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1
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Self-Constraint: Ethical Challenges for Contemporaneity

100%
Stachowska I.
Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education
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2016
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issue 6
30-41
EN
The paper deals with issues related to self-constraint examined in the context of the social, environmental or economic threats and challenges generated by the contemporary civilization. The ability to limit one's own needs, and hence the issue of the reasonable use of goods is nothing new for ethics. However, after having realized the finite nature of natural resources, growing economic disproportions, and especially the exceeding consumption, that problem gains importance and calls for the recapitulation. The article, based on references to alternative models of consumers' behavior (sustainable consumption, voluntary simplicity) and sustainable strategies of development (degrowth), provides an argument why reflection on self-constraint is one of the critical areas of ethical reflection today. Self-constraint was presented as a voluntary, and individual approach of the moral agent towards other people and the natural environment.
2
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Constraint As an Ethical Postulate in the Context of Ecological Limits

100%
Stachowska I.
Ethics in Progress
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2016
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vol. 7
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issue 1
1-20
EN
The problem of natural resources being finite as well as the capability of ecosystems and the biosphere to assimilate the effects of economic activity on the one hand, and growing economic discrepancies on the other raise a question mark over the chase after the unrestrained economic growth. In the search for alternative models of thinking and development a significant role of constraint is being more and more emphasized. In the case of ecological barriers limitation of using non-renewable resources, greenhouse gases emissions, excessive consumption and production seems to be a reasonable strategy that manifests our care for the natural environment. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that the postulate of constraint present in the de-growth model in the form proposed by Tim Jackson and Serge Latouche apart from a quantitative dimension has, above all, a qualitative and ethically orientated dimension. Constraint conceived in the above way stays close to terms like moderation, restraint, sustainability, i.e. such terms that possess solid ethical foundations and constitute an important base for environmental ethics. 
3
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COLLABORATIVE PATTERNS OF LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY IN COMMUNITY SOCIAL ENTERPRISES: AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY

88%
Kovanen S.
Quaestiones Geographicae
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2020
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vol. 39
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issue 4
EN
The article presents results from a research on the relevance and challenges of collaboration for the long-term sustainability of rural community enterprises. The study relies on Communities of Practice and Degrowth theories. Methods include semi-standardised interviews and focused ethnography in two community enterprises in rural areas in Germany and Portugal. Main results confirm the relevance of collaborative relations with residents, public sector, peer organisations and within the teams for both stability and transformative power of the organisations’ work. Respectful handling of privileges and balance in participation and professionalisation support sustainability, whereas institutional stagnation and involuntary degrowth may risk it.
4
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On the Concept of Good with Continual Reference to Economy. What is the axiological background of collaborative consumption society?

88%
Nowak K.
Research Papers in Economics and Finance
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2022
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vol. 6
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issue 1
5-17
EN
The rationale for choosing the object of research is the recognition of the socio-cultural validity of new ways of management (New Economy), interpreted as a response to the exhaustion of traditional ways in which societies function, i.e. those based on ideas of growth and ownership. The aim of the article is to analyse selected examples of redefinition of the concept of good in the context of new social narratives and the grounding of certain beliefs related to the idea of degrowth and sharing economy. The article is theoretical and references to contemporary research on cultural philosophy and social analyses of economic practice. A socio-regulatory concept of culture was adopted as a research perspective, and humanistic interpretation was used as an explanatory procedure. Qualitative data was analysed using atlas.ti, concept driven coding was used, and content analysis was limited to concept analysis and the creation of conceptual maps. The research results are supposed to show: 1. the impact of modern forms of economic practices using the Internet and IT technology on the redefinition of good, 2. how this redefinition builds the axiological background of society of collaborative consumption.
5
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Bezwarunkowy dochód podstawowy w perspektywie ekospołecznej

87%
Moll Ł.
Praktyka Teoretyczna
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2014
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vol. 12
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issue 2
59-76
EN
This article deals with constructive theoretical efforts to resolve dilemmas, that are present in the debates about an Unconditional Basic Income (UBI) and the need to ecological rationalization of economic systems. Putting together the arguments, which are present in both debates, the article supports the ecosocial frame for UBI, that – combined with other political ecology’s instruments – is the one of the most promising perspectives of social transition towards emancipatory and sustainable direction. Sketched perspective of social change seems to be very profound and ambitious, but it simultaneously helps to adress the main obstacles to UBI’s implementation and to the serious consideration of ecological aspect in programming the social development.
PL
Artykuł konfrontuje się z teoretycznymi próbami konstruktywnego rozwiązania dylematów, które pojawiają się na stykach debat o Bezwarunkowym Dochodzie Podstawowym (BDP) oraz tych dotyczących wymogów racjonalizacji systemów gospodarczych z przyczyn ekologicznych. Zestawiając ze sobą obecne w tych debatach racje, tekst argumentuje za ekospołecznym ujęciem BDP, które – korzystając z innych narzędzi ekologii politycznej – jest jedną z najbardziej obiecujących perspektyw transformacji społeczeństwa w kierunku emancypacyjnym i zrównoważonym. Zarysowana perspektywa zmiany przedstawia się jako bardzo ambitna i gruntowna, ale zarazem pozwalająca na jednoczesne zmierzenie się z kluczowymi barierami tak dla implementacji BDP, jak i dla realnego uwzględnienia w rozwoju społecznym aspektu ekologicznego.
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Navigating the paradox of social development: intersections of technology, exploitation, and sustainable welfare

63%
Baranowski M.
Przegląd Krytyczny
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2023
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vol. 5
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issue 2
7-14
EN
This paper explores the multifaceted concept of social development within economically advanced countries, delving into the implicit assumption of technological advancement as a cornerstone for well-functioning economies. While digital technologies shape broad socio-economic processes, a counterfactual perspective emerges when examining social development through the lens of (nature-based) social welfare. The analysis encompasses the coexistence of advanced technologies with disparities in living standards, resource appropriation mechanisms impacting both populations and environments, and the underexplored negative consequences of techno-economic development. The article addresses the visible and invisible impacts of information technologies, emphasising issues of labour exploitation, resource extraction practices, and the environmental costs of digital production. Critically assessing optimistic scenarios, the paper suggests the need to broaden discussions beyond the positive aspects of technology, considering the challenges for sustainable welfare posed by exploitative labour, resource extraction, and inequitable benefits. The study advocates for an inclusive approach to (nature-based) social welfare, encompassing marginalised issues and proposing concepts such as degrowth as potential solutions to the rapid development of information technologies and their societal implications.
7
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Jakiej refleksji potrzebujemy w epoce antropocenu? „Gramatyka” wystudzania wzrostu ekonomii ekologicznej

63%
Bińczyk E.
ER(R)GO: Teoria – Literatura – Kultura
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2023
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issue 47
85-108
EN
The article begins with an analysis of the inconvenient starting points for reflection on the Anthropocene, inspired by the position of Anna L. Tsing. Next, the interdisciplinary, normative and pluralistic field of ecological economics will be presented, with a particular focus on the concept of degrowth. The text will trace the “grammar” of this discipline, revealing its selected philosophical assumptions, methodological postulates and concepts. It will also look closely at Peter A. Victor’s concept of “management without growth.” It will seek answers to what degrowth is and why the cooling of growth is inevitable.
PL
Artykuł rozpoczyna analiza niedogodnych punktów wyjścia refleksji w epoce antropocenu, inspirowana stanowiskiem Anny L. Tsing. Następnie przedstawiona zostanie interdyscyplinarna, normatywna i pluralistyczna dziedzina ekonomii ekologicznej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem koncepcji dewzrostu. Prześledzimy „gramatykę” tej dyscypliny, odsłaniając jej wybrane założenia filozoficzne, postulaty metodologiczne i pojęcia. Przyjrzymy się również bliżej koncepcji „zarządzania bez wzrostu” Petera A. Victora. Będziemy szukać odpowiedzi na pytania, czym jest dewzrost i dlaczego wystudzenie wzrostu jest nieuniknione.
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In the Pursuit of Degrowth. Reformed Churches’ Theological Critique of Capitalism

63%
Kantyka P.
Studia Oecumenica
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2021
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vol. 21
165-177
PL
W artykule podjęto zagadnienie teologicznej krytyki kapitalizmu ze strony Kościołów reformowanych. Cztery główne wątki krytyki to: 1) nieumiarkowana akumulacja dóbr i kapitału oraz utowarowienie człowieka; 2) doprowadzanie krajów Trzeciego Świata do niespłacalnego zadłużenia; 3) rabunkowa gospodarka dobrami naturalnymi oraz szkody wyrządzane środowisku naturalnemu; 4) pułapka niepohamowanego wzrostu. Jako skuteczny sposób wyjścia z tych zagrożeń proponowana jest droga tzw. „post-wzrostu”, na który składa się umiarkowanie w produkcji dóbr dostosowane do rzeczywistych potrzeb, poszanowanie środowiska poprzez wdrożenie zasad zrównoważonego rozwoju, a wreszcie przyjęcie postawy samoograniczania się jako koniecznej formy ascezy. „Post-wzrost” jest więc ideą skupiającą w sobie także drogi do przezwyciężenia „ekonomii chciwości” i wprowadzenia „ekonomii życia”
EN
The article discusses the theological criticism of capitalism on the part of the Reformed Churches. The four main themes of criticism are: 1) immoderate accumulation of goods and capital and the commodification of man; 2) leading Third World countries to unpayable debt; 3) plundering of natural goods and environmental damage; 4) the trap of unrestrained growth. The idea of "degrowth" is proposed as an effective way out of these threats. This idea consists of moderation in the production of goods adapted in volume to real needs, respect for the environment by implementing the principles of sustainable development, and finally adopting the attitude of self-restraint as a necessary form of asceticism. "Degrowth" is therefore an idea that also brings together the ways to overcome the "economy of greed" and introduce the "economy of life".
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Idea wspaniałego antropocenu: wrogie przejęcie czy antropodycea?

63%
Bińczyk E.
Prace Kulturoznawcze
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2018
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vol. 22
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issue 1-2
31-44
EN
The article discusses claims and postulates of the so-called An Ecomodernist Manifesto, signed in 2015 by such intellectuals as Ted Nordhaus, Michael Shellenberger, Ruth de Vries or David W. Keith. Ecomodernists (or ecopragmatists, as they liked to be called) believe in the possibility of creating the great or at least the good Anthropocene. Their theses are subsequently confronted in the text with a strong critical response articulated in A Degrowth Response to An Ecomodernist Manifesto, published in the same year. The presentation of the discussion is additionally enriched by the analysis of other arguments, invoked by such scholars as an Australian economist Clive Hamilton, an American ecosocialist Ian Angus, an Irish expert of environmental security Simon Dalby and a French sociologist and philosopher Bruno Latour. The aforementioned researchers interpret the ecomodernist idea of the good Anthropocene as un unjustified techno-optimism, as an attempt to hijack the idea of the Anthropocene, as a kind of highly controversial anthropodicy, and as groundless technological or neoliberal optimism upheld by the privileged groups in the developed world.
10
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Czytając Malthusa od nowa. Granice planetarne i ekologia świata obfitości

63%
Rok J.
Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka
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2022
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vol. 117
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issue 1
164-167
EN
The review of: Kallis, Giorgos. Limits: Why Malthus Was Wrong and Why Environmentalists Should Care. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2019.
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Mniej znaczy dość. Kultura umiaru na konceptualnych plenerach artystycznych w Polsce lat siedemdziesiątych

63%
Depczyński J., Stefańska B.
Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka
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2022
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vol. 117
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issue 1
106-121
EN
The aim of this text is to analyse the conceptual plein-air convention of the 1970s as an example of practising moderation in the history of Polish culture. Conceptual plein-air meetings are shown as a great example of moderate artistic activity as well as an inspiration for creating and developing the idea of a moderate and good life in the present times. The first section of the article places the latter in the context of a broader debate on the climate crisis while calling for degrowth and moderation. The second part presents the artistic and social context of conceptual plein-air convention, highlighting the links between the limits to growth, criticism of development and technical advancement, and conceptual art. The third section analyses conceptual plein-air convention as a scenario for reflection on moderation and its practising in artistic creation. It also discusses the relevant – moderate – aspects of the 1971 Plein-Air Convention in the Zgorzelec Land and the 1972 Plein-Air Convention in Osieki, Poland. The authors conclude by emphasising the usability of the conceptual plein-air model as a tool for learning and practising the culture of moderation in modern times.
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Żyć w dobrostanie i w zgodzie z planetą. W poszukiwaniu wzorców kultury umiaru. Wstęp

51%
Czepkiewicz M., Parfianowicz W.
Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka
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2022
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vol. 117
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issue 1
10-14
EN
‘We moderns have never needed a culture of limits as much as we do now’, argues Giorgos Kallis, an environmental scientist working in the field of ecological economics and an advocate of the idea of degrowth, in his book Limits: Why Malthus Was Wrong and Why Environmentalists Should Care. Fuelled by the economic system based on the growing production and consumption, the climate and ecological crisis prompts us to look for alternative models of social life. Profound changes are needed in how we organise our lives and economies – particularly in the countries of the Global North. It is also necessary to reflect on the values that steer these changes. One of them is moderation defined not as renouncement that is enforced by external circumstances and thus experienced as deprivation, but as well-being and living in balance with the environment, or as Kallis puts it, ‘a useful and happy life within the established limits’. Our aim is to look at this issue through the prism of Polish culture and its history. We intend to analyse the past and contemporary practices, communities and ethical systems developed around moderation, self-sufficiency and the concept of good life in harmony with nature. An equally important aspect for us is to study the lack of moderation, intemperance and coerced moderation as phenomena that continue to resurface in the history of Polish culture.
PL
„Nigdy nie potrzebowaliśmy kultury ograniczeń tak bardzo, jak dziś” – pisze w książce Limits: Why Malthus Was Wrong and Why Environmentalists Should Care badacz z nurtu ekonomii ekologicznej i popularyzator idei dewzrostu (degrowth) Giorgos Kallis. Kryzys klimatyczno-ekologiczny, u źródeł którego stoi system gospodarczy oparty na wzroście produkcji i konsumpcji, skłania do poszukiwania alternatywnych modeli życia społecznego. Potrzebujemy głębokich przemian w sposobie organizacji życia i gospodarek – szczególnie w państwach globalnej Północy. Konieczny jest też namysł nad wartościami nadającymi kierunek tym zmianom. Jedną z takich wartości jest umiar, rozumiany nie jako wymuszone zewnętrznymi okolicznościami i doświadczane jako deprywacja wyrzeczenie, ale jako życie w dobrostanie i równowadze z otaczającym środowiskiem, „życie użyteczne i szczęśliwe w ramach ustanowionych granic”, by przywołać znów Kallisa. Naszym celem jest przyjrzenie się tej problematyce w kontekście historii kultury polskiej. Zamierzamy prześledzić istniejące w przeszłości oraz nam współczesne praktyki, społeczności i systemy etyczne zbudowane wokół umiaru, samowystarczalności i dobrego życia w harmonii z przyrodą. Zarazem istotne jest dla nas rozpoznanie braku umiaru, nieumiarkowania lub umiaru będącego wynikiem przymusu, jako zjawisk stale powracających w historii kultury polskiej.
13
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Rozwój zrównoważony, postwzrost, dobre życie (Buen Vivir). Głosy z Ameryki Łacińskiej i Hiszpanii

45%
Lisocka-Jaegermann B.
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
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2019
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vol. 17
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issue 4
23-36
EN
The first part of the text deals with critical approaches to development as well as with inconsistencies and contradictions in official, institutional conceptualisations of sustainable development, as indicated by numerous representatives of critical trends. The second part is devoted to attempts to merge sustainability into a critical discourse. Differences between ‘soft sustainability’ in the official mainstream discourse and ‘strong’ and ‘very strong’ ones within transition initiatives developed by both academic and social activists are discussed. Examples of the latter, such as Buen Vivir and degrowth coming mainly from Spanish-speaking countries, are presented.
PL
Pierwsza część tekstu dotyczy z jednej strony krytycznych ujęć „rozwoju”, z drugiej zaś niespójności i sprzeczności w oficjalnych, instytucjonalnych konceptualizacjach rozwoju zrównoważonego, na które wskazują liczni przedstawiciele nurtów krytycznych. Druga część poświęcona jest próbom wpisywania „zrównoważenia/trwałości” (sustainability) w dyskurs krytyczny. Zasadniczą tezą jest wskazanie różnic między wizją „miękkiego zrównoważenia” mieszczącą się w oficjalnym nurcie i wizjami zrównoważenia „twardego” i „bardzo twardego” wpisanymi w nurty krytyczne, w tym radykalne ujęcia biocentryczne i dekolonialne. Tezę towarzyszącą stanowi stwierdzenie o znaczeniu kontekstów, w jakich powstają i funkcjonują wymienione powyżej dyskursy krytyczne ze wskazaniem na latynoamerykańskie przykłady inicjatyw transformacyjnych.
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