The article discusses the legal and systemic issues of the creation of a modern mediation institution in Georgia. It discusses Georgia’s historic experience traditions of settlements of disputes by means of peaceful methods, part of which are still preserved in the high mountainous regions of the country. In 2013, the country was also introduced to the mediation for settlement of collective labour disputes, which is implemented by active involvement from the government. Already existing statistics demonstrate that mediation in the given sphere is effective and actually serves for the settlement of disputes between employers and groups of employees. In 2019, Georgia adopted the law on mediation, which regulates the issue of private mediation conduction andexecution of achieved agreements. Mediators training and professional development system were created. By the adoption of the given Law ended the almost eightyear phase of mediation legal and institutional regulation,which, according to the opinion of the author of the article, was a process prolonged in time. Unified Law could have been adopted at the early stage of the reform which would have made the process of extensive usage of mediation in the country faster. As reason for introduction of mediation institution in Georgia is named the obligations of the country in the process of integration with the European Union, overloading of civil courts in the country and prolonged disputes.
In my article I described the general assumptions of two legal institutions, i.e. negotiation and mediation as an alternative form of dispute resolution to court proceedings. Negotiations were characterized in the current legal status with a brief historical outline. I have indicated the scope of matters in which negotiations can be used as one of the ways of concluding an agreement that are binding in the Civil Code. At the same time, I drew attention to frequent mistakes made during negotiations, which result in the transfer of a dispute to court. In turn, mediation was described on the basis of civil procedure regulations. I described the way of conducting out-of-court and court mediation. I listed the types of cases in which we can use this institution and those in which mediation has been excluded from the Act.
PL
W artykule opisano ogólne założenia dwóch instytucji prawnych, tj. negocjacji i mediacji jako alternatywnej wobec drogi sądowej formy rozwiązywania sporów. Negocjacje zostały scharakteryzowane w aktualnym stanie prawnym z krótkim rysem historycznym. Wskazano zakres spraw, w których można wykorzystać negocjacje jako jeden z obowiązujących w kodeksie cywilnym sposobów zawarcia umowy. Jednocześnie zwrócono uwagę na często popełniane błędy w okresie negocjacji, które skutkują przeniesieniem sporu na drogę sądową. Z kolei mediacje zostały opisane w oparciu o przepisy kodeksu postępowania cywilnego. Wskazano sposób prowadzenia mediacji pozasądowych i sądowych. Wymieniono też rodzaj spraw, w których można korzystać z tej instytucji oraz te, w których mediacje zostały wyłączone z mocy ustawy.
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