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Lexikální síť DeriNet: elektronický zdroj pro výzkum derivace v češtině

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Ševčíková M., Žabokrtský Z., Vidra J., Straka M.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2016
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vol. 98
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issue 1
62-76
EN
The paper introduces the DeriNet lexical database, which includes more than 969,000 Czech words interconnected by 718,000 links corresponding to derivational relations (relations between a base word and a word derived from it). Derivational relations were identified by semi-automatic procedures and manual annotation. As the DeriNet network is fully compatible with a large inflectional dictionary of Czech (MorfFlex CZ), it can be used as a resource for an integrating approach to derivational and inflectional morphology of Czech both in linguistic research and in natural language processing.
2
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Jazyková kreativita při tvoření názvů nových prostředků činnosti

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MATUROVÁ M.
Bohemistyka
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2017
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issue 2
115-125
EN
The present article investigates ways in which new words are formed to name objects which do not have established names in the Czech language. In particular the author focuses on vocabulary related to the Dedra e-shop, mainly kitchen appliances and objects related to cooking. The vocabulary is examined through the prism of Jaroslav Kuchar’s seminal study Word Formation in the Czech Language and the author pays attention to all ways of word-formation, including blending. The author concludes that most words in the examined vocabulary were composites, both from local Czech words and hybrids combining a Czech word with a foreign one; derivatives using the “ator” suffix were quite common too. As far as the formal/colloquial level is concerned, some words were neutral while others were colloquial, which – the author points out – seems to have been driven by a desire to be witty. The author also points out that it is not possible to assess how viable the new words will be.
CS
Vývojové tendence současné české slovotvorby jsou lingvisty sledovány dlouhodobě a velmi zevrubně. Slovní zásoba jazyka je proměnlivá a rychle reaguje na dynamické změny ve společnosti. Důležitým faktorem je bezesporu i vliv cizích jazyků, dnes především angličtiny, která proniká do mnoha oblastí současné slovní zásoby. Některé studie se věnují utváření nových pojmenování na chatu, v e-mailové a SMS komunikaci (např. Svobodová 2005, Jandová 2006), jiné se zabývají komunikací na diskusních fórech (např. Lišková 2008, Chejnová 2009), pozornost lingvistů vzbuzují také neologismy na sociálních sítích. V této stati si budeme všímat relativně nových názvů prostředků činnosti, jež vznikly pro účely internetového obchodu Dedra.1 Naším záměrem je ukázat, byť na omezeném množství lexikálních jednotek, čím byly motivovány, které slovotvorné postupy se při vytváření pojmenování uplatnily a které slovotvorné prostředky byly přitom využity.
3
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Selecí, či selečí?

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Rejzek J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2022
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vol. 105
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issue 4
242-243
EN
The adjective derived from the noun sele ‘piglet’ is not very frequent in Czech. Nowadays, the form selečí is encountered more often than the expected (and older) form selecí. The article tries to explain the origin of the two forms of this word and to consider them from the point of view of linguistic correctness.
4
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České entomologické odborné názvosloví ze slovotvorného hlediska - odvozování

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Kohoutová Z.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2019
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vol. 102
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issue 5
320-335
EN
In this study, derived names of insects in Czech were excerpted from two books: Atlas hmyzu [Insect Atlas] (Pokorný – Šifner, 2004) and Hmyz [The Insect] (Zahradniḱ – Severa, 2015). A significant majority of these were formed independently of the international Latin terms. It turns out that the most common suffixes used to create Czech scientific insect names denote diminution, substantives derived from adjectives, agent nouns, and feminine forms derived from masculine ones.
5
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Nominant

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Preininger M.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2021
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vol. 104
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issue 2
133-137
EN
This paper deals with several issues associated with the Czech word nominant ‘nominee’. (1) Although the frequency of the word has been growing, it is not listed in any established Czech dictionaries. This might cause some problems, since (2) the morphological structure of nominant is misleading, as the word is formed by an agentive suffix but denotes a patient. (3) Furthermore, the base verb nominovat ‘nominate’ is often defined as a synonym of jmenovat ‘to appoint, to name’, which is inaccurate. (4) Nominant has also the variant forms nominand and nominát. Nevertheless, corpus data indicate that nominant seems to be the preferred variant with a rather stable lexical meaning.
6
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Hranice flektivní a derivační morfologie: Případ předpony po- u českých sloves

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Ševčíková M., Panevová J.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2018
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vol. 79
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issue 3
171-198
EN
The present case study deals with the functions of the Czech verbal prefix po-. Three functions of the prefix are analysed by contrasting the existing theoretical descriptions with corpus data. In its primary, word-formational function, po- modifies the meaning of the base verb (expressing one of the semantic features described as Aktionsart or other meanings; e.g. kreslit ‘to draw’ > pokreslit ‘to cover with drawings’). In its second function, po- derives perfective counterparts from the imperfective verb; here, the prefix is considered to be a grammatical means used for the formation of aspectual pairs of verbs (cf. kárat ‘to admonish.impf’ > pokárat ‘to admonish.pf’). The third function of po- is manifested in the class of determinate verbs; it is a part of the morphological form of these verbs in their (imperfective) future meaning (e.g. běžet ‘to run’ – poběží ‘(he) will run’). A group of verbs suspected of exhibiting similar behaviour as the pure determinate verbs is analysed and attested using the corpus data. Finally, the competition between the prefix po- and several tens of prefixes in Czech verbs is commented upon and the position of the prefixed verbs within word-formation nests is sketched.
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