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Diaspora żydowska w Egipcie w czasach biblijnych

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Bosowski J.

Scriptura Sacra

2015

issue 19

65-84

Deportations of Jews into the Babylonian captivity began a period of diaspora, because a part of the inhabitants of Judea took shelter in Egypt. In the fifth century BC, on the island of Elephantine – an island in the Nile, near the First Cataract – a colony of Jewish soldiers, who served in the army of Pharaoh, was created. Moreover, a temple following the templein Jerusalem was built there. After the conquest of Egypt, made by Alexander the Great, the Jewish Diaspora intensively developed. Jews were invited to settle in the newly built port city – Alexandria, which became the capital of the whole Egypt, as well as the scientific and artistic centre.The Judaic literature in Greek language, which was used every day, developed mainly in this city. The establishment of the Septuagint, the Greek Bible translated from Hebrew, wasthe most significant result of this development. Successive waves of emigration of Jews in the second century BC resulted in creation of the Jewish settlements in Leontopolis, where the temple of the Highest God was also built. During the reign of the Ptolemies, there were also the situations of the persecution of Jews. One such event was successfully completed, and it is called a “miracle of the hippodrome”.Since the conquest of Egypt by the Romans (30 BC), the situation of the Jewish Diaspora was gradually getting worse. In 38 AD, the first defeat of the Alexandrian Jews took place, and the next one occurred. The Jews, dissatisfied with their position, both in Egypt and the surrounding lands, started an armed rebellion, which was brutally suppressed by Romans in the 115–117 AD. It was the end of the Jewish Diaspora in Egypt, the history of which lasted over VII centuries.

Żydzi amazońscy w Peru. Zarys problematyki, cz. II

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Skałczyńska-Falczyńska M.

Studia Żydowskie. Almanach

2015

vol. 5

issue 5

165-197

The process of creating a Jewish community in Iquitos (Peru), also known as Amazonian Jews refers to mostly descendents of 19th century Moroccan Jews who came to the Amazon jungle during the rubber boom of the 1880s. In the mosaic of heterogenic societies of Sephardic Jews in Latin America the community from Iquitos presents one of those examples of minority within minority and middleman minority who has attempted to build its identity through the revitalization of its connections with Jews from Lima, and after the 1948 – with the State of Israel. The case of “Jewish Mestizos” – “diaspora in Jewish diaspora” with its complicated social, political and cultural background situated in ideological discussion about the role and the place of the state in relations with Jewish people - should be recognized as one of those forms of expression of contemporary ethnic groups that in the process of building its identity refers to the status of returning diaspora. This interesting and still unexplored scientific field requires to establish the latest tendencies in different levels of religion practices and patterns of collective life in connection with observed choices, attitudes and exposed values.

Proces tworzenia społeczności żydowskiej w Iquitos (Peru), znani również jako Żydzi amazońscy, odnosi się głównie do potomków XIX-wiecznych Żydów marokańskich, którzy przybyli do amazońskiej dżungli podczas boomu kauczukowego w latach 80. XIX wieku. W mozaice heterogenicznych społeczności Żydów sefardyjskich w Ameryce Łacińskiej społeczność z Iquitos reprezentuje jeden z tych przykładów mniejszości w obrębie mniejszości i pośredniej mniejszości, która próbowała budować swoją tożsamość poprzez rewitalizację związków z Żydami z Limy, a po 1948 roku z Państwem Izrael. Za jedną z tych form należy uznać przypadek „żydowskich Metysów” – „diaspory w diasporze żydowskiej” ze skomplikowanym tłem społecznym, politycznym i kulturowym sytuującym się w ideologicznej dyskusji o roli i miejscu państwa w stosunkach z narodem żydowskim, ekspresji współczesnych grup etnicznych, które w procesie budowania swojej tożsamości odwołują się do statusu powracającej diaspory. Ta interesująca i wciąż niezbadana dziedzina nauki wymaga ustalenia najnowszych tendencji na różnych poziomach praktyk religijnych i wzorców życia zbiorowego w związku z obserwowanymi wyborami, postawami i eksponowanymi wartościami.

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1 Scriptura Sacra

1 Studia Żydowskie. Almanach

1 Bosowski J.

1 Skałczyńska-Falczyńska M.

2 2015

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Diaspora żydowska w Egipcie w czasach biblijnych

Żydzi amazońscy w Peru. Zarys problematyki, cz. II