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La vida del embrión según santo Tomas de Aquino

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Roszak P.
Polonia Sacra
|
2013
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vol. 17
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issue 1
EN
It is very popular among scholars to reduce the question of medieval embryology only to so called “delayed animation”, with a little reference to important philosophical background of the topic. This article present the concept of “life” in the perspective of thomistic doctrine, especially putting the emphasis on the issue of the soul as the principle of life and what does the virtus generativa means for Aquinas. He exposes in six stage of embryogenesis, which we can discover in his writings, the identity of the embryo in all process of his development. The changes of substantial forms, from vegetative one to human’s form, is contemplated by Aquinas in logical, not chronological order. That’s why for saint Thomas the abortion is considerate always as heavy moral offense contra naturam. For the integral understanding of Thomas’s view on the status of human embryo is important to take account of christological themes.
2
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The Dispute over Delayed Animation: When Does a Human Being Begin?

57%
Maryniarczyk A.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2020
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vol. 9
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issue 3
423-465
EN
The dispute over delayed animation, although it has its beginnings already in ancient philosophy and culture, started for good only in contemporary times when the right to kill unborn children (so-called abortion) entered the canon of constitutional law and, what is even stranger, started to be proposed for inclusion into basic human rights. Despite being discussed nowadays mainly in medical and legal sciences, the problem involves disputes of an ethical, religious and ideological nature. In these discussions one can notice a clear lack of anthropological and metaphysical argumentation that would address the question about the beginning of the human being (which entails the question about the beginning of being per se) in the light of common properties that belong to really existing beings, and the metaphysical laws that govern the manner in which things (including human embryos) exist. This article discusses understandings of the human being as they are found in Plato’s, Aristotle’s and Thomas Aquinas’s philosophical anthropology. It is this triad of approaches: Platonic, Aristotelian and Thomistic, that allows one both to notice the specificity of Aquinas’s approach and to resolve the dispute concerning delayed animation.
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Antropologiczno-metafizyczne konsekwencje nietomistycznego rozumienia duszy ludzkiej na przykładzie wybranych problemów

57%
Lampart K.
Studia Gilsoniana
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2020
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vol. 9
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issue 1
63-85
EN
The article is aimed to show how the non-Thomistic understanding of the human soul determine the understanding of the human being. The author discusses the following problems: 1) delayed animation, 2) the reductionist idea of the human soul (Descartes and William James), and 3) anima separata. All reductionist approaches to the soul necessarily lead to a limitation or negation of the subjectivity of the human person. In turn, the absolutization of the human spirit leads to a dualistic or idealistic vision of the human being. The proposition of St. Thomas Aquinas, in the light of which the human soul is necessarily assigned to the body, shows an integral image of man, confirmed in his external and internal experience.
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