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EN
Audiovisual translation in the form of subtitles requires a very special approach in which the task of the translator is not only to transfer dialogue from one language to another, but also to establish the degree of universality carried by the film’s message and to make necessary changes to the content. Kieślowski’s film Blind Chance is full of references to contemporary Polish history as well as characteristic elements of everyday reality during the Communist era. The aim of this article is to analyse translations of selected dialogues from the film and to reflect upon the possibility/impossibility of carrying out a cultural transfer, which determines the extent to which the film is understood by foreign viewers.
EN
In the second half of the 19th century, Polish newspapers paid attention to British culture, history, and politics; and since Helena Modrzejewska joined the Warszawskie Theatres, Shakespearean drama featured prominently in the repertories of the Warsaw stage. Yet whereas the significance of Shakespeare’s work for the Polish (and Warsaw) theatre and culture of the 19th century has been appreciated and thoroughly investigated (just as the influence of English romantic poets on Polish literature), so far no one has looked into the potential inspiration with British, and especially London, popular repertories in the Polish theatre of the period. The article brings a review of Warsaw repertories since 1814/15 until 1900/01 with respect to this problem, focusing not only the Narodowy Theatre, transformed later into the Warszawskie Theatres, but also taking into account the offer of garden theatres, which dramatically changed the Warsaw theatre scene after 1868. The author’s statistics based on the repertories collected by the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Jagiellonian collection of information about foreign drama in Poland as well as press publications from the period are an integral part of the study presented in this article. The analysis of repertories, press publications, and travel diaries and memoirs reveals that despite the Polish fascination with the British Empire, its institutions, and civilisation, Polish theatre artists, including garden theatre entrepreneurs, consistently refused to stage plays of British popular theatre, which they viewed as barbaric and of poor taste. The nearly complete lack of cultural transfer between the London and Warsaw popular theatres, and the few exceptions discussed in this article, constitutes an enigma that cannot be fully explained by the geopolitical situation of Warsaw in the 19th century.
EN
In the last twenty years, the method of the so-called cultural transfers in the context of Jewish studies shows itself as very helpful, especially in the research of Jewish identity and cultural processes in general. The following article uses this method and the example of the well-known German- -Jewish painter and graphic artist Jakob Steinhardt, and the artists from his environment to examine the relationship between Expressionism and Jewish identity and their origins. The individual connections between the artists are analysed as well as their works and the reflection in the Zionist press.
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he fans of French songs have recently received a real windfall: two CDs prepared by Michał Bajor with the French songs chosen by the artist. Polish translations by Wojciech Młynarski, very accurate at the level of meaning, are an important advantage of the publication. However, the high fidelity between the original and the translation does not provide the excellent compatibility between both groups of texts. This article shows, from the point of view of the process of translation, the functioning of the songs selected by the authors of the disc both in the target and original culture. While in France many of the songs selected by Michał Bajor are considered as classics that have no longer a special interest among the French auditors, on a contrary in the Polish culture it is possible to observe the enduring interest in this form of creation. Interestingly, we find that the average Polish recipient perceives the song from the perspective of artists such as Edith Piaf, Charles Aznavour and Joe Dassin, without being aware of new trends in music. We are therefore faced with an interesting cultural transfer process, in which the faithful translation does not guarantee the absence of deformation, resulting in this case, at least in part, from differences in the “time‑space” of the original and the translation.
EN
The essay focuses on Carlo Goldoni’s musical drama Il mondo alla roversa put on stage in 1759 in Moscow by the company of Giovanni Battista Locatelli. In particular, it investigates the reasons why the impresario adapted this satirical and misogynist comic opera in his repertoire and the transformations that the libretto underwent to fit into the socio-political context governed by women rulers.
IT
Partendo dall’analisi delle modifiche occorse nel libretto de Il mondo alla roversa di Carlo Goldoni, allestito nel 1759 a Mosca dalla compagnia di Giovanni Battista Locatelli, si studiano le ragioni che hanno spinto l’impresario ad accogliere quest’opera nel proprio repertorio. Inoltre il saggio riflette sulla risemantizzazione a cui questo dramma giocoso dalle venature misogine è stato soggetto in un contesto in cui la gestione del potere da parte delle donne rappresentava un concreto scenario politico.
EN
This paper concerns translatory, theatrical etc. transfer in different theatre landscapes (especially the United States of America, the German-speaking countries,Russia and France), from the beginning of the 1980s to the first decade of the 21st century. The playwright is Janusz Głowacki (1938), one of the internationally most frequently staged Polish playwrights of the last decades. Of specific interest is the American theatre landscape – “between art and trade“ – in which Głowacki “reinvented“ and “promoted“ himself as a playwright: changing the textual make-up of his plays in reference to his translators, theatrical experience (specific stagings), new political circumstances etc. Consequently, there is no canonic, binding textual basis for translators. The production of drama and drama translation proceeds in a way that the traditional difference between source and target text is abolished. This case of “circular transfer” takes place in Głowacki’s first longer play, Kopciuch (Cinders) and his internationally most frequently staged play, Antygona w Nowym Jorku (Antigone in New York).
EN
The article deals with the impact and reception of reformational ideas in Bulgarian culture in the perspective of modernization problems. The subject of the analysis is both the local understanding of the concepts “Reformation” and “Protestant propaganda” as well as the activity of (neo)protestant missions in the Bulgarian lands in the 19th and 20th centuries. The aim is to identify the links between Bulgarian modernity and Protestant thought and to problematize relations between cultural facts and the official discourse on the subject. The “Bulgarian case” illustrates the modern Orthodox-Protestant meeting and, in this sense, the problem of adaptation of “foreign” patterns in the process of the modernization of culture.
EN
The article analyzes one of the forms of nomadism in the intellectual world, which is called cultural transfers. One of the directions in the study of cultural transfers is the migration of concepts and notions between scientific knowledge (in this case linguistic) and literary experience (mainly experimental). The article is devoted to one of such migration trajectory from the perspective of interdiscourse methodology. We discuss the works of one of the agents of cultural transfer in the field of linguistics – R. Jakobson. The task of the article is to draw a trajectory according to which the linguistic concepts of Jakobson intertwine with parallel processes in literary (mainly poetic) experiments. The analysis concludes that precisely in connection with close contexts and transfers between poetry and linguistics, the Russian science of language represented by Jakobson develops a view of literature as a special language and a special communicative system. This trend is not typical for the Anglo-American linguistic tradition of the twentieth century, the quintessence of which in the middle of the century was represented in the theories of N. Chomsky and his circle.
EN
The aim of the article is to discuss the Sarmatian cultural transfer into the social space of Lor-raine as a manifestation of the Polish cultural identity of the king of Poland, duke of Lorraine and Bar, Stanislaus Leszczynski, a European and a citizen of the world. Leszczynski’s prolific contributions in his new homeland had its roots in the Sarmatian culture, one in which he grew up and which became ingrained in his consciousness. Through the Polish monarch and his Polish entourage, elements of Polish cultural identity-profoundly anchored in the Sarmatian background-began to permeate into the social space of the new homeland of Lorraine.
EN
The article poses a research question, important not only in the studies on (neo-)gnosticism, concerning the relationship between the gnostic strategies of interpreting the world (and especially its typical rules of classifying people, based on the externalization of evil) and the tendency to construct a figure of “hylic” as a person embodying evil, and thus “unworthy of life”. In this context, the author is interested in the dynamics of the relationship between the religious worldview declared by the authors, the one they actually profess, and their attitude towards the so-called Jewish question. Bulgarian material, which is a case of a particular kind of aporia, cognitive dissonances emerging due to tension between the pressure of cultural stereotypes, pragmatic (economic), religious, parareligious and humanistic thinking, has been analyzed on the basis of post-secular thought. The investigator posits that Bulgarian culture, despite the “economic” anti-Semitism that exists within it, did not produce a figure of a Jew the hylic that absorbs all evil and that could be inscribed (as is the case in popular Polish culture, among others) in every troublesome local political and symbolic context.
EN
A spectre is haunting Europe: The Korčula Summer School as a freethinking island and space for dialogue The Korčula Summer School and the journal Praxis associated with it occupy an important place on the map of Yugoslav intellectual history in the nineteen-sixties and seventies. Philosophers, sociologists and representatives of other professions considered the issues of Socialism, revolution, the idea of self-government. These direct contacts with Western intellectuals were not only an important contribution to the Yugoslav philosophical thought, but also constituted an input to the contemporary Western intellectual life.The aim of the article is to present the complex inter-institutional and interpersonal network by which the Yugoslav achievements of the so-called Praxis group became part of the European heritage. In this way, studying wandering ideas shows the Yugoslav culture to be not only receptive, but also creative and innovative. Widmo krąży po Europie. Korczulańska Szkoła Letnia jako wyspa wolnego myślenia i przestrzeń dialogu Na mapie jugosłowiańskiej historii intelektualnej istotne miejsce zajmują Korczulańska Szkoła Letnia (Korčulanska ljetna škola) i związane z nią czasopismo „Praxis”. W ich ramach filozofowie i socjologowie, a także przedstawiciele innych profesji, w latach 60. i 70. XX wieku podejmowali refleksję nad zagadnieniem socjalizmu, rewolucji, idei samorządności. Ożywione kontakty z zachodnimi intelektualistami stanowiły nie tylko istotny wkład w lokalną myśl intelektualną, ale także promieniowały na świat zachodni, gdzie również były dyskutowane i rozwijane.Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie licznych i skomplikowanych sieci międzyinstytucjonalnych i międzyludzkich, dzięki którym jugosłowiański dorobek filozoficzny tzw. grupy Praxis, stał się częścią dziedzictwa europejskiego. W ten sposób badanie idei wędrownych pokazuje, że kultura jugosłowiańska miała nie tylko charakter receptywny, ale także generowała idee istotne dla Europy Zachodniej.
PL
The article is focused on Sir Thomas Smythe’s Voiage and Enterteinment in Rushia (London, 1605, 4to) - an example of a ‘diplomatic travelogue’ which mainly covers the official part of the mission. Using the principles of discourse analysis, the author focuses on ideological and cultural prejudices which, though hidden, shape the ambassador’s perception of Muscovite court, bureaucracy, the country as such as well as the ultimate goals and limits of the diplomacy. According the travelogue, while equipped with practical knowledge English bureaucracy searches for new partners to bolster its economy, the art of husbandry, while the Muscovite one is still on the medieval level and remains 'theatrical', i.e. to impress the foreigners with the might and glory of the Russian tzar.
EN
Joanna Bator as a scholarship winner of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the Japan Foundation visited Tokyo three times. Published in 2004 (reprint 2011), L’éventail japonais (ang. The Japanese Fan) is the result of Bators Asian travels. L’éventail japonais is a personal and subjective recording of the experience of cultural otherness that feels an European, Polish writer while working as a lecturer at the University of Tokyo. In this book, Joanna Bator use an original creative technique she calls: zuihitsu, ie “as the brush guides.” The book therefore constituted a sort of collection or set of travel pictures which emerge an image of Japan.The sentimental threads presents in the book serve as a pretext for further discussion concerning anthropological problems and constitute a record of experience of Ego Cogito in the foreign cultural system of signs.
EN
This essay compares the original text, published in 1768 in Riga and Mitau, with its anonymous Russian translation as Priključenija četyrech rossijskich matrosov k ostrovu Špicbergenu burej prinesennych. In Russia this was read mainly within a learned or patriotic discourse, thus the central question here is how the translation transformed the hybrid German text and the way it constructs perception and judgment, affecting the encounter between the author and Russia. As a wanderer between cultures who was in Russian service for a long time, Le Roy adopted the pragmatic view of science dominant in academic discourse; however, as a man of the Enlightenment, with his own convictions rooted in pietism and in sensualist currents, he reflects historical and aesthetic matters connected with the prospects of the Enlightenment in Russia. The epigraph derived from Heliodorus “Inventrix consiliorum omnium est necessitas” (“Necessity is the inventor of all counsel”) as well as the introduction and an afterword suggest that this is a highly complex work in which the well-versed classicist Le Roy uses a tale set in the polar region paradigmatically to speculate on the requirements for realizing Enlightenment ideas in Russia and the chances of succeeding, giving voice to transgressive visions in the process.
EN
The paper presents an interview with Krzysztof Zanussi (born 17 June 1939), one of the most renowned award-winning Polish film directors. Some of his numerous films for television and cinema have been made in co-operation with German producers, including Manfred Durniok. His film Roads in the Night (Wege in der Nacht, 1979) was presented in 1980 in Cannes as part of the section “Un certain regard”. In Germany, Zanussi filmed not only some of his own screenplays, such as Imperative (Imperativ, 1982 – Special Jury Prize at the Venice International Film Festival in 1982), but also adaptations of Polish and German literature, for example House of Women (Haus der Frauen, 1977) based on a play by Zofia Nałkowska and Bluebeard (Blaubart, 1983) based on a novel by Max Frisch. In addition to those productions, he concurrently made films in Poland. Director of the TOR Film Studio since 1979. He produced films by such directors as Krzysztof Kieślowski and Agnieszka Holland. He currently works on a feature film entitled Ether.
EN
This article reconstructs the short career of Riccardo Selvi as a translator of Czech poetry. Thanks to archival documents and reviews published in Czech newspapers regarding his work, we have been able to reconstruct his rather singular literary path. In addition to his translation of Máj (‘May’) by K.H. Mácha — his most famous exploit —, we examine his translation of the libretto for Antonín Dvořák’s Rusalka in the context of the controversy that ensued in the newspaper Lidové noviny. Selvi’s efforts help to shed light on the essential role played by Czechoslovakian institutions, in terms of their financial support, and on various strategies of poetic translation outside the academic world during the 1930s.
EN
An undefined number of Spanish books held in the Special Collections of the Wrocław University Library (Poland) belonged once to the Yorck von Wartenburg family, which had a large private library in their Silesian residence in Klein Oels. The paper starts from the methodological approach to cultural mediation as described by cultural transfer studies and moves forth to contextualizing history of the private library, clarifying the role of the mechanisms involved in its creation (i.e. Ludwig Tieck’s private library) and presenting their interaction space (Joachim Ringelnatz as a librarian), to reach the conclusion that research on historical private libraries or on book provenance can be descriptive as well as it can show the interaction and exchange within a cultural realm.
EN
The present text deals with the phenomenon of short-term mobility from the Czech Lands to Latin America in the first half of the twentieth century, within the frame of the methodological approaches of entangled history and study of cultural transfers. Reflected are specific life histories, but also the general mechanisms of cultural and economic interchange as well as the perceptions, by the migrants themselves, of their place in the world, their “home” and their identity, on the basis of such sources as memoirs, letters and official reports, but also oral histories and family histories. The comings and goings of labor migrants left profound marks upon culture of the sending as well as receiving societies, and of the Atlantic region (in the broadest sense) in general.
CS
Cílem této studie je představit cestu českého geografa Jiřího Viktora Daneše (1880-1928) na Nový Zéland (1923), vysvětlit původ jeho fotografické sbírky a postulovat, jak Daneš představil svůj pohled na cizí kultury Českou společnost jako vědec a bývalý československý konzul v Sydney. Analýza obrazů ze severních a jižních ostrovů Nového Zélandu se zdá, že Daneš chtěl vzít svůj původní pohled na geomorfologii, přírodu, klima, společnost a kulturu života. Na základě své cestovní knihy Tři léta při Tichém oceánu (1926) je možné prohlásit, že Daneš používal fotografické snímky jako stopy a zdroje pro další vědecký výzkum a také pro popularizaci. Je objasněna struktura této archivní sbírky (pozitiva, skleněné negativy a diapositivy) a rozsah jejího poškození při povodních roku 2002. Pomocí archivní klasifikace a způsobu kulturního přenosu bylo možné obnovit bývalé fotografické archivy.
EN
The paper is devoted to analysis of the reflection of European innovations in the manuscripts of Old Believers and their everyday life in the late 18 th and early 20th century. The main sources the paper is based on are manuscripts from the depository of the Laboratory of Studies in Archaeography of the Ural Federal University - the largest depository of old- printed books and manuscripts in Russia outside Moscow and Saint-Petersburg. In the course of manuscript analysis, it was found that there were main directions of the foreign influence criticism: food restrictions, tobacco, clothes, outward appearance, customs, etc. The Old Believers’ relation to European innovations changed in time. It was determined by economical processes and processes of secularization. The Old Believers tried to substantiate acceptance of foreign innovations by writing essays in a traditional form. In addition, there were some differences between different social groups of the Old Believers. The Old Believers entrepreneurs accepted foreign innovations faster than other Old Believers.
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