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1
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Criminal-Law Liability of Members of a Municipal Council in the Slovak Republic

100%
Hencovská M.
Journal of Modern Science
|
2016
|
issue 4(31)
177-188
EN
Author aims the attention to a potential criminal-law liability of the members of a municipal council, who participate in the activities of the municipality especially by attending ordinary and extraordinary sessions as the members of a collective body, they take decisions. Their wilful or neglecting unlawful actions can be the basis for the criminal liability.
2

Reform of Lithuanian Criminal Law: Tendencies and Problems

100%
Gruodytė E.
Baltic Journal of Law & Politics
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2008
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vol. 1
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issue 1
18-40
EN
The purpose of the article is to analyze a new Criminal code of the Republic of Lithuania (in force from the 1st of May, 2003), with the aim to highlight its differences from the old one, and, thereby, to discern the most important novelties while discussing their advantages and possible difficulties (if any) in applying the new norms in practice.The author chooses to investigate only the general part of the criminal code and to analyze, according to the author's opinion, only the most important developments in it, as due to the extent of the article it is impossible to make a detailed analysis of all the novelties in the new criminal code.The author of the article chooses to analyse classification of offences, diminished responsibility, corporate liability, new factors eliminating criminal liability, reform of penalty system, and extension of possibilities to discharge from criminal liability.The research reveals that not all discerned novelties are functioning properly and that some critical issues may be indicated, but, in general, the new criminal code is valued as a positive achievement and a great move towards the enhancement of Lithuanian criminal law.Conclusions of this work, obtained through scientific research, may be used to improve existing criminal code in practice.
3
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IS RESTORATIVE JUSTICE AN APPROPRIATE LEGAL REMEDIATION FOR SEXUAL VIOLENCE?

100%
Kazic E., Ćorović R.
Review of European and Comparative Law
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2019
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vol. 37
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issue 2
65-95
EN
This paper questions applicability of restorative justice in cases of sexual violence. Specific nature and serious consequences of sexual violence are the reason why this question appeared. In order to find out the answer, authors represented the characteristics, mechanisms and nature of restorative justice, offering in the same time comparition of arguments in favor and against of applicability of restorative justice in this, particulary sensitive type of criminal offences. Together with review of different theoretical approaches to this matter, authors tested applicability of restorative justice in cases of sexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this paper  normative, comparative and historical scientific methods have been used.
4
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Environmental Protection Through the Instruments of Criminal Law

88%
Čentéš J.
Internal Security
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2018
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vol. 10(2)
187-196
EN
Environmental protection represents a complex and one of the most discussed issues, currently under consideration within the legal framework. The author in this article focuses on the environmental protection via the instruments of substantive criminal law in the Slovak Republic and thus represents a detailed analysis of the current legal regulation contained in the Criminal Code, which concentrates these instruments into 13 criminal merits analysed in part II of the presented article. These instruments can be considered effective with regard to preserving as well as improving the environmental quality — through the punishment of perpetrators of the most serious acts breaching the rules of environmental protection, by which the ideal of criminal justice is achieved (or can be achieved).
5
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On the potential for using selected PCA-based methods to analyze the crime rate in Poland

88%
Misztal M.
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
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2019
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issue vol. 23 no. 2
15-32
EN
The aim of the paper is to assess the potential for using some selected PCA-based methods to analyze the spatial diversity of crime in Poland during 2000-2017. Classical principal components analysis (PCA) deals with two-way matrices, usually taking into account objects and variables. In the case of data analyzed in the study, apart from two dimensions (objects – voivodships, variables – criminal offences), there is also the dimension of time, so the dataset can be seen as data cube: objects × variables × time. Therefore, this type of data requires the use of methods handling three-way data structures. In the paper the variability of some selected categories of criminal offences in time (2000- -2017) and space (according to voivodships) is analyzed using the between-class and the within-class principal component analysis. The advantage of these methods is, among others, the possibility of the graphical presentation of the results in two-dimensional space with the use of factorial maps.
6
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Spor o podstatu trestní odpovědnosti

63%
Kotlán P.
Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)
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2021
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vol. 160
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issue 9
697-714
EN
The essence of criminal liability has been the object of the controversy between supporters of formal concept with material correction and supporters of the formally material concept. The article tries to evaluate both concepts using legal research methodology and present a new approach. The controversy lies mainly in the role of subsidiarity of criminal repression in formulating criminal liability. It follows from the analysis that we may agree with the position of formally material position, e. g. the interpretation of social harmfulness, as a material aspect of a criminal offence, in the framework of legal characteristics of a criminal offence, not taking into account the circumstances of each case. More precise and more transparent application of subsidiarity of criminal repression is needed, in contrast to formally material concept, the concept of the formally material term is more suitable because it better distinguishes the fulfilment of social harmfulness regarding the characteristics of a criminal offence. The essence of the latter lies in the consistent evaluation of social harmfulness of each legal attribute of criminal offence, e. g. subject, object and objective aspect.
CS
Podstata trestní odpovědnosti je v českém právním prostředí dlouhodobě předmětem sporu mezi zastánci formálního pojetí s materiálním korektivem a formálně materiálního pojetí. Předkládaný článek je pokusem zhodnotit, důsledným uplatněním metod nalézání práva, přístup těchto dvou pojetí a rovněž představit koncepci vlastní. Jádro sporu přitom spočívá zejména v tom, jakou roli sehrává při formulování trestní odpovědnosti subsidiarita trestní represe a s tím související vztah k odpovědnosti soukromoprávní. Z analýzy vyplynulo, že v zásadě lze přisvědčit formálně materiální pozici, která vykládá společenskou škodlivost, coby vyjádření materiální stránky trestného činu, v rámci zákonných znaků skutkové podstaty, přičemž k okolnostem každého případu při posuzování otázky viny nepřihlíží. Pro ještě jednoznačnější a transparentnější aplikaci subsidiarity trestní represe však shledávám, oproti materiálně formálnímu pojetí trestného činu, příhodnější koncepci formálně materiálního pojmu, neboť ta lépe diferencuje naplnění společenské škodlivosti ve vztahu k jednotlivým zákonným znakům skutkové podstaty trestného činu. Její podstata spočívá v tom, že společenskou škodlivost důsledně hodnotí v rámci určitého zákonného znaku skutkové podstaty trestného činu, tj. subjektu, objektu a objektivní stránky.
7
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International dimension of a juvenile justice

63%
Zavorina O.
Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem
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2021
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issue 6
115-123
EN
The article legally analyses international standards of the interrogation of juveniles who are suspected of having committed a criminal offence. The procedural order and tactical features of the interrogation of a minor, that are outlined in international law, are analysed. The author defines the criteria, specific rules of interrogation, as well as requirements for such procedural action. Further improvement of national legislation in accordance with international standards in the field of criminal procedural support of pre-trial investigation is necessary.
PL
Artykuł prawnie analizuje międzynarodowe standardy przesłuchiwania nieletnich podejrzanych o popełnienie przestępstwa. Przeanalizowano porządek proceduralny i cechy taktyczne przesłuchania nieletniego, które są określone w prawie międzynarodowym. Autorka określa kryteria, szczegółowe zasady przesłuchania, a także wymagania dotyczące takiego postępowania procesowego. Niezbędna jest dalsza poprawa ustawodawstwa krajowego zgodnie z międzynarodowymi standardami w dziedzinie postępowania karnego wspierającego postępowanie przygotowawcze.
8
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Environment protection in the legal system of Albania: The current situation in Albania on combating environmental crimes and the new reform directions

63%
Selimi S., Zaganjori X.
Academicus. International Scientific Journal
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2016
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issue 14
28-41
EN
The scope of this article is twofold, on one hand; it makes an analysis of the current situation of the environment protection through the criminal law in the Albania, by proving a legal landscape on the current criminal conducts as are foreseen by the Criminal Code of Albania. It starts with an introduction which aims to highlight the status play of the increased attention that is being shown for the environmental protection in the global arena. Then it makes an assessment on the definition of the environmental harm, and the technical-legal approaches utilised for the protection of the environment. After that, this article makes a description of the legal concept of environment in Albania and analyses the existing criminal offences as they are foreseen by the Criminal Code. On the other hand, the article makes a preliminary assessment of the new coming reform on the environmental crime in Albania, by trying to identify the problematic issues and their address by the draft-law. The conclusions reached at the end shows the evolution of the concept of environment and its protection, welcomes the new reform by noting the need of the judicial authorities to be trained in order to be fully implemented.
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