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Cyberzagrożenia na początku XXI wieku

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EN
The article tackles the problem of sensitivity to threats that appear in cyber space in the security policies of selected international agents, including among others: the USA, Poland, Israel, Russia, the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty. Cyber threats intensified with the development of information technology and the popularization of the Internet. Initially they were not very serious attacks done by self-taught programmers. Since mid-1990s the character of the hackers’ activity evolved with growing interest of individual countries in cyber space issues. Many countries, including the USA, Russia and China, began to focus on the development of their potential in this area in order to ensure maximum protection of their critical infrastructure against cyber attacks. In the 21st century the significance of cyber space for international security is constantly increasing. The promptness of response to new problems and the most appropriate path of development of the potential in this area will in the future determine not only the security but to some extent also the status of particular countries on the international arena.
SK
Informačná technika sa rozvíja mimoriadne významným spôsobom. Stala sa na jednej strane strategickým prostriedkom priemyslu, administratívy, bankového sektoru, ale napríklad aj ozbrojených síl. V posledných rokoch sa ukazuje, že hoci digitálny svet prináša obrovské výhody, je aj zraniteľný. Incidenty v rámci kybernetickej bezpečnosti , či už úmyselné, alebo náhodné, narastajú alarmujúcim tempom a mohli by narušiť poskytovanie základných služieb, ktoré považujeme za samozrejmé, ako je zásobovanie vodou, zdravotná starostlivosť, dodávka elektrickej energie alebo mobilné služby. Hrozby môžu mať rôzny pôvod – vrátane zločineckých, politicky motivovaných, teroristických alebo štátom podporovaných útokov, ako aj prírodných katastrof a neúmyselných chýb. Rozvoj informačných a komunikačných technológií má teda aj svoju tienistú stránku. Kybernetický priestor, tak ako svet fyzický, ponúkol možnosť realizácie sa negatívnej stránke človeka, ktorá má za následok vznik nových bezpečnostných hrozieb.
EN
Information technology is developing extremely significant. It has become the one of the strategic means of industry, administration, banking sector, but also the armed forces. In recent years, it appears that although the digital world brings enormous benefits, is also vulnerable. Incidents within the cyber security, whether intentional or accidental, are increasing at an alarming rate and could disrupt the delivery of basic services that we take for granted, such as water supply, health care, power supply and mobile services. The threats may have different sources - including criminal and politically motivated terrorist or state-supported attacks as well as natural disasters and unintentional errors. The development of ICT has therefore without its drawbacks. Cyberspace as a physical world, offered the possibility of carrying out the negative side of man, which has resulted in the emergence of new security threats.
EN
Electronic media has become an important pillar of the education and upbringing process of the young generation in the modern world. The virtual world is a very important living space and, at the same time, a space for the socialization and educational of children and adolescents. The augmentation of the didactic and educational process by modern information and communication technologies is already quite advanced and continues to take new forms, offering new, unlimited possibilities. However, it should not be forgotten that the use of virtual space by a young person is also burdened with a fairly extensive catalogue of threats and dangers. Therefore, it is extremely important to reflect on the specificity of the education process that may be supported through the use of the Internet and computers. It is considered extremely important from the pedagogical point of view to educate young users in the rational use of the opportunities offered by the mass media. Properly organized and systematically conducted media education plays a huge role in these activities.
PL
Media elektroniczne stały się we współczesnym świecie ważnym filarem procesu edukacji i wychowania młodego pokolenia. Świat wirtualny stanowi bardzo ważną przestrzeń życiową i jednocześnie socjalizacyjno-wychowawczą dzieci i młodzieży. Również wsparcie procesu dydaktyczno-wychowawczego przez nowoczesne technologie informacyjno-komunikacyjne jest już dość mocno zaawansowane i wciąż przybiera coraz to nowe formy oraz daje nowe, nieograniczone możliwości. Nie należy jednak zapominać, że korzystanie przestrzeni wirtualnej przez młodego człowieka obarczone jest także dość obszernym katalogiem zagrożeń i niebezpieczeństw. Dlatego też niezwykle ważne są refleksje nad specyfiką procesu wychowania i kształcenia wspieranego przez internet i komputer. Za bardzo istotne z pedagogicznego punktu widzenia uznaje się edukowanie młodych użytkowników mass mediów w zakresie racjonalnego korzystania z możliwości przez nie oferowanych. Ogromną rolę w działaniach tych pełni właściwie zorganizowana i systematycznie prowadzona edukacja medialna.
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