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1

‘Coat Thieves’ and Bandits? Belarusian Counter-Memory of the ‘Cursed Soldiers’

100%

Dobrosielski P., Jaskułowski K., Majewski P.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2023

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vol. 128

45-65

EN

In the article, we analyse attitudes of representatives of the Belarusian minority in Poland towards the armed anti-communist underground operating in the Podlasie region after 1944 (the so-called ‘cursed soldiers’). Drawing on semi-structured interviews with various Belarusian actors, as well as on observations made during field research in the Podlasie region in June 2021, we are able to illustrate a clash between official commemorative practices and the local and communicative memory of the Belarusians. We analyse the role played by the collective memory of the underground among the Belarusian minority in Podlasie against the backdrop of the hegemonic politics of memory that glorifies the ‘cursed soldiers’ as national heroes. The analysis of counter-hegemonic memory accounts and their relation to dominant narratives uncovers the emotions generated by the hegemonic politics of memory among representatives of the Belarusian minority, who generally regard it as depreciating their experience and evoking a sense of endangerment. We show that Belarusian memory is perceived as incompatible with the ideological assumptions of the hegemonic Polish memory; therefore, we want to give voice to the marginalised representatives of the Belarusian minority. However, the Belarusian minority should not be perceived as a homogenous group – our analysis points to the fact that various actors various actors negotiate the hegemonic politics of memory in various ways when faced with the pressure of assimilation.

2

Oddział Franciszka Olszówki „Otta”. Z dziejów powojennej konspiracji antykomunistycznej

88%

Bednarek J.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2004

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issue 1(5)

197-219

3

Mit polityczny, czyli porządek polskiego dyskursu

88%

Dziadek M.

Facta Ficta. Journal of Theory, Narrative & Media

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2020

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vol. 5

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issue 1

31-47

EN

Historical politics play a crucial role in the creation of Polish national identity and often result in extreme and dangerous nationalism. It was Edward W. Said who had pointed out in his work entitled Culture and Imperialism that the interpenetration of politics and culture seems to be alarming. The main focus of this paper will be the contemporary text of culture in the lens of Polish (ergo: national-liberating) political discourse; thus Maria Janion’s statement about the life span of the messianic topic in Poland will be maintained. It is not hard to notice that the Polish culture is overflowing with images of sacrificing lives in the name of the fatherland which reinforces the normative paradigm of masculinity based on honor and rigidity. The mainstream production directed by Jerzy Zalewski which tells the story of Mieczysław „Rój” Dziemieszkiewicz (regarded as one of the cursed soldiers) seems to be a symptomatic example of a cultural text permeated with a solid worldview full of Polish martyrology axioms rooted in the era of Romanticism. The author of this text will employ a Montaignian approach to understand why historical figures are needed by Polish politicians to create a national identity and often gain a mythical status of supremacy. In this case, „guerrilla semiotics” introduced by Umberto Eco will be needed to decode the axioms and paradigms hidden under this visual text of culture. It seems to be dubious that the extension of anti-communist war discourse from 1944 to the Polish political arena subserves the formation of an inclusive community.

4

PROCES „INKI” W ŚWIETLE ÓWCZESNEGO PRAWA

88%

Olczyk M., Król M.

Civitas et Lex

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2017

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issue 2(14)

26-33

EN

Danuta „Inka” Siedzik was a nurse. During the Second World War she belonged to the Home Army and to the independence organizations, which fighted with communist rule after the war. She was sentenced to death penalty and shot in jail in Gdańsk at the age of 17 for her service and fight. She belongs to cursed soldiers, that means activists of anti-communist underground. Although she died in 1946, her memory has been cultivated only for a dozen or so years. The aim of the article was an analyze of documents and interpret of legal regulations, which applied to Inka’ case. In the article compared content of the documents with regulations and that time. No moral judgment was made on the court’s decision, but were presented only the facts.

5

Kino pamięci narodowej jako proteza: Filmy o żołnierzach wyklętych

88%

Durys E.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2019

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issue 51

EN

Cinema of national remembrance as a prosthesis: Polish films on cursed soldiersDespite the established position of historical cinema and the huge social expectations revealed by the reception of the long delayed release of Historia Roja (2016, dir. Jerzy Zalewski), Polish cinema, especially feature films, has only slightly contributed to the creation and preservation of the cursed soldiers phenomenon. In the article I focus on the contemporary films on cursed soldiers, both feature ones and documentaries, from the perspective of Alison Landsberg’s prosthetic memory. I will analyze the former using the Amanda Ann Klein’s concept of film cycles. I will describe the latter in the context of historical documentary filmmaking after 1989, referring to Mirosław Przylipiak’s findings. Kino pamięci narodowej jako proteza: Filmy o żołnierzach wyklętychMimo ugruntowanej pozycji kina historycznego i olbrzymich oczekiwań społecznych, które ujawniły reakcje na odwlekaną premierę Historii Roja (2016, reż. Jerzy Zalewski), polskie kino, zwłaszcza fabularne, w niewielkim stopniu przyczyniło się do współtworzenia fenomenu tzw. żołnierzy wyklętych. W artykule skupiam się na współczesnych filmach o żołnierzach wyklętych przez pryzmat koncepcji pamięci protetycznej Alison Landsberg, biorąc pod uwagę zarówno fabuły jak i dokumenty. Te pierwsze charakteryzuję, używając koncepcji cyklu filmowego Amandy Ann Klein. Te drugie opisuję, umieszczając je w nurcie dokumentalnych filmów historycznych po 1989 roku, przy czym odwołuję się do ustaleń Mirosława Przylipiaka.

6

Światy przeciwstawne: komunistyczna bezpieka wobec podziemia niepodległościowego

75%

Kurtyka J.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2004

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issue 1(5)

11-21

7

51%

Dobrowolski R.

Prawo i Polityka

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2018

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issue 8

133-153

EN

Identity music not only has its artistic values but also plays an educational role, as far as it is one of the parts which create politics of memory. The latter focuses on detailed analysis of connection between history and politics of a country. It is an instrument of: creating one’s historical awareness, defending good reputation of state / nation around the world and public activity. A rise of interest in history of Poland is observed among Poles. Issue of the Cursed Soldiers (Anti-Communist Polish Resistance) who became a part of interest for the young Poles as far as cultural code, is distinguished among this. Identity music is not only specific music genre defined by the lyrics concerning contemporary patriotism, but also promotion of national history. Main purpose of the ‘identity artists’ is to show an ethos, story about armed conspiracy during the Second World War and resistance against soviet captivity. Identity artists perform different music genres: bards compose sung poetry, rock, hard rock, heavy metal, neofolk, hip hop, rap and industrial music as well as mixture of the music genres.

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‘Coat Thieves’ and Bandits? Belarusian Counter-Memory of the ‘Cursed Soldiers’

Oddział Franciszka Olszówki „Otta”. Z dziejów powojennej konspiracji antykomunistycznej

Mit polityczny, czyli porządek polskiego dyskursu

PROCES „INKI” W ŚWIETLE ÓWCZESNEGO PRAWA

Kino pamięci narodowej jako proteza: Filmy o żołnierzach wyklętych

Światy przeciwstawne: komunistyczna bezpieka wobec podziemia niepodległościowego

Grammar of Emotions and Feelings in Contemporary Right-Wing Journalism about the Post-War Polish Independence Underground

Raport "O służbie bezpieczeństwa publicznego" z 1946 roku

[Dyskusja] Aparat bezpieczeństwa publicznego w walce z polskim podziemiem niepodległościowym

Likwidacja zgrupowania Narodowych Sił Zbrojnych Henryka Flamego „Bartka” w 1946 roku – próba rekonstrukcji działań aparatu bezpieczeństwa

Aparat represji wobec tarnowskich struktur Zrzeszenia „Wolność i Niezawisłość”

Tarnowska organizacja Zrzeszenia „Wolność i Niezawisłość” w latach 1945–1948

Rozpracowanie Wielkopolskiej Samodzielnej Grupy Ochotniczej „Warta” przez Wojewódzki Urząd Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego w Poznaniu

Od Miechowa do Coburga. Brygada Świętokrzyska Narodowych Sił Zbrojnych w marszu na zachód

Etos „żołnierzy wyklętych” w twórczości muzyków tożsamościowych jako przykład kreowania polityki historycznej