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EN
In considering the Yamanote Jijosha’s The Tempest, this paper explores the significance of performing Shakespeare in contemporary Japan. The company’s The Tempest reveals to contemporary Japanese audiences the ambiguity of Shakespeare’s text by experimenting with the postdramatic and a new acting style. While critically pursuing the meaning and possibility of theatre and performing arts today, this version of The Tempest powerfully presents a critical view of the blindness and dumbness of contemporary Japan, as well as the world represented in the play.
PL
This article concerns the question of political engagement of the West-European intellectuals from the Dreyfus Affair (1898) to the Second World War. After the Sec-ond World War, the European intellectuals attempted to resort to the mode of action elaborated by Dreyfus’ advocates and defenders outside the courtroom. Nevertheless, the success had not been achieved again. The European intellectuals failed to repeat the accomplishment through the lack of political experience, submission and depend-ence. Their intellectual efforts for Europe cannot be positively evaluated and did more harm than good
EN
According to the classic definition, delusion is a fixed false belief that is incompatible with reality and cannot be modified and corrected by persuasion and facts. More recently, it is often considered as a phenomenon similar to everyday belief formation, in which sensory and reasoning biases play an important role. Biased processing of social signals, unusual experiences, and search for meaning lead to beliefs via early jumping to conclusions, attributional biases, and mentalization. These processes may be modulated by social context and may turn into a self-reinforcing circle. In this paper, I present data demonstrating the normal distribution of delusion-like phenomena in the general population, similarly to their physiological and molecular markers (habituation of autonomic arousal, activation of the AKT intracellular messenger system). From a neurochemical point of view, dopamine has a positive effect ameliorating apathy and some cognitive deficits in neurological disorders, but its receptor agonists may induce psychotic-like phenomena, including overvalued ideas in patients with Parkinson’s disease. This can be explained by increased aberrant salience in simple conditioning paradigms. The most important challenge for future research is to identify the disease-predictive effect of these subclinical signs and biological markers.
Studia Semiotyczne
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2019
|
vol. 33
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issue 2
EN
The aim of this paper is to present and analyze arguments provided for the Psychological Principle of Non-Contradiction which states that one cannot have, or cannot be described as having, contradictory beliefs. By differentiating two possible interpretations of PNC, descriptive and normative, and examining arguments (ontological and methodological) provided for each of them separately I point out the flaws in reasoning in these arguments and difficulties with aligning PNC with the empirical data provided by research done in cognitive and clinical psychology. I claim that PNC cannot be derived from any metaphysical stance regarding the mental phenomena and that having contradictory beliefs should be regarded as possible. Furthermore, I argue that interpreting a subject as having contradictory beliefs, and therefore abandoning PNC, can be more effective in explaining the phenomena of contradictory beliefs and irrational behaviour than solutions consistent with the PNC.
EN
The article is aimed at juxtaposition of two Jaina thinkers’ concepts related to the status of living beings mired with delusion, i.e. Kundakunda’s (2nd c. CE) and Amṛtachandra-sūri’s (10th c. CE) perspective according to Samaya-sāra of the former and Puruṣârtha-siddhy-upāya of the latter. According to the Jaina philosophy an individual soul (jīva) attains respective stages of spiritual development traversing the whole scope spread between mithyātva (“falsity”) and samyaktva (“perfection”) tiers. Each state is strictly connected with the level of immersion in saṃsāra. These levels of spiritual development are a result of deluding karmas (mohanīya karma). The factor joining a cycle of births and concrete living entity is a karmic matter of subtle conformation glueing itself and cohering to a being. The article is focused on presenting types of delusion and its causing factors on the basis of two temporarily distant but contentwise compatibile works.
EN
In this paper we present the cognitive approach to hallucinations and delusions, the main symptoms of psychosis. This view is based on normalising and it focuses on distortions of thought and conclusions in the explanation of symptoms. We also discuss various cognitive behaviour therapy techniques frequently used in psychosis. The effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy in this field has been proved by many controlled studies.
EN
In the presented sketch, the author indicates the problem of changing the approach to the role of theater in human life in three works by Nikolai Yevreinov: A Beautiful Despot, What is Most Important and The Theater of Eternal War. The author initially perceives theater as an attempt to build an artificial reality for his own convenience and whim, so it is an escape from reality. In subsequent plays, his image changes – at first it becomes a beautiful fairy tale, an attempt at therapy and making people happy using theatrical methods. In the final part of the Double Theater trilogy, it becomes a method of revealing the true face. However, as the author points out, this is not the only way to understand the role of theater – it can also be just theater – another artificial reality.
EN
The aim of this paper is to present and analyze arguments provided for the Psychological Principle of Non-Contradiction which states that one cannot have, or cannot be described as having, contradictory beliefs. By differentiating two possible interpretations of PNC, descriptive and normative, and examining arguments (ontological and methodological) provided for each of them separately I point out the flaws in reasoning in these arguments and difficulties with aligning PNC with the empirical data provided by research done in cognitive and clinical psychology. I claim that PNC cannot be derived from any metaphysical stance regarding the mental phenomena and that having contradictory beliefs should be regarded as possible. Furthermore, I argue that interpreting a subject as having contradictory beliefs, and therefore abandoning PNC, can be more effective in explaining the phenomena of contradictory beliefs and irrational behaviour than solutions consistent with the PNC.
PL
Celem tego tekstu jest rekonstrukcja i analiza argumentów przedstawianych za Psychologiczną Zasadą Niesprzeczności (PZN), stwierdzającą, że żaden podmiot nie może mieć sprzecznych przekonań lub być opisany jako posiadający sprzeczne przekonania. Poprzez rozróżnienie dwóch możliwych interpretacji PZN, deskryptywnej i normatywnej, oraz dokładne zbadanie argumentacji przedstawionej dla każdej z nich z osobna, wskazuję zawarte w nich błędy oraz problemy związane z uzgodnieniem ich z wynikami badań prowadzonych w psychologii poznawczej i klinicznej. Uzasadniam, dlaczego PZN nie może być wyprowadzona z żadnego ze stanowisk metafizycznych dotyczących nastawień sądzeniowych i że posiadanie sprzecznych przekonań powinno być uznane za możliwe. Następnie piszę, dlaczego zinterpretowanie niektórych podmiotów jako posiadających sprzeczne przekonania może być bardziej efektywne w wyjaśnianiu przypadków nieracjonalnego zachowania niż rozwiązania zgodne z PZN.
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