Dynamika wydajności jest najwyższa na niskim poziomie rozwoju, a wraz z jej wzrostem coraz trudniejsze staje się odnoszenie korzyści – zarówno wewnątrzsektorowych, jak i tych wynikających ze zmian w strukturze zatrudnienia.

4

Nowe oblicze komunikacji. Wybrane aspekty prawne i etyczne rozpowszechniania treści w cyberprzestrzeni

80%

Różycka M.

Zarządzanie Mediami

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2015

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vol. 3

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issue 2

107–120

EN

It can be regarded as we have a problem with the application of its provisions to the content present in the network in terms of law because regulations on media infiltrate boundaries – so, and the media themselves. Polish law is not adapted to the changing technology reality. And it is not only the universal use of social media. Traditional media also taking into account the convergence process are present in the network. The purpose of this publication is to analyze certain aspects of legal regulations concerning the distribution of content in cyberspace – on the basis of the law in Poland the media. To demonstrate that self-regulation in the area of electronic media has the great advantage that it can go in a relatively short distance for the development of “new” media. In contrast, new, precise regulations in the matter of electronic media are difficult to be implemented in a short time.

5

Wage Flexibility across EMU Members: How Endogenous is the Currency Union?

80%

Buscher H., Gabrisch H.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2010

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vol. 241

EN

Abstract. The authors test whether the introduction of a common currency and the single monetary policy in the European Monetary Union might have increased the need for nominal wage flexibility. They try to find out whether wage dynamics between euro member countries became more synchronized through the adoption of the common currency. They run a model of endogenously induced changes of bilateral correlation coefficients of wage dynamics, where trade intensity, sector specialization and financial integration are assumed to be the driving forces for endogeneity on the labor markets. They use a panel data structure to allow for cross-section weights for country-pair observations. Regressions are with instrument variables in order to disentangle exogenous from endogenous influences. They apply these techniques to the dynamics of nominal wages, real wages and unit labor costs. They find evidence of persistent asymmetries in nominal wage formation, despite a single currency and monetary policy, which is responsible for diverging unit labor costs and emerging trade imbalances among the EMU member countries.

6

Fake news w dobie post-prawdy. Teoria i praktyka

80%

Bożek M.

Dydaktyka Polonistyczna

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2019

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issue 5 (14)

209-217

EN

Century is a time of a media revolution. Convergence, networking and massive digitalization of culture caused that traditional kind of media are changing its aspect and structure but not only. In addition, their impact on reality is much more stronger than several decades ago. The changes that are happening now in media affect much more than just our everyday life. Those, that are mentioned in article let us ask questions about existence of truth as a unquestionable value that is widely respected and defined as a basis for the functioning of democratic societies.

7

Transformacja prasy w erze mediów cyfrowych. Studium przypadku Gazeta Wyborcza

80%

Różycka M.

Zarządzanie Mediami

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2014

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vol. 2

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issue 3

111-127

EN

Achieved in recent years the sales of national dailies shows that publishers must constantly compete within daily newspapers market, as well as they need to take actions that will be the answer to substitute products, especially television and the Internet. This leads to the blurring of the boundaries between the media - leading to their convergence. Media convergence forces press publishers strategies , not only in their development, but also to survive in a competitive market. It is appropriate in these circumstances making activities that will strengthen the position of the publishing market . The purpose of this publication is to analyze the aspect of the transformation of the press in the digital environment - the introduction of charges for the available content on the Internet , and an indication that this phenomenon also applies to the local newspaper market . Exemplification of the foregoing is Gazeta Wyborcza

8

Meandry kultury popularnej

80%

Łeńska-Bąk K.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2017

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issue 10, Antropologia - folklor - historia

95–106

XX

Popular literature has always been raising many different emotions and research issues. One of the research groups, represented by Piotr Kowalski, criticized popular literature thoroughly. A new wave of scientists emerged in the nineties. They tried out different research methods, criticizing popular literature (especially fantasy) much less than might be expected. This met with a huge degrees of scepticism from Kowalski who did not agree with those methods and tried to prove them wrong in his two last publications. This article presents Kowalski's views, in the meantime trying to argue with them.

9

Convergence or Divergence? Multidimensional Analysis of Regional Development in the New European Union Member States

80%

Jakubowski A.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2018

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issue 1(51)

31-40

EN

The main aim of the paper is the multidimensional analysis of regional development in the new EU Member States in the years 2004–2014 on the background of EU regions and characterisation of the differences in their dynamics with the use of a synthetic index. The article presents an attempt to adopt a method of taxonomic measure of socio-economic development for multidimensional comparative analysis of development processes in a dynamic approach and to develop a synthetic measure reflecting the multifaceted nature of development processes and cohesion policy. The developed indicator (Regional Development Index) was used to determine the directions and paces of processes leading to the reduction of disparities in the level of regional development (beta- and sigma-convergence).

PL

Głównym celem artykułu jest wielowymiarowa analiza rozwoju regionalnego w tzw. nowych państwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej w latach 2004–2014 na tle regionów UE oraz scharakteryzowanie różnic w zakresie jego dynamiki za pomocą autorskiego miernika syntetycznego. W artykule zaprezentowano próbę adaptacji metody taksonomicznego miernika rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego dla celów wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej procesów rozwojowych w ujęciu dynamicznym oraz wypracowania wskaźnika syntetycznego ukazującego wielopłaszczyznowy charakter procesów rozwojowych i polityki spójności. Opracowany wskaźnik (Regional Development Index) został wykorzystany do określenia kierunków i tempa procesów prowadzących do zmniejszania dysproporcji w poziomie rozwoju regionalnego w zakresie beta oraz sigma konwergencji.

80%

Kabalski P., Zarzycka E.

Nauki o Finansach

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2018

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issue vol.23 no. 2

9-19

EN

The aim of this article is to present the results of a study on the convergence of financial accounting and management accounting in companies operating in Poland against the background of international solutions. The survey, carried out in 2017, was used to collect data. Based on the questionnaire returned by 40 companies, it was found that the level of convergence of financial accounting and management accounting in Polish enterprises is moderate. The number of worldwide studies on the convergence of accounting is very limited, and in Poland they are quite unique. For this reason, the study presented in this article is relevant both for science and the practice of accounting.

17

Evaluation of the impact of public support from the point of convergence criterion

80%

Lucie S., Martin S.

Littera Scripta

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2016

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issue 2

104-122

EN

The article deals with the ex post evaluation of the impact of drawing funds from operational programmes to achieve convergence in the field of tourism after the Czech Republic became a member of the EU. The evaluation of the achievement of convergence or divergence among regions is based on the beta and sigma convergence indicators which enable the evaluation of the development of time series of relevant indicators (in this case, indicators in the field of tourism). This evaluation was carried out within the regions brought together under NUTS II. The investigation is the result of evaluation indicators showing the achievement of convergence within the regions in only a few cases. Convergence was therefore not proven in all cases. In some cases, there was even a tendency towards divergence among the regions. In addition, the relationship between the aid granted and the annual growth of the chosen indicators was not achieved in all cases. This indicates that relevant local factors carry more weight and have a greater impact on an area than drawing support from EU funds.

18

Old-age pension systems’ reforms in Germany, Greece and France – a social citizenship perspective

80%

Polakowski M.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2018

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issue 510

165-180

EN

European old-age pension systems face multiple challenges. On the one hand, governments are concerned with the fiscal effects of ageing societies. On the other hand, there is a social pressure on maintaining standards of living during the retirement. Such tension is one of the most significant socio-economic conflicts in modern politics. During last 25 years, policy makers tried to answer these challenges by pension reforms. In general, a trend towards reducing social rights can be distinguished, which is to a significantly smaller extent accompanied by improvement of coverage and benefit levels for some groups. This research analyses old-age pension reform trajectories in three European countries: Greece, France and Germany. It focuses on the generosity of pension benefits, access to pensions, and anti-poverty function of the pension systems. The paper assesses, whether over a period 1990–2015, a convergence took place between the countries and if yes, what was its direction.

19

Opowieść transmedialna – znak naszych czasów

80%

Boczkowska M.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

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2014

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issue 2(14)

125-137

EN

The article presents the so¬ called transmedia stories that have become more popular in the epoch of media convergence. Transmedia texts are the texts that tell their stories using different media, for example television, Internet or literature. Transmediality can be regarded as a kind of intertextuality. The author also presents several novels whose plot as well as other elements (for example fictive author) refer to popular TV series.

20

Income Inequality and Innovations in the Processes of Economic Growth and Real Convergence

80%

Batóg J.

Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia

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2008

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vol. 7

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issue 1

130-143

EN

The paper deals with the relation between income inequality, innovation processes, economic development and income convergence within the European Union. The presented results suggest a non-linear relation between the economic development and the income inequality. There is also visible the significant influence of innovation activity and technology diffusion on the economic growth. We could observe strong and stable innovation-related polarisation into two different groups of countries in the European Union, as well as a phenomena that countries considered as technological followers imitate the innovation leaders very quickly. The real convergence occurs on the international scale, but not at the regional level. It seems that the latest tendency will remain in the future.

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