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Decolonial thinking in Brazil: perspectives for overcoming digital colonialism through the protection of human rights

100%

Borges G. S., de Moura Faleiros Júnior J. L.

Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały

2021

issue 2(29)

The effects of colonialism persist until the present day, although many of its characteristics have been transformed through digital information technologies that enable algorithmically- driven environments in which the lack of regulation and governance perpetrates the exploitation of vulnerabilities. These colonial characteristics are equivalent to current digital information activities and they refer to the more general concept of coloniality. Thus, unlike colonialism, coloniality continues as a way of relating power, knowledge, being and gender, but on a more sophisticated environment. The emergence of new information and communication technologies, based on the mechanisms of Artificial Intelligence, has favored a virtual environment called Infosphere, in which informationally embodied organisms (inforgs), as well as the strengthening of a digital colonialism formed by technological companies from the Global North, allow the accumulation of wealth and profit at the expense of inequalities and social injustices imposed by a new hegemonic digital colonialism that emerges and is guided by surveillance capitalism, which, once again in history, causes epistemic violence in relation to other virtual knowledge sources, insofar as it considers people as the product or raw material of this nefarious system. The emergence of data protection laws all throughout the globe is still a recent phenomenon, but clearly not sufficiently effective as a counterpoint for the problem at hand. Improving information and AI ethics and algorithm development governance have been widely discussed and praised as adequate means to overcoming and/or diminishing the impacts of such unwanted practices. Even though that might still be regarded by some as a farfetched idea in a world of intercultural variety, pluralistic approaches to its understanding are an essential way of improving regulation. The Brazilian legal frameworks for Internet, privacy and data protection, which the research article will seek to deeply analyze, are still surrounded by skepticism due to the incipient sanction and liability enforcement mechanisms. Decolonial thinking is definitely an important subject and critically discussing the ever-challenging reality of the few global elites that currently dominate the Infosphere is an important step towards the desired ethical approach in Brazilian AI development. The forthcoming article has its main objective focused on the study of decolonial thinking in the aforementioned context of new hegemonic digital colonialism in Brazil. To achieve that goal, the deductive approach method shall be used, from the analysis of general premises in order to reach a particular conclusion, as well as bibliographic research.

TIES THAT (UN)BIND? THE CASE OF LATIN AMERICANS IN PORTUGAL AND SPAIN

58%

ALVES BRASIL J., CABECINHAS R.

Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

2018

issue 22

115-134

Latin American migration to Portugal and Spain is usually facilitated by the historical and cul-tural ties that bind Latin American and Iberian countries. Nevertheless, these bonds might also function as a means of reinforcing power asymmetries and social hierarchies. Based on Decolo-nial Thinking and on theories of Social Psychology, this study is aimed at analyzing the dual role of these ties, both as factors of approximation and as instruments of domination and violence. Therefore, we conducted individual interviews with 23 Latin Americans (from Brazil, Chile and Mexico), aged between 18 and 49 years old, who migrated to Portugal or Spain. Data were ana-lyzed through Thematic Analysis. The results allowed us to discuss: the use of language as an in-strument of domination; the existence of negative stereotypes regarding Latin America(ns) and the process of essentialization of the “Other”; and how Latin Americans are sometimes seen as a preferred type of migrant and at other times as being eternal foreigners. We hope this study serves as an incentive for future reflections on how the different forms of coloniality might still shape present-day intergroup relations among countries with a shared colonial past.

A migração latino-americana para Portugal e Espanha é geralmente facilitada pelos laços histó-ricos e culturais que unem países latino-americanos e ibéricos. No entanto, esses laços também podem funcionar como um meio de reforçar assimetrias de poder e hierarquias sociais. Baseado no Pensamento Decolonial e em teorias da Psicologia Social, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o duplo papel desses vínculos, tanto como fatores de aproximação quanto como instru-mentos de dominação e violência. Para tanto, realizamos entrevistas individuais com 23 latino-americanos (do Brasil, Chile e México), com idades entre 18 e 49 anos, que migraram para Por-tugal ou Espanha. Os dados foram analisados por meio de Análise Temática. Os resultados per-mitiram discutir: o uso da linguagem como instrumento de dominação; a existência de estereóti-pos negativos em relação à América Latina e aos latino-americanos e o processo de essencializa-ção do “Outro”; e como, às vezes, os latino-americanos são vistos como um tipo preferido de migrante e, em outras vezes, como eternos estrangeiros. Esperamos que este estudo sirva de in-centivo para futuras reflexões sobre como as diferentes formas de colonialidade ainda podem moldar as relações intergrupais atuais entre países com um passado colonial compartilhado.pt

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1 Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

1 Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały

1 ALVES BRASIL J.

1 Borges G. S.

1 CABECINHAS R.

1 de Moura Faleiros Júnior J. L.

1 2021

1 2018

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Decolonial thinking in Brazil: perspectives for overcoming digital colonialism through the protection of human rights

TIES THAT (UN)BIND? THE CASE OF LATIN AMERICANS IN PORTUGAL AND SPAIN