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EN
In article is described solving of transport crisis situation I Czech condition. There are very special words, specific activities, specific methods and others. Great respect is put on natural and people threats. As very important is possible reaction for arising crisis and crisis situation. From society point of view there is public administration during crisis and crisis situation. The field of transport is very important part of state proceedings. The carriage able of transport network is one important task for society.
EN
Weapons of mass destruction pose a threat that all health care institutions should be prepared for. Every health care centre can be an essential part of the joint system of response when a critical situation occurs. Although, since 1945, no nuclear weapon has been employed in any armed conflict, cases of both chemical and radiological weapon use have been reported. Taking into account the analysts’ opinion that the 21st century has begun a super-terrorism era (Alexander and Hoenig 2001, p. 7) and, hence, the increased interest of terrorist organisations in acquiring mass destruction weapons, it is difficult to point out the location of a possible attack. A terrorist attack with the use of weapons of mass destruction may happen in any place, both urban and rural. According to the strategy adopted in the event of a critical situation resulting from such attack, the heavily injured should be transported to hospitals located in the closest location of the incident at the proper stage of evacuation. The problem is, however, to prepare a sufficient number of places for all victims of an attack and to provide them with professional medical care. In this context, it seems justified to consider the role and capabilities of the basic (primary) health care, as the most popular element of the health care system that has the resources to operate in a critical situation, and as the institution protecting citizens’ lives and health, i.e. the national safety attributes.
EN
Objectives: The aim of the article is to present the role of the public manager in crisis management based on the analysis of stakeholders of a selected hospital. Research Design & Methods: Based on the adopted research methodology, an analysis of stakeholders in a selected health care unit was performed. The study used a hospital stakeholder analysis methodology in the context of managing an emergency resulting from the coronavirus pandemic. Findings: The need for a flexible approach on the part of the public manager requires a proper identification of the interests of stakeholder groups as well as the establishment of good communication. In a crisis situation, this approach is particularly important. Implications / Recommendations: On this basis, recommendations were formulated with regard to both theoretical and practical aspects of the research problem. The role of hospital stakeholders in managing a crisis situation is indicated. Contribution / Value Added: Managing a crisis situation in the context of the coronavirus pandemic is a significant challenge for managers of health care units. In the future, the presented research area can be continued, among other retrospective studies.
PL
The article contains an analysis of types and effectiveness of crisis communication tactics utilized by Polish political parties from September 2006 to October 2013. The content analysis of statements which were created by Polish politicians allowed to identify 10 types of crisis communication schemes. The statistical analysis of the public opinion polls reveals that only one kind of tactics, named the expiation tactics, did not prove to be successful in solving the crisis situation in the covered period.
EN
In article is described solving of transport crisis situation in Czech condition. There are very special words, specific activities, specific methods and others. Great respect is put on natural and people threats. As very important is possible reaction for arising crisis and crisis situation. From society point of view there is public administration during crisis and crisis situation. The field of transport is very important part of state proceedings. The carriage able of transport network is one important task for society.
EN
The protection of historic properties in case of an armed conflict and crisis situations should be a part of public tasks. The fundamental act regulating the issue of the historic buildings preservation in Poland is the Act of 23 July 2003 on the protection of monuments and the care of historical monuments. In terms of the monuments protection in case of danger, the managers of the organisational units, and bodies preparing monuments protection plans or employees authorized by them are responsible for the organisation, co-ordination, and directing of the preparatory work. In turn, the heritage preservation plans are an integral part of the civil defence plans and are the subject to the annual update.
EN
The text is devoted to the subject of an emergency, or crisis, situation in a psychological context. There are described the concepts of stress, stressful situation, crisis and crisis situation. By discussing in detail the areas of impact of strong emotions on people, the author tries to expose tools and recommended ways of reacting to such situations through police actions.
EN
In the article, the author undertakes to point out the most problematic places in the functioning of social assis-tance institutions in relation to the image they create. He indicates the need to introduce thinking and changes in the field of Public Relations activities that could help social welfare institutions strengthen their image, better cope with crisis situations. The author shows why such issues as internal communication, visual identification, responsibility for image or cooperation with local institutions and the local community can be a way to better functioning and more effective and more satisfying work.
EN
The text is devoted to the subject of crisis situations within the meaning of police operations. Depending on the categories and types of these situations, the author lists their typologies and legal grounds to conduct police operations in the event of their occurrence. The publication also provides a fairly detailed description of the character and nature of particular types of crisis situations.
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PL
Zdolność do podejmowania optymalnych decyzji w warunkach kryzysowych jest szczególną umiejętnością, którą powinni posiadać funkcjonariusze i pracownicy służb, straży i agencji, realizujący zadania w konfrontacji z sytuacjami, stanowiącymi zagrożenie dla społeczeństwa. Rozwój cywilizacyjny społeczeństw, w tym także procesy globalizacji sprawiają, że sytuacji kryzysowych może pojawiać się coraz więcej. Zatem istotnym problemem jest odpowiednie przygotowanie określonych osób do podejmowania racjonalnych działań w sytuacjach kryzysu. Należy również podkreślić, że działanie w omawianych warunkach związane jest z presją czasu, zaskoczeniem czy ryzykiem, a to może przyczynić się do pojawiania się u ludzi negatywnych stanów emocjonalnych. Należy zatem pamiętać, że osoby odpowiedzialne za podejmowanie decyzji w takich warunkach muszą posiąść umiejętności zachowania odpowiedniego poziomu zaangażowania i motywacji w sytuacjach niebezpiecznych i wymagających maksymalnego wysiłku psychofizycznego oraz posiadać znaczną odporność psychiczną.
EN
The article gives an overview of the folk culture mechanisms that helped to cope with the pandemic situation in Belorussia during the first wave of COVID-19 (until midsummer 2020). The article is based on the qualitative analysis of interview texts related to the pandemic as well as the content of internet users’ visual reactions (memes, poems, proverbs). In folk culture the mechanisms helping to overcome the crisis situation often have a ritual-magical nature. When describing the influence of the pandemic on some practices, the authors conclude that their performing in the crisis situation was especially important for the community. One of the ancient rituals activated for preventing the epidemic was the creation of a magic circle around the village by conducting a procession around the village with a ritual towel (‘rushnik-abydzionnik’), which had to be made within one day. On March 28, this one-day-ritual was performed in Minsk with the greatest possible adherence to tradition. The initiators and participants of the practice were mainly representatives of the Students Ethnographic Society. Not all women present knew how to spin or weave, but some of the simplest operations were mastered. The towel was carried around Minsk and brought to a stone on the site of a pagan temple in the centre of Minsk at the sunset. The towel was tied around the stone, and the latter was also covered with threads spun on the same day. The ritual relieved the tension of the participants and fostered awareness of their solidarity, strengthening collective networks, and the feeling of empathy and unity. COVID-19 also affected the living traditions in Belarus. Some traditional practices were cancelled or postponed. The spread of the pandemic created a negative backdrop for living traditions. However, a number of rites and ceremonies were carried out despite the pandemic in accordance with their spatial and temporal reference. Due to the difficult epidemiological situation, the usual order of ceremonies was changed – their duration was reduced without changing the traditional rite structure. Only local residents participated in the rituals; although, formerly, many journalists and tourists had come to the villages from different parts of the country on the days of the ceremonies. For tradition bearers, such practices during a pandemic are a way to relieve stress and to share problems with people with similar interests. Traditions are one of the constants of their life; maintaining them in times of crises stabilizes the community. The coronavirus pandemic has caused a powerful explosion of folk art. The texts of various genres, both oral and written (graphic), are rapidly spreading on the Internet. A large number of them are based on the traditional worldview of Belarusians and are expressed in traditional forms (alterations, ditties, anecdotes, anti-sayings, paroemias, etc.). The role of humour has grown tremendously. Jokes and laughter in the face of an external threat are a compensatory mechanism that helps to overcome fear and uncertainty, and common laughter unites and helps to learn new rules of behaviour. Humour is not concerned with the threat of getting ill, but rather individual hygiene practices, the situation of quarantine, and circumstances of the new reality. Thus, humorous folklore becomes a way to adapt to new norms and to overcome fear and instability.
EN
This publication deals with the contemporary possibilities of using resources and the Polish Armed Forces in the process of crisis management. Newer threats and rapidly changing environment requires a new perspective on the role that should meet the Polish Armed Forces in ensuring the security of the country. New challenges require not only the creation of legislation that will provide capacity for action in the formal aspect, but also upgrading units and sub-dislocation of military units in order to effectively carry out the tasks of crisis management.
EN
The purpose of research was to indicate the political communications of political parties on social media, during political crisis in Poland. It was hypothesized, that the political crisis allowed the promotion of political party platforms among citizens. The research results showed that parties used fanpages on Facebook to politically discredit their political opponents, shaping or promoting their own images. I specified: the subject area of published posts, the kind of posts, form of promotion the image and form of engagement of users. I applied quantitative and qualitative research. Content analysis and comparative methodology were used.
EN
The authors’ purpose in this article is to present the way in which strategic leaders may use analytical tools to operate during crisis. Their actions is based on the idea of six main tasks, the so-called “Six Makings”, that they have to accomplish. The idea of critical tasks during crisis was presented on the basis of the COVID-19 situation in Poland and the activities carried out by the Polish government and the Polish Health-care System (Strategic Leaders) to neutralize the negative effects of the pandemic, protect the health and lives of citizens, and care for the economic situation. Qualitative data analysis techniques were used in the research process. The authors concluded that in times of crisis, citizens rely on their leaders and believe that they will ensure their security and a swift return to customary. Strategic leaders must guarantee that the organizations and stakeholders they lead are prepared to counter the future challenges - foreseen and unforeseen alike. The “Six Makings” analytical tool, properly used, could significantly improve the accuracy of decisions made and increase the effectiveness of actions taken.
EN
Communications made by marketing specialists during the COVID-19 pandemic differ greatly from the journalistic communications creating a climate of fear. Companies are trying to exert a positive influence on customer attitudes and draw their attention to the marketing offering by neutralising their sense of threat and informing them of protective measures taken and of the potential health benefits of purchasing the products offered or the service provided. The constant trends are to use allusive statements and tabooisation of the language sphere associated with the pandemic. One of the factors that can help attract a potential customer is humour, which creates a distance from the hazard. This article presents the various roles played by marketing specialists in a pandemic-triggered crisis situation (e.g. the role of the victim, the role of the saviour who provides safety, health and good mood). The study examines the posts published on Facebook pages by randomly selected companies between October and December 2020.
EN
In part I, the article presents the characteristics of non-military crisis situations, including natural threats and technical failures, terrorist threats, hybrid activities and disturbance of public order. The specified crisis situations imply specific actions of the public administration, which carries out its mission on the basis of national and international legal regulations. However, the forces and resources of the civil administration are not always able to provide assistance to all victims of crisis situations, in accordance with the applicable procedures. The implementation of procedures for providing aid and liquidating the effects of crisis situations requires specific, logistically prepared forces and resources. The legal regulations introduced on the basis of experience, including Poland's membership in NATO, enable the use of military forces to provide logistical support to the administration in crisis situations, under the so-called crisis logistics. Hence, the second part of the article presents the legal basis for the use of the Armed Forces in the logistic support of the civil administration, with particular emphasis on engineering troops and their support components, prepared for the liquidation of the consequences of crisis situations.
XX
For a couple of decades telephone crisis services called hotlines or helplines have been an important instrument in the process of providing help and assistance to people in distress. The idea of providing psychological help and support over the telephone was born of sincere kindness and sympathy of human heart but with time it evolved towards a standardized scientific discipline based on rules and procedures. The paper outlines the history of telephone crisis services and points to their most important functions in contemporary, globalized world.
PL
W opracowaniu ukazano złożoną problematykę zarządzania sytuacją kryzysową w przedsiębiorstwie. Poszukiwano odpowiedzi na pytania: czy sytuacją kryzysową można w ogóle zarządzać, zwłaszcza w warunkach chaosu i niepewności? Ponadto czy jest możliwe by kadry kierownicze były w stanie zarządzać sytuacją kryzysową, zwłaszcza, że trudno jest przewidzieć możliwe zagrożenia a jeszcze trudniej się do nich przygotować? W opracowaniu omówiono zagadnienia związane z rozpoznawaniem sytuacji kryzysowej, przyczynami kryzysu oraz jego przebiegiem. Wskazano na istotę zarządzania kryzysowego i redefiniowanie strategii w warunkach kryzysu.
EN
The study shown the problems of crisis management company. Sought answers to questions: whether the crisis situation in general, you can manage, especially in conditions of chaos and uncertainty? Furthermore, is it possible that managers are able to manage the crisis, especially since it is difficult to predict the possible risks and even harder to prepare for them? This paper discusses issues related to the recognition of crisis, the causes of the crisis and its course. Pointed out the essence of crisis management and redefining strategies in crisis conditions.
EN
This article aims to present reflections on the organization and functioning of crisis management in the event of an emergency at the national level. It is also presented to show the correct operation of one of the levels of crisis management system of the Republic of Poland indicating the tasks and powers of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers in the structure of crisis management and to present public administration activities in the event of an emergency.
EN
Part I presented the characteristics of non-military crisis situations, including natural threats and technical failures, terrorist threats, hybrid activities and disturbance of public order. The specified crisis situations imply specific actions of the public administration, which carries out its mission on the basis of national and international legal regulations. However, the forces and resources of the civil administration are not always able to provide assistance to all victims of crisis situations, in accordance with the applicable procedures. The implementation of procedures for providing aid and liquidating the effects of crisis situations requires specific, logistically prepared forces and resources. The legal regulations introduced on the basis of experience make it possible to use military forces to provide logistical support to the administration in crisis situations. Hence, in the second part of the article, the authors focused on presenting and familiarizing the reader with the possibility of using the Armed Forces in logistic support of civil administration, with particular emphasis on engineering troops and their support components, prepared to eliminate the effects of crisis situations.
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