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EN
This contribution deals with the roots and specifics of young Romany criminality in Slovakia after 1989. Among specific features of Romany criminality are a high criminality involvement of children, juveniles, and women. Romany people hold a higher proportion of property, moral, and violent criminality in comparison with the majority of society.
EN
The article presents the question of a crime of fraud. This prohibited act has been analysed from the legal and linguistics point of view. Linguistics researches refers to examples taken from the Internet from 2018 to 2021. Those examples incorporates characteristic phrases used by an internauts to name a perpetrators, criminal activity, special forms of crimes and victims of frauds. Lexical, semantical, grammatical and graphical means of euphemisation allows to enrich a communication by values such as emotionality or expressiveness. Legal analysis concentrates on a terms of criminal liability and character of a punishment, established in a criminal Code.
PL
W artykule przedstawione zostało zagadnienie przestępstwa oszustwa. Wskazany czyn zabroniony przeanalizowano z punktu widzenia językoznawstwa oraz prawa. Badania językoznawcze odwołują się do przykładów zaczerpniętych z internetu z lat 2018–2021. Obejmują one wykorzystywane przez internautów nazwy sprawców, działalności przestępczej, charakterystycznych typów oszustw oraz osób nimi pokrzywdzonych. Leksykalne, semantyczne, gramatyczne bądź graficzne środki eufemizacji nadają komunikacji walor emocjonalności lub ekspresyjności. Analiza prawna wymienionego czynu zabronionego określa warunki, jakie spełnić musi dane zachowanie, aby stanowiło przedmiot odpowiedzialności karnej, oraz jakie konsekwencje grożą jego sprawcy.
XX
In diesem Artikel wird auf die gerichtlichen Schutzmittel eingegangen, die angewandt werden, um die Gesellschaft vor verbotenen Taten unzurechnungsfähiger Personen zu schützen. Diese gerichtlichen Zwangsmaßnahmen gehören wohl zu den schwerwiegendsten Problemen und zwar sowohl was die komplizierte Sachlage als auch was die soziale Relevanz betrifft. In dem Artikel werden nicht nur die heilenden, sondern auch die administrativen Maßnahmen behandelt. Zu den heilenden Maßnahmen gehört die Internierung in eine psychiatrische Anstalt. Zu den administrativen Maßnahmen gehören: Amts- bzw. Berufsausübungsverbot oder das Verbot einer wirtschaftlichen, erzieherischen, medizinischen Tätigkeit oder was die Erziehung, Bildung, Heilung und Versorgung von Minderjährigen betrifft, das Verbot des Aufenthalts in bestimmten Kreisen oder Orten oder das Verbot der Kontaktaufnahme mit bestimmten Personen oder das Verbot des Aufenthaltswechsels ohne gerichtliche Erlaubnis oder das Verbot der Benutzung eines Autos.
EN
The article discusses the issue of behavior of juvenile offenders (juvenile offenders’ behavior) during their stay in resocialization institutions. The main subjects discussed in the article are: the meaning of personality disorders, addiction to psychoactive substances, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. All analyses are based on the examples of the research on juvenile delinquents and their families. The article also includes references to the social and legal situation of the juvenile delinquents and their families. It indicates possibilities for undertaking effective resocialization (rehabilitation) efforst towards juvenile delinquents.
EN
This article provides insight at tolerance, resp. rather intolerance of criminal standards contained in the Criminal Code in relation to the violations of them and then exceptions to these standards that define under what conditions and to what extent it is possible to tolerate the procedure, primarily to the circumstances provided for in § 22 and § 23 of the Criminal Code collectively known as Circumstances excluding criminal responsibility and the circumstances provided for in § 24 to § 30 of the Criminal Code collectively known as Circumstances excluding illegality, but partly also to the provisions of the Criminal Code amending the Act pursuant to § 84 of the Criminal Code, provisions on effective regret under § 85 and § 86 of the Criminal Code, provisions on limitation of prosecution under § 87 and § 88 of the Criminal Code and provisions for damages under § 125 of the Criminal Code.
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