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Social and Administrative Crises Interlocking: The Misery of Rural Peripheries in Hungary

100%
Kovács K.
Eastern European Countryside
|
2010
|
vol. 16
89-113
EN
This paper reports on the fundamental processes reshaping rural areas in Hungary. Using indicators of social composition of settlements, the first section demonstrates large-scale polarisation resulting in vast zones of social crisis on the peripheries. The proceeding sections explore that small villages in lagging areas have been in a situation of despair in the last decade and a half, partly because of the social and economic burden they had to cope with, and partly because of their meagre financial situation brought about by the contradictions of the Hungarian administrative system, fiscal policies and their marginal position in relation to their access to development funds. The last paragraph of the last section voices hopes concerning some second generation development policies targeting rural areas in general and lagging areas in particular with more focused policy instruments.The study refers to research material gained from the following projects.
2
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Współdziałanie podmiotów władzy publicznej na rzecz rozwoju

94%
Kokocińska K.
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
|
2015
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vol. 77
|
issue 3
181-191
EN
This paper is an analysis of legal instruments available for the strengthening of cooperation between central government and self-government structures. Such cooperation should be based on interrelated activities conducted by their respective executive bodies. When proposing new legal forms of activity in development policies, special focus should be put on strategies and programmes developed in the course of a properly conducted drafting and adoption process. The specific relationships in the implementation of development policy have resulted in the formationof a relationship called a mechanism of modelling legal relationships. It is based on non-standard bilateral forms of collaboration carried out by public entities (a regional contract, territorial contract, and partnership contract) which are determined by the common public goal or purpose. These contractual forms of cooperation serve to delineate mutual relationships between bodies that are otherwise not bound by a hierarchical subordination relationship, but whose independence may, in effect of these contracts, be altered. Therefore the very essence underlying  comanagement of projects is a desire to achieve a certain purpose, but above all to do so with regard to the existing and law-induced regime of the contracting parties.
PL
Artykuł obejmuje analizę prawnych instrumentów służących wzmocnieniu współpracy struktur rządowych i samorządowych, opartej na wzajemnie powiązanych działaniach podmiotów władzy wykonawczej. Wskazując nowe, prawne formy działania podmiotów władzy publicznej, występujące w sferze prowadzenia polityki rozwoju, szczególne znaczenie przypisać należy aktom polityki rozwoju ‒ strategiom rozwoju i programom, stanowiącym wynik prawnie uporządkowanego procesu ich przygotowania i przyjmowania przez współpracujące podmioty władzy wykonawczej. Swoisty układ stosunków w sferze prowadzenia polityki rozwoju doprowadził również do wykształcenia nowego typu zorganizowania współpracy w strukturach podmiotów władzy wykonawczej, określonego jako konsensualny mechanizm modelowania stosunków prawnych. Tworzą go nietypowe, dwustronne formy współdziałania podmiotów publicznych (kontrakt wojewódzki, kontrakt terytorialny i umowa partnerstwa), determinowane realizacją wspólnych celów publicznych. Te umowne formy współpracy służące wyznaczaniu relacji pomiędzy hierarchicznie niepodporządkowanymi podmiotami publicznymi władzy wykonawczej (wyznaczając wzajemne publicznoprawne relacje) mogą skutkować modyfikacją gwarantowanego ustawowo zakresu samodzielności podmiotów tych stosunków. Dlatego istota problematyki współadministrowania zasadza się na tym, że wyznaczanie wzajemnych relacji pomiędzy współdziałającymi podmiotami władzy publicznej determinować powinny ‒ obok uwarunkowań celowościowych, organizacyjnych i funkcjonalnych ‒ przede wszystkim założenia ustrojowe.
3
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How to build a resilient society in a weak state: the case of Lebanon

84%
Issa A.
|
2022
|
vol. XLVIII
|
issue 3
247-256
EN
The Beirut Port explosion brought to the world’s attention the long-term struggle of a population suffering from structural deficiencies due to the lack of efficient public policies and strong state institutions capable of fulfilling their primary roles. The weak Lebanese state is the victim of its rulers’ inability to ensure their population has access to its basic needs and rights. On the other hand, the population itself is stuck in a vicious circle due to the specificity of the Lebanese political culture that gives more power and allegiance to the community than the state itself, creating an atmosphere revolving around corruption, clientelism and violence, and leading to massive flow of educated young people who desperately want to but cannot help their country. In such circumstances, both the state and the population become a target for bigger regional powers that use the Lebanese territory as a battlefield for their own rivalries and interests. Consequently, and with an unprecedent economic crisis, building a resilient society in Lebanon is challenged by various obstacles that need to be addressed as a whole, by including the different actors involved in such processes and mostly the local population itself, whose role is indispensable in building lasting resilience and peace.
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