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PL
The article discusses the issue of eternal existence of God. The author offers an interpretation of selected excerpts from the New Testament, which show God as pre- or ante-eternal but not post-eternal, which means that He is an entity existing without a beginning but having an ultimate end. In order to support the suggested interpretation, the author formulates a philosophical “mercy-based proof for the current non-existence of God”. 
EN
The aim of the article is to examine the place of the problem of God’s death and of historiosophy in Polish academic discourse. The author analyses a discussion that took place during the 6th Philosophy Festival, which was held on 10–13 September 2013 in Olsztyn and which was organised by the University of Warmia and Mazury. She presents the whole spectrum of issues and problems tackled by scholars from all over Poland, and outlines the course of the discussion. In addition, she explores the current problem of the importance of philosophy and, in general, the humanities in the higher education system today. The author suggests a way in which philosophy should be promoted to raise awareness of its signifi cance to the development of both culture and science.
EN
The article compares three religious a comparison of three approaches to religion: Christian theism, atheism, and moderate theism – a concept built by the author of the article and presented in its first part. Moderate theism is one possible approach to the Supreme Being, within the framework of the classification formed by the intersection of two criteria: the beginning or a lack of the beginning of the existence of the Absolute and the end or a lack of the end of the existence of the Absolute. The author proposes the thesis that moderate theism, i.e. an approach which presupposes that the absolute does not have a beginning of its existence but that there is an end to it (it is eternal regressively but not eternal progressively) may be a concept which in a specific manner generalizes theism and atheism. What is more, a comparison of moderate theism with Christian theism and with atheism allows us to suppose that the concept of moderate theism avoids the weak points of both theism (i.a. the problem of reconciling human freedom and responsibility with the existence of a caring Good-shepherd, the problem of religious violence) and atheism (i.a. the problem of satisfying the existential need to exist after death, the problem of the ultimate justification of moral norms). The author also presents in his article a mercy-based argument for the current non-existence of God, which constitutes a philosophical justification of moderate theism.
EN
The death of God thesis is a siginificant one when it comes to the contemporary philosophy of religion. In this article we will try to present this thesis in the light of Gianni Vattimo’s philosophy in order to clarify the meaning of the death of God and also to critisize it. The article will be divided into three sections. The aim of the first one will be to show the ways in which the death od God thesis should not be understood. The aim of the second will be to present the actual meaning of the thesis. And the third one will be devoted to the critique of Gianni Vattimo’s philosophy of religion which constitutes itself as a result of accepting the death of God thesis.
PL
Teza o śmierci Boga jest niezwykle istotna we współczesnej filozofii religii. W niniejszym artykule postaramy się ukazać tę tezę w świetle filozofii Gianniego Vattima, aby wyjaśnić jej znaczenie oraz ją skrytykować. Artykuł zostanie podzielony na trzy sekcje. Celem pierwszej z nich będzie ukazanie niepoprawnych dróg rozumienia tezy o śmierci Boga. Celem drugiej zaprezentowanie właściwego jej znaczenia. Trzecia zaś poświęcona będzie krytyce filozofii religii Gianniego Vattima, która konstytuuje się jako wynik przyjęcia tezy o śmierci Boga.
PL
Marta Soniewicka, Utrata Boga. Filozofia woli Fryderyka Nietzschego, Copernicus Center Press, Kraków 2016, ss. 388
EN
The author of the article proposes the concept of the New Middle Ages and describes the modern and postmodern transformation taking place in Western culture, which is similar to the medieval period’s transition from the Greek-Roman world to the Christian world. With the help of the New Middle Ages concept, the transition from the Christian world to a presently unknown world of new values corresponding to the paradigms of science and technology can be defined. Such a transition is expressed by Friedrich Nietzsche’s idea of nihilism. It contains the postulate about a new man and a postulate about new values in response to the phenomenon of God’s death in the modern and post-modern world. Nietzsche’s nihilism is closely related to the fundamental changes taking place in Western culture. It not only includes negating the values that are the basis of the Christian world, but also the necessity to found new values based on the awareness of the absence of God who guarantees these Christian values. Nietzsche’s nihilism is also a critical reference to those attitudes, ones that do not notice such change of values at all or denies it altogether.
PL
Idea nowego średniowiecza w świetle nihilizmu Friedricha Nietzschego W artykule autor proponuje koncepcję nowego średniowiecza i opisuje nowoczesną i ponowoczesną przemianę zachodzącą w kulturze zachodniej, która przypomina przejście okresu średniowiecza ze świata grecko-rzymskiego do świata chrześcijańskiego. Za pomocą koncepcji nowego średniowiecza można zdefiniować przejście ze świata chrześcijańskiego do świata obecnie nieznanego, o nowych wartościach, odpowiadających paradygmatom nauki i techniki. Takie przejście wyraża idea nihilizmu Fryderyka Nietzschego. Zawiera się w nim postulat nowego człowieka i postulat nowych wartości w odpowiedzi na zjawisko śmierci Boga we współczesnym i ponowoczesnym świecie. Nihilizm Nietzschego jest ściśle powiązany z fundamentalnymi przemianami zachodzącymi w kulturze zachodniej. Obejmuje nie tylko zanegowanie wartości, które są podstawą świata chrześcijańskiego, ale także konieczność znalezienia nowych wartości, opartych na świadomości braku Boga, który gwarantuje wartości chrześcijańskie. Nihilizm Nietzschego jest też krytycznym odniesieniem do tych postaw, które takiej zmiany wartości w ogóle nie dostrzegają lub całkiem jej zaprzeczają.
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