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Dendroflora cmentarzy w gminie Uniejów – stan i problemy ochrony

100%

Chmielecki B., Kucharski L.

Biuletyn Uniejowski

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2015

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vol. 4

113-130

PL

Badaniami objęto roślinność krzewiastą i drzewiastą ośmiu obiektów leżących na terenie gminy Uniejów. Cztery z nich to tereny leżące wokół kościołów, zwane tu cmentarzami przykościelnymi, pozostałe to cmentarze grzebalne. Znajdują się one w miejscowościach: Uniejów, Wilamów, Spycimierz i Wielenin. W obiektach tych odnotowano 43 taksony drzew i krzewów, wśród nich 28 gatunków i 14 odmian oraz taksonu w randze rodzaju (Rosa). Analizowana dendroflora składa się z 22 gatunków drzew, 10 gatunków krzewów oraz jednego gatunku pnącza. Połowa z odnotowanych taksonów to gatunki lub odmiany drzew oraz krzewów nagonasiennych. Większość osobników z tej grupy drzew i krzewów pochodzi z nowych nasadzeń, nie starszych niż 20 lat. Obiektami o najbogatszej dendroflorze są cmentarze grzebalne w Uniejowie (23 taksony) i Wieleninie (19 taksonów). Najczęściej notowanym drzewem była lipa drobnolistna (Tilia cordata), a gatunkiem występującym na największej liczbie obiektów żywotnik zachodni (Thuja occidentalis). W badanych obiektach stwierdzono 14 drzew o rozmiarach pomnikowych. Zaproponowano objęcie ich ochroną prawną. Negatywnym zjawiskiem obserwowanym na cmentarzach gminy Uniejów jest uzupełnianie wysokiej zieleni gatunkami obcymi dla rodzimej flory, szczególnie drzewami i krzewami iglastymi.

EN

The study encompasses trees, bushes and shrubs in eight locations in Uniejów municipality. Four of them are cemeteries adjoining churches, and four are regular cemeteries. They are situated in Uniejów, Wilamów, Spycimierz and Wielenin. The studied dendroflora comprises 22 species of trees, 10 species of shrubbery and one species of creeper. Half of the taxons are species or varieties of gymnosperms trees and bushes, most of them planted not long ago (not more than 20 years ago). The richest dendroflora is found at cemeteries in Uniejów (23 taxons) and Wielenin (19 taxons). The most commonly found tree is Tilia cordata, and the species found in most of the locations is Thuja occidentalis. 14 monument-size trees have been found, and a proposal to put them under legal protection has been submitted. A negative phenomenon observed at cemeteries in Uniejów municipality is introduction of species (mostly coniferous trees and shrubs) that are foreign to the native flora.

2

DENDROFLORA PARKU ZAMKOWEGO W UNIEJOWIE – STAN OBECNY I ZMIANY

84%

Kucharski L., Chmielecki B.

Biuletyn Uniejowski

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2014

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vol. 3

5-22

EN

The castle park in Uniejów was founded between 1860 and 1870. Today it has an area of 32 ha and 151 taxa of trees and shrubs, which consist of 101 native and non-native species of trees andbushes and 50 cultivated varieties. Owing to the natural character of trees found in most of the park area its dendroflora mainly consists of native species, of which Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Ulmus laevis and Fagus sylvatica stand out because of their size. The most valuable taxa include Gymnocladus dioicus, Juglans nigra, Quercus macranthera, Taxodium distichum ans Platanus x hispanica. In the past there were some tree species which are not found in the park today, such as Corylus colurna, Malus prunifolia, Populus nigra ‘Italica’, or Tilia platyphyllos ‘Laciniata’. In the years 2013−2014, 62 taxa were added to the park dendroflora. They mainly consist of cultivated species of shrubs, mostly colourful varieties of Rhododendron. The revitalisation of the castle park that is now under way is aimed at preservation of its natural landscape, especially in its northern part that is covered by forest.

3

Dendroflora wybranych parków miejskich w Bielsku-Białej

84%

Pietraszko E., Żarnowiec J., Klama H., Adamaszek M., Kozak M., Kóska M., Owczarz S., Sawa M.

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

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2023

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vol. 6(26)

13-24

EN

Parks are undoubtedly areas of great natural value to the city, mainly due to the ecosystem services and ecological functions they provide. An important component of every park is its forest stand. In this paper, the study of dendroflora were conducted in seven parks of Bielsko-Biała. The parks were created in the 19th century. They are located mainly in the central part of the city. This paper presents the results of the study on the species composition as well as the quantity of each species in the parks. Furthermore, basic dendrometric characters such as tree height and circumference at the breast height were also analyzed. A total of 615 trees belonging to 32 species from 21 genus and 12 families were found in parks. There was a dominance of deciduous trees (28 species) over conifers (5). The largest number of examined trees was in Strzegowski Park, and the smallest in Park at Komorowicka Street. In turn, the largest number of species was in Słowacki Park, and the smallest in the Park near to Zipser villa. In addition, the presence of 144 specimens with monumental dimensions was indicated. Most of the park trees had dimensions in the range of 200–300 cm in terms of circumference at the breast height and height in the interval 20–30 m. Typical trees that occur in the natural forest communities of Poland were noted in the parks. These include: oaks, beeches, ash trees, hornbeams, alders, maples or lindens. Some of them are often selected for planting in parks and avenues. Of the 32 tree species, 10 were most numerous: Tilia cordata, T. platyphyllos, Acer platanoides, A. pseudoplatanus, A. saccharinum, Fraxinus excelsior, Alnus glutinosa, Carpinus betulus, Aesculus hippocastanum and Quercus robur. Among examined species, alien invasive species (Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus rubra) were noted. They are classified as medium invasive plants. In this paper the authors pointed out the parameters that can affect the number of trees included in the study, for example: minimum circumference at the breast height, park area, age of the forest stand and local condition. Therefore, further research regarding the dendroflora in parks of Bielsko-Biała should be expanded with additional analyses, especially to determinate full species composition and changes in the stand.

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2 Biuletyn Uniejowski

1 Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

2 Chmielecki B.

2 Kucharski L.

1 Adamaszek M.

1 Klama H.

1 Kozak M.

1 Kóska M.

1 Owczarz S.

1 Pietraszko E.

1 Sawa M.

1 Żarnowiec J.

1 2023

1 2015

1 2014

Dendroflora cmentarzy w gminie Uniejów – stan i problemy ochrony

DENDROFLORA PARKU ZAMKOWEGO W UNIEJOWIE – STAN OBECNY I ZMIANY

Dendroflora wybranych parków miejskich w Bielsku-Białej