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EN
The aim of the article is to present the views of a classic forensic scientist prof. zw. dr hab. Tadeusz Hanausek, the founder of Cracow school of forensic science, who has shaped the Polish foundations of forensic tactics, which is currently one of the disciplines of forensic science. The presentation of professor Hanausek has been reflected in the implementation of his dogmatic point of view in the practice of law enforcement agencies and the justice system both during his life and after his death. Professor Tadeusz Hanausek determined the reasons for the initial underestimation of the role of forensic tactics despite the acceptance of this term, built a definition of forensic tactics and developed scientific research that allowed him to indicate a growing role of forensic tactics in the implementation of the functions of forensic science and the criminal procedure. The article presents the fundamental issues of Tadeusz Hanausek’s creative scientific interests, which he first defined and then consistently pursued and developed in his scientific and research activities. The pioneering scientific and research issues in question were passed on by professor Tadeusz Hanausek to the representatives of his Cracow school of forensic tactics and then developed, presented and widely discussed on the national, European and international forum. The subject matter of the article is also focused on the examples of practical application of the professor’s ideas in an effective detection of perpetrators of crime. In addition, the publication is based on the research findings of the judicial and prosecutorial records of one of the authors of this article, who is an active representative, popularizer and, above all, a continuator of professor Hanausek’s Cracow school of forensic tactics.
EN
The author presents cases of death as a result of hanging, throttling, strangulation or suffocation presented in forensic literature. Those cases suggest murder. Only the analysis of the results of crime investigation — place of discovery of the corpse, examination of the victim and their clothes, toxicological tests — allows to determine whether death was caused by suicidal or homicidal strangulation.
3
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Urządzenia i materiały wybuchowe

51%
EN
The research paper presents a synthesis of knowledge forensic techniques related to explosives. The paper is based on the Author’s rich experience in working with explosives for many years and responds to the expectations of all entities who carry out investigations in cases involving illegal manufacturing and use of explosives. It starts with a brief historical overview which shows the role and the development of explosives from the times of their first synthesis until now. Subsequently, the specific role of explosives in committing criminal offenses has been described. This is followed by the presentation of properties and types of explosives and the definition of an explosive device. Particular attention has been paid to these elements of an explosion, which should be assessed during forensic examination.
PL
Opracowanie jest syntezą wiedzy w zakresie techniki kryminalistycznej dotyczącej materiałów wybuchowych. Powstało ono na podstawie wieloletniego doświadczenia autora w pracy z materiałami wybuchowymi i wychodzi naprzeciw oczekiwaniom wszystkich instytucji zajmujących się śledztwem dotyczącym nielegalnego wytwarzania i używania materiałów wybuchowych. Rozpoczyna się krótkim rysem historycznym pokazującym rolę i rozwój materiałów wybuchowych od momentu ich odkrycia do dnia dzisiejszego. Następnie przedstawiono funkcje materiałów wybuchowych jako popularnego środka do popełniania przestępstw. Dalej omówiono właściwości i rodzaje materiałów wybuchowych oraz zilustrowano pojęcie urządzenia wybuchowego. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na te elementy zjawiska wybuchu, które powinny być wykorzystywane w badaniach kryminalistycznych, i dokładnie je opisano.
4
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Oględziny i badania miejsc wybuchów

51%
EN
The research paper constitutes the synthesis of knowledge in scope of criminalistic technique related to explosives. The paper is based on the Author’s rich experience in working with explosives for many years and provides the response to the expectations of all entities who carry out investigations in cases involving illegal manufacturing and use of explosives. In the next sections, the specifics of post-blast site investigation has been described, including the issue of safe handling of materials at the scene where explosives and their components were detected. Finally, the purpose of forensic reports has been discussed along with the types casework examination which should be carried out in order to conclude on the identification and construction of explosives, but also with the view to assessing threats related to potential explosion.
PL
Opracowanie jest syntezą wiedzy w zakresie techniki kryminalistycznej dotyczącej materiałów wybuchowych. Powstało ono na podstawie wieloletniego doświadczenia autora w pracy z materiałami wybuchowymi i wychodzi naprzeciw oczekiwaniom wszystkich instytucji zajmujących się śledztwem dotyczącym nielegalnego wytwarzania i używania materiałów wybuchowych. Przedstawiono w nim specyfikę oględzin różnego rodzaju miejsc wybuchów, jaki również poruszono tematykę bezpieczeństwa podczas oględzin miejsca ujawnienia materiałów wybuchowych i komponentów do ich wytwarzania. Na koniec zaprezentowano cele opinii kryminalistycznych oraz badania, jakie powinno się przeprowadzić, aby prawidłowo wyciągać wnioski dotyczące nie tylko identyfikacji materiałów wybuchowych i budowy urządzeń wybuchowych, lecz także oszacowania zagrożenia, jakie mógłby stworzyć ewentualny ich wybuch.
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