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EN
For many companies innovations are crucial for achieving a competitive advantage. Many factors have been revealed to be determinants of company innovativeness. One is organizational culture which can support or diminish innovative attempts of employees. In recent years there is a growing interest in design and design thinking as methods of implementing innovations. Interdisciplinary, multicultural teams, fast prototyping, co-creation with users are only examples of specific methods that are being promoted by designers and design thinkers, that can significantly affect organisational culture. The objective of this paper is to analyse the impact of design and design thinking on the organizational culture. In the first part literature findings are presented. The second part shows results of the exploratory research that has been conducted among designoriented companies from Sweden and Poland. This project was qualitative study aimed to compare managers’ attitudes towards design; to look into existing processes in companies connected with design and to explore the different roles that designers play in organizations.
EN
The author analyzes in the paper the role of creativity and design in innovations, with emphasis on three theoretical models linking creativity, design and innovations. The effective use of design is linked to design management. The concept of design management relates to certain management activities, methods and skills that are required to optimize and manage design processes. The objective of Design management is the creation of synergy between the creative realm and the business realm. Factors influencing the level of design management are analyzed and suggestions for incorporating design as strategic function are outlined.
PL
Działania innowacyjne mogą mieć różnorodny charakter, począwszy od działań naukowym, poprzez badawcze, techniczne, organizacyjne, finansowe czy handlowe, a czasem wszystkie naraz. Ich celem jest opracowanie i wdrożenie nowych, bądź w istotnym stopniu ulepszonych produktów czy procesów. Projektowanie dla osób z niepełnosprawnością to bardzo dziewiczy obszar na rynku wzornictwa, najczęściej dlatego, że kojarzy się ono głównie z projektowaniem sprzętu wspomagającego rehabilitację. W konsekwencji przekłada się to na fakt, że realizacje te nie mają większego grona odbiorców i nie są tak atrakcyjne dla projektantów. Najczęściej zajmują się nimi inżynierowie i konstruktorzy, tworząc produkty bardziej przypominające dawne narzędzia tortur, ale za to o niezniszczalnej, niemal wiecznej konstrukcji. Taki obraz produktów przeznaczonych dla osób niepełnosprawnych wyraźnie wskazuje, że jest to znakomita nisza dla projektantów i uwydatnia potrzebę uatrakcyjnienia i innowacyjnego podejścia do tych produktów. Innowacyjność ma wynikać z umiejętności rozmowy z osobami niepełnosprawnymi i poszukiwać sposobów na rozwiązywanie ich problemów, tak aby produkt, mimo swojego celu terapeutycznego miał charakter uniwersalny. Produkty dla osób niepełnosprawnych nie mogą się ograniczać jedynie do sprzętu rehabilitacyjnego, wózków inwalidzkich czy pionzatorów. Wprowadzanie idei projektowania uniwersalnego może znacznie poszerzyć grono odbiorców wzornictwa – przedmiotów codziennego użytku – o osoby niepełnosprawne.
EN
Innovative operations can have various character starting with scientific processes, via research, technical, organizational, financial or trade actions, and sometimes all at once. Their aim is to draw up and implement new or significantly improved products or processes. Designing for the disabled is a very undiscovered area on the pattern-designing market, most often because it is associated with devices which support rehabilitation. In consequence, it means that the realizations have a limited group of receivers and are not that attractive for designers. Usually, engineers and constructors deal with them creating products which remind us of old torture devices, however, they are indestructible in construction. Such image of those products for the disabled clearly indicates that it is a wonderful niche for designers and emphasizes the need to make those products more attractive and innovative. The innovativeness should stem from the ability to communicate with the disabled people and seek for methods to solve their problems in a way that will make the product universal despite its therapeutic purpose. Products for the disabled cannot be limited to rehabilitation equipment only e.g. wheelchairs or standing frames. Introducing the idea of universal designing can significantly broaden the circle of pattern-designing receivers – everyday-use items – with the disabled people.
EN
Theoretical background: Design management is of paramount relevance in many modern organisations, increasingly also in those operating in Poland, remaining an independent approach to change management for the creation of new products and services, achieving better productivity and efficiency in a global and competitive environment. Until now, the basis of design management processes has been to understand the needs of the user or customer, their expectations and aspirations. This approach, like many management concepts, is now undergoing a transformation, driven by huge economic, social, political and environmental changes. The uncertainty of tomorrow, facing crises, wars, erupting pandemics are just some of the so-called Black Swans causing the need for management change in organisations. Nowadays, design management is experiencing a boom, which is primarily linked to a shift away from seeing it only on an operational level or as a marketing function to emphasising its strategic importance. In this situation, the concept of “just in time”, familiar from management by quality, should evolve into “just in case” in a much broader reference than that relating to the production, delivery or storage of raw materials and finished goods. The design management model presented in the article is an example of an activity that responds to the needs of companies precisely in conditions of variability, due to the fact that its essence is flexibility and the possibility of redesigning it by adding or subtracting specific constructs, appropriate to the just in case situation. Purpose of the article: This article aims to present how managerial conditions conducive to the implementation of design management activities can support companies in achieving organisational resilience in a world defined by the acronym “BANI”. Research methods: The research problem is to identify managerial determinants conducive to the implementation of design management activities through which companies can achieve organisational resilience. In order to obtain an answer to the research problem so posed, a literature review of design management approaches was conducted, with a presentation of the traditional Danish Design Ladder model and its updated version, adapted to the BANI concept. Based on the literature, the acronyms “VUCA” and “BANI”, used to describe current economic phenomena, were explained. The article then presents some of the results of a survey conducted in 2019–2020, in companies registered in Poland. Quantitative estimation using the CATI method (1,200 medium and large enterprises) and qualitative verification using PAPI and IDI techniques (58 large enterprises with a high level of project maturity and experience in implementing project management) were used. Main findings: The paper presents design management as a type of organisational activity important for achieving organisational resilience. The essence of design management, its two models and the management conditions necessary to implement this approach were described. The role of managers in implementing change in an organisation is characterised. The above considerations are based on a literature review and own research.
EN
It was said, that only products that fulfill customer needs, are profitable. Today, in the era of the Internet, globalization and unrestricted access to information, the ability to produce even unique product is not always a guarantee of success. Designers, marketers and managers try to recognize and satisfy their customers. However, it turns out that the customer doesn’t dictate them his needs, but they have the main role – they must create these needs in the mind of the recipient. The paper shows the necessity of the new look at the customer’s language, redefinition the meaning of his needs and the role of design management in the process of creating a new product.
PL
Celem rozważań jest zaprezentowanie zmieniającej się roli designera w procesie rozwoju nowego produktu. Tradycyjnie, rolą projektantów było nadawanie produktom odpowiedniego wyglądu zewnętrznego, estetyki. Takie rozumienie odpowiada definicji polskiego słowa „wzornictwo” lub „wzornictwo przemysłowe”. W ostatnich latach zauważyć można jednak systematyczny wzrost zainteresowania designem, w znacznie szerszym rozumieniu tego pojęcia. Design to coraz częściej źródło innowacji, interpretacji zmian zachodzących na rynku, narzędzie budujące przewagę konkurencyjną firmy na rynku. Artykuł ma charakter koncepcyjny, jest oparty na przeglądzie literatury, prezentuje zmianę roli designerów podczas procesu rozwoju nowego produktu. Implikacje praktyczne to przede wszystkim dostarczenie wiedzy i narzędzi polskim menadżerom, chcącym rozpocząć pracę z projektantami, jak też dostarczenie informacji o korzyściach szerszego postrzegania roli projektanta w firmie. Implikacje społeczne to pomoc w komunikacji pomiędzy menadżerami a projektantami.
EN
An aim of considerations is to present the changing role of designer in the process of new product development. Traditionally, the role of designers was to assign products a new external appearance, aesthetics. Such an understanding corresponds with the definition of the terms ‘design’ and ‘industrial design’. However, recently there can be observed a systematic growth of the interest in design in a much wider sense of this notion. Design more and more often is a source of innovation, of interpretation of the changes taking place in the market, a tool building company’s competitive advantage in the market. The article is of the conceptual nature, it is based on the literature review, and it presents the change of the role of designers during the process of new product development. Practical implications mean, first of all, delivery of knowledge and tools to Polish managers, who want to start work with designers, as well as provision of information on benefits of a broader perception of the role of designers in a business. Social implications mean assistance in communication between managers and designers.
RU
Цель рассуждений – представить изменяющуюся роль дизайнера в процессе развития нового продукта. Традиционно роль проектировщиков состояла в наделении продуктов соответствующим внешним видом, эстетикой. Такое понимание отвечает определению термина «дизайн» или «промышлен- ный дизайн». В последние годы можно однако заметить систематический рост заинтересованности в дизайне в значительно более широком его понятии. Дизайн – все чаще источник инноваций, толкования изменений, происходящих на рынке, инструмент формирования конкурентного преимущества фирмы на рынке. Статья имеет концептуальный характер, она основана на обзоре литературы, представляет изменение роли дизайнеров по ходу процесса развития нового продукта. Практические импликации – это, прежде всего, предоставление знаний и инструментов польским менеджерам, которые хотят начать работу с проектировщиками, а также предоставление информации о выгодах более широкого восприятия роли проектировщика в фирме. Общественные импликации – помощь в общении между менеджерами и проектировщиками.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie modelu biznesu firmy kreatywnej w kontekście design management. Opracowanie jest krytycznym przeglądem literatury. W części pierwszej opisano przyczynę zajęcia się problematyką przedsiębiorstw kreatywnych w tym modeli biznesowych, przedstawiono definicje przedsiębiorstwa/ firmy kreatywnej, a także cechy modelu biznesu firmy kreatywnej. W części drugiej opisano przyczynę zajęcia się problematyką design management, przedstawiono definicje, a także jego cechy. Część trzecia jest zestawieniem porównawczym modeli biznesowych firm kreatywnych z cechami design management i próbą odpowiedzi na pytania: czy istnieje jakaś zależność pomiędzy tymi dwoma tendencjami, czy jest coś co je ze sobą łączy? Na tej podstawie autor stworzył model teoretyczny, który w przyszłości będzie weryfikowany przez badania empiryczne.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the creative company’s business model in the context of design management. The article is a literature review. The first part outlines reasons for dealing with the issues of the creative sector, including business models. It presents definitions of the creative sector and of a creative organisation/company, as well as the characteristics of the creative company’s business model. In the second part, reason for focusing on design management issues, its definitions and features are explored. The third part presents a comparison of business models of creative companies with design management. The author also attempts to establish whether any relationship between these two trends exists and what connects them.
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