Search results - CEJSH

1

Polscy emigranci w późnym wieku

100%

Kałuża-Kopias D.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2015

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vol. 4

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issue 315

EN

The aim of this study is to identify the scale of Polish emigration of elderly residents in the twenty-first century. At the outset presented in the literature developed concepts explaining the mechanisms of migration of seniors. Analyzing the actual movement of seniors, the focus was mostly on the scale of emigration, and the main directions of movements. The analysis was based on data on permanent emigration from the country in the years 2002-2013 are available on the Central Statistical Office. The result of the analysis indicate that older Poles are small, relatively stable in recent years, the proportion of immigrants. Migrants seniors are most often those who are married, characterized by a low level of education.

PL

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest rozpoznanie skali emigracji starszych mieszkańców Polski w XXI wieku. Na wstępie przedstawiono wypracowane w literaturze przedmiotu koncepcje wyjaśniające mechanizmy migracji seniorów. Analizując rzeczywiste przemieszczenia seniorów, skupiono się głównie na pokazaniu skali emigracji oraz głównych kierunków przemieszczeń. Analiza została oparta o dane dotyczące emigracji na stałe z kraju w latach 2002-2013 dostępnych na stronie Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego (GUS). Wynik analizy wskazują, że starsi Polacy stanowią niewielki, względnie stały w ostatnich latach odsetek emigrantów. Emigrującu seniorzy to najczęściej osoby będące w związkach małżeńskich, charakteryzujący się niskim poziomem wykształcenia. Słowa kluczowe: migracje osób starszych, demografia, emigracja

2

Demographic Factors Affecting the Level of Financial Literacy in Rural Areas: The Case of Vietnam

93%

Quang P. T., The Anh K.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2019

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issue 3 (48)

391-406

EN

This article measures the level of financial literacy in the rural areas of Vietnam. The financial literacy is usually concerned by financial institutions and government organizations. This is considered to be an indicator that contributes to the assessment of the quality and potential growth of the financial system. In the article the determinants of financial literacy in Vietnam are identified. In result the authors propose a designed financial literacy enhancement programme for implementation.

3

Negatywne procesy demograficzne charakteryzujące sudecki przygraniczny obszar górski

93%

Konopińska N.

Ekonomia XXI Wieku

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2016

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issue 1 (9)

151-159

EN

In this paper the autor attempts to answer the questions: whether the demographic processes taking place in the test area are typical for mountain areas? What actions must be taken in order to reverse the negative demographic trends? An answer to the questions required a calculation of population density, population growth rate and the share of the population by age groups in the total population. To assess the commonness of demographic processes occurring in the Sudeten border mountain area results were compared with similar, obtained for Landkreis Bad Toelz-Wolfratshausen. After defining main demographic problems, a number of actions, based on the experience of other mountain regions were proposed to local and regional authorities. These considerations have been preceded by a brief characterization of the Sudeten border mountainous area.

4

Changes in the Procreative Behaviour in Poland and Some Impacts of the Process on the Size and Age Structure of Population as Revealed by Demographic Projections

93%

Lange M., Uniwersytet Łódzki; Wydział Ekonomiczno-Socjologiczny; Instytut Statystyki i Demografii

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2011

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vol. 250

EN

In the 1990s, fertility was dropping rapidly in Poland. According to the GUS and the UN projections, low fertility may continue in the next decades. The procre- ative behaviour changes irreversibly affect the age structure of population. If the fertility level as low as it is today continued, the number of births would be ultimately reduced by almost half compared with the present numbers. However, the structure of population would be changing gradually. First the number of the pre-school children would change and then of those at school age. The high variant of the UN World Population Prospects is the only one where the number of the children aged 0–4 years is growing to the year 2020. If fertility does not change their number will, however, drop dramatically from ca 1.8 million that we have today to below 1 million in 2050. Decreasing fertility may distort the demographic structure in the long term by re- ducing the share of children and contributing to a relatively overrepresented proportion of old persons. Because of fertility falling from the 1990s and the appearance of baby boomers and baby busters, the size of the working-age population (15–64 years) will grow smaller after 2015. The aging process will also continue. The median age will grow to approx. 50 years in 2050. The dependency ratio will also increase and there will be 70 working-age persons per 100 persons aged 15–64 years, instead of slightly more than 40 that we have today.

5

Taxonomic Analysis of Labour Market in Light of Demographic Regional Changes Occurring in Poland and Germany

93%

Jurkowska B.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2015

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issue 4(357)

175-205

EN

The article analyses the job market in the context of demographic changes that affect the regions of Poland and Germany, measures the regions’ development using selected taxonomic methods, explores similarities and differences between them, as well as shows other regional disparities. The study comprised 16 Polish provinces and 16 German states (so-called Länder), a total of 32 regions. Covering an area that is highly diversified not only economically but also demographically and in terms of the job market, the regions are here subjected to a multidimensional statistical analysis.

6

Problemy demograficzne krajów Grupy Wyszehradzkiej – analiza porównawcza

93%

Chwiej E.

Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

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2017

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vol. 10

3-22

PL

The demographic factor has a significant influence on the functioning and position of the state or a group of states in the international arena. In the paper the author presents the demographic situation of the Visegrad countries. She also discusses the causes and effects of the current processes.

7

Contested minorities – the case of Upper Silesia

93%

Gierczak D.

Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

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2015

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vol. 3

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issue 2

41-51

EN

Upper Silesia in terms of ethnicity is a typical example of a historical region in Europe, but in fact, one of the few exceptions in contemporary Poland, where its mixed ethnic and religious structures have at least partly survived until today. While their existence had been denied by Nazi Germany (1933-1945) as well as by the Polish People's Republic (1945-1989), the emancipation of the German and Silesian minorities after the democratic changes of 1989 have evoked strong emotions in the ethnically almost uniform country. Nonetheless, the recent situation of minorities has improved as never before. Minority organisations has been officially recognized and German finally has become the second language in some municipalities of Upper Silesia, but the largest ethnic group in the whole country, the Silesians, have still experienced no formal recognition as a national minority. This article deals with the demographic aspects of the ethnic groups in Upper Silesia since the 19th century until recent times. The census results concerning the ethnic minorities or languages in Upper Silesia have been contested since the first records of that kind have been taken. The outcomes of the both last censuses of 2002 and 2011 concerning the minority question reflected for the first time a much more realistic picture of the status quo. Furthermore, they showed that the idea of Silesian identification found an unexpected high number of supporters. This fact indicates an emerging meaning of regional identification amid significant changes of cultural values in Polish society.

8

South Africa (2009) - Salient Contemporary Features in Facts and Figures

93%

Badenhorst M., Department of Urban and Regional Planning U. o. P.

European Spatial Research and Policy

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2010

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vol. 17

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issue 2

EN

South Africa is a demographically diverse country where many divisions (still) tend to coincide with racial boundaries, beset by a wide range of socio-economic problems typical of developing countries and otherwise stemming from its colonial past and a discriminatory past policy of apartheid. The paper describes the country's salient features in facts and figures in order to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of society in terms of demography, education, employment, public health care, poverty, housing, crime and the economy. The picture presented tends to be on the dark side, but also hopeful for the future thanks to inter alia a strong globalised economy.

9

ZAGROŻENIA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA GLOBALNEGO WYNIKAJĄCE ZE ZMIAN DEMOGRAFICZNYCH

93%

Diemientiew G.

Security, Economy & Law

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2017

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issue 4/2017 (XVII)

EN

In 1968, in article titled „The Population Bomb”, biologist Paul Ehrlich warned, that in ’70 and ’80, famine will fall to the entire world, he claimed, that production of food and other necessary resources will be insufficient with growth of population. One hundred thousand years – that’s how many years we need to be the strongest living being on the Earth. With the beginning of 2018 the population of Earth is considered to be about 7.4 billion persons. It is about 91 percent of ecumene, with average of 49 persons for square kilometer. In the following article, author will try to answer the question, how the dynamically growing population influences the common security in global terms.

10

Types of demographic evolution in the microstates

93%

Barańska M., Miłaszewska M.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2006

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vol. 12

197-203

EN

In the twentieth century, changes in the population number of microstates were very diversified. It is possible, however, to observe similarities in population changes. On the basis of the following two criteria a typology of population changes was developed, i.e. the population growth rate and the variability coefficient of the population growth rate. Five types of population changes wei'e singled out: from countries with a very smali population growth and a smali variability coefficient to those characterised by very large values of both of the discussed criteria.

11

The impact of demographic processes on changes in services. An example of the Silesian Voivodeship

93%

Kłosowski F.

Journal of Geography, Politics and Society

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2022

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vol. 12

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issue 3

38-50

EN

The aim of this article is to show the impact of demographic changes on the situation in the services of the Silesian Voivodeship and its selected cities. The analysis covers the period of 1999–2019. The method of comparative analysis was applied in the study. The presented material does not allow defining the nature of this impact unambiguously. The dominant trend in the population decline in the voivodship and in most of its cities does not automatically result in a decline in the level of the development of services. We also observe stabilization or even its increase. This also applies to those services that are addressed to people of pre-working age, i.e. the group with the largest regression in the population. However, the dynamic growth in the number of seniors results in a significant increase in the number of institutions and social programs addressed to them. Yet, there is no doubt that services addressed to the elderly do not fully meet the needs of this group of residents today, and taking into account demographic forecasts, they must show high dynamics of development in the forthcoming years.

12

Starzenie się ludności w kontekście zmian w rozrodczości

93%

Lange M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. E.-S.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2013

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vol. 291

EN

The aging of population is largely caused by falling fertility. To find out how fertility affects the share of the elderly people in the population, four variants of the UN World Population Prospects 2010 for Poland and Europe were examined, as well as selected indicators of population aging. The relatively high fertility and comparatively short life expectancy in Poland until the end of 1980s explain why its population aged much more slowly than other populations in Europe. In the last two decades the share of the elderly people kept increasing, mostly because of the deep decline in the number of births. For almost a decade now Poland has been one of the demographically old countries, although the aging process is relatively less pronounced in Poland than in Italy or Germany. In the medium variant of the UN forecast Polish fertility will be growing for the next few decades, but its level will not be high enough to ensure the minimum population replacement. Only in the high variant its growth will lead to rates of population reproduction higher than the minimum level. This situation might take place as early as the first half of the 2020s. The analysis of particular indicators illustrating the progress of demographic aging leads to a conclusion that even high fertility will not rejuvenate the age structure of Polish population, but it may considerably slow down the process of its aging.

13

Demographic Security Trends in Southeastern Europe

93%

Malnar D., Malnar A.

Croatian International Relations Review

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2015

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vol. 21

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issue 73

57-87

EN

Over the past three decades we have witnessed an evolution of the concept of security in general and of demographic security as a specific field of security studies. The approach to security has been changing both in regards to a widening of subjects and referent objects of security, and a widening of the security domain. Consideration of the demographic component in the security sphere has evolved in accordance with this development; the scope of perspectives through which demographic security is viewed and defined has expanded - the population composition, population dynamics and human capital paradigm. Aspects of demographics and security are in continuous interaction and interdependence which significantly determines demographic security and national security. The aim of this paper is to establish a specific link between demographic security and security in ten post-socialist countries of South Eastern Europe (SEE). In accordance with this aim, an analysis has been made of the compositional elements and population dynamics in order to determine demographic security of the observed states. The analysis indicates unfavourable demographic security, and negative demographic composition and dynamics in most of observed states, which suggests that demographic security will have a continuing negative impact on the security of the countries analysed and the region as a whole.

14

HOW DEMOGRAPHY AFFECTS THE ECONOMY - IMPACT OF POPULATION AGEING ON INFLATION

93%

Broniatowska P.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

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2018

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vol. 19

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issue 1

1-11

EN

The motivation of this paper is to check whether inflation is linked to the population age structure. To check this hypothesis, a panel data model is used. We regress the changes in CPI on a set of macroeconomic variables. The results of the estimations suggest that there may be a relation between demography and low-frequency inflation. A larger old-age dependency ratio is correlated with lower inflation. This may confirm some of the previous empirical findings that ageing is deflationary when related to increased life expectancy.

15

Uwarunkowania demograficzne zmian środowiskowych – wybrane problemy

93%

Mazur-Wierzbicka E.

Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu

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2013

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issue 3 (24)

164-174

EN

Population growth and related progress of civilization and economy, growing consumption, and at the same time economic disparity, and development between countries lead to a significant violation of the natural environment, adverse and often irreversible changes occurring therein. Nowadays demographic threats are one of the main sources of threats for the environment. Though in some countries we can observe the tendency of downward trend in the number of births (for example in Europe), in other countries especially in Africa and Asia the population growth is significant (in comparison to 1960 the population in Africa increased four times to 2010, and 2,5 times in Asia). The extending lifespan and lower infant mortality because of medicine development, changes of lifestyle, nutrition, and improved living conditions are the main factors of population growth in recent decades. The population growth leads to increased unbalanced consumption and increased production. The studies show that we get close to a dangerous boarder for example for biosphere based on indicator EF2.0 (ecological footprint) which now is 21.9 hectares per person, while the accepted ecological limit capacity for the Earth is 15.7 hectares per person. Rapidly progressive population growth on the Earth and changes under its influence can lead to global break of ecosphere. In a perspective avoiding excessive population growth can be one of strategies for sustainable development. Therefore different population growth in different parts of the world leads to specified environmental problems. For example in Africa it will lead to ground degradation and the decrease of food production. In Europe we have to cope with large energy consumption and other resources (for example water), large amount of industrial and municipal waste, poor biological variety and increased level of greenhouse gases. We have to notice that developing anthropopressure leads to new types of environmental threats so-called global ecological problems, problems which have no limits. Human population has two choices for future growth. The first ignoring increasing contamination which will consequently lead to “automatic recovery” that means coming of hunger, epidemics and population reduction in the world. The second choice assumes the need to control the population number and prevent when too high population number threatens to keep the environment in good condition. The main aim of this work is to show the meaning, influence of demographic factor on changes in natural environment. In the article the author points out that there are relations between population growth and changes occurring in the environment, describing respectively causes and projections of population growth, regional environmental problems and global environmental problems. This work is theoretical. The sources which are used are theoretical work included in literature concerning the discussed problem and public statistical data.

16

French economy since 2008 and pension system in France

93%

Stanzel R.

Zeszyty Studenckie Wydziału Ekonomicznego „Nasze Studia”

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2015

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issue 7

249-260

EN

French population has been growing very fast since 1945, due to immigration and to natural growth. According to the demographic prospects, population will be constantly growing during the next fifty years and the part of elderly people is also going to be growing. The state has obviously to take this tendency in consideration for reforming the pension system. Economic situation has worsened in France since the start of the crisis in 2008, like in the most European countries. In the last six years, the situation on the labour market and public finances have deteriorated. Young and unskilled workers are the most vulnerable people on the labour market in France now. The pension system as it exists today in French was built progressively since World War II. The organisation of the pension system is relatively complex and is divided between basic and supplemental schemes. There were many reforms since 1945, which didn't solve the main problem of the system which is the deficit, and for this reason an increase of the retirement age seems the only possible solution.

17

Spojrzenie na dysfunkcje społeczne poprzez pryzmat dziedzictwa myśli Emila Durkheima i Roberta K. Mertona

93%

Borowski M.

Rocznik Towarzystwa Naukowego Płockiego

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2017

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vol. 9

s. 483-492

PL

Artykuł ukazuje społeczne złożoności systemu społecznego, jego układów i połączeń w ujęciu teorii społecznych Emial Durheima i Roberta K.Mertona. Struktura społeczna jest zbiorem wielu zależności, zmiennych przenikających się wzajemnie, mających również wielki wpływ na siebie w zależności od rodzaju i wielkości oraz wagi oddziaływania. Ze zmienności jej i jej zmiennych rodzą się dysfunkcje społeczne.

EN

The article shows the complexity of the social system with its relations and connections, in regard of the social theory of Emial Durheim and Robert K. Merton. Social structure is a collection of many dependencies, variable intermingled with also a impact influence on each other depending on the type, size and weight of the influence. From its volatilities and variables, social dysfunctions are born.

18

THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES ON THE LABOUR MARKET IN KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP

93%

Ręklewski M.

Roczniki Ekonomiczne Kujawsko-Pomorskiej Szkoły Wyższej w Bydgoszczy

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2018

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issue (11)

125-146

EN

Better understanding of the changes on the labour market would be impossible without observing demographic processes and their appropriate interpretation. According to the current state of knowledge, demographic changes in Poland and an estimation of their future tendency are expected to play the key role in shaping of the labour market. Adverse demographic changes observed in Poland will result in the increasing reduction of potential labour resources with the aging of these resources. The aim of this study was to present demographic changes on the labour market in the years 1999-2016 in Kujawsko-pomorskie voivodeship as well as their expected consequences for the current and future situation on the labour market. Basic methods of statistical data analysis were used in the study, namely, the structure analysis and fixed-rate indexes of dynamics. The online resources of the Central Statistical Office, i.e. Demography Base and Local Data Bank provided the main source of demographic data and labour market information. As far as the analysis of labour market data is concerned, the author obtained information from the representative Study of Professional Activity of the Population (Polish: BAEL).

19

Formalne i nieformalne zabezpieczenie emerytalne – postawy i oczekiwania Polaków wobec zmian demograficznych, społecznych i ekonomicznych. Kontekst europejski

93%

Pieńkowska-Kamieniecka S., Walczak D.

Studia BAS

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2022

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issue 4(72)

123-142

EN

The aim of the article is to discuss the importance of formal and informal sources of retirement security of Poles in the face of current economic, social and demographic changes. Formal sources are understood as the institutional pension security (regulated by law), while the informal source will be primarily considered to be family support (the so-called natural pension security). Following the introduction, the first section shows demographic trends in Poland and refers to pension security from the public pension system. The second section presents data sources and research methods used in the article. The third section shows the results of research on planned protection in old age. The fourth part discusses and concludes the results of the study. The research shows that not many Poles save for old age, counting on the support of the state and children.

20

Sytuacja demograficzna a problem bezrobocia w Polsce

93%

Lipczyńska A.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2018

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issue 2(29)

413-422

EN

The question of demographic determinants of social development is very important today. In the face of the dramatic aging of Polish society and continuous emigration, solutions should be sought in this situation. Recently unemployment in Poland has begun to slow down, but access to satisfactory work continues to be difficult. The aim of the work is to present the problem of unemployment and demographic situation in Poland by analyzing. The research methods that will be used in the article are causal analysis including

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