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EN
The study presents digital tools and practices used for research of the international correspondence network of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk before 1918. The discussion highlights the usefulness of spatial visualization and network analysis for interpreting the correspondence network as a significant instrument in the process of the creation of Czechoslovakia after the First World War. The ambition is to outline, using this example, the paradigm shift in historical science related to the recent entry of the digital world into the humanities.
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Monasteries and the digital humanities

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EN
In humanities, new methodological search in the area of historical research oriented at culture and its different manifestations, also those of the library sense, are often characterized by the interdisciplinarity of research and openness to new research models. They are currently backed up with modern tools and methods based on information technologies. They have also gained an institutional backing of many institutions promoting digital humanities (DH), created mainly in university circles. Improvement in the range of DH is clearly noticeable in the range of research concentrated on the historical aspect of Christianity and its cultural meaning, preserving in the social life practice the cultural goods and religious values. The autopresentations of orders and monasteries in the web - internet websites, blogs, projects devoted to the architectonic reconstruction are supplemented by such tools as digital archives and libraries, personal and geographic databases, bibliographic databases or projects devoted to provenience research - they are becoming a basis for building new Net 3.0 tools necessary for bibliographic and historical research.
EN
Rather than reporting on original research, this paper seeks to define the complex and rather diffuse domain of digital humanities by examining the historical and technological origins of the discipline. The distinction between the practice of the computer-mediated storage and retrieval of data relevant to human artefacts and the creative building of ‘digital culture’ draws a rough dividing line across the objectives of digital humanists. A historical outline of the distant origins of digital humanities suggests that the discipline is foundationally and intrinsically linked to computational linguistics and the development of linguistic resources. The boundaries of the discipline have been shifting concomitantly with the broadening of the scientific horizon and the evolution of dedicated technologies. Text mark-up (stemming from text annotation) and the multimodal facilities offered by ordinary browsers are the two basic techniques which have promoted the progressive development and expansion of digital humanities. These two techniques are closely interconnected as the language operated by the http protocol (HyperText Transfer Protocol) derives from the same source as that used for text mark-up. Hypertext and multimodality allow extending the uses of the computer to store and access humanities data of various kinds, including images, videos and sound recordings. Finally, the declaration of entities, as a further development of mark-up, makes it possible to apply semantic web techniques to carry out advanced research studies. The field of creative digital culture is very large, and there are abundant software applications that support such creative pursuits. Consequently, several forms of art have largely profited from technological advancement. Given this, the paper also addresses technological obsolescence as a serious problem in digital humanities.
IT
Questo articolo non presenta una ricerca originale, ma è piuttosto un tentativo di definire questo settore scientifico così complesso e piuttosto sfumato, facendo anche ricorso alle sue radici storiche e tecnologiche. Una prima linea di distinzione degli obiettivi di questa disciplina consiste nell’opposizione tra tecniche per memorizzare e recuperare mediante calcolatore dati rilevanti agli artefatti umani e la costruzione creativa di una “cultura digitale”. Un breve ricostruzione storica delle prime origini delle "digital humanities", fa supporre una connessione con la linguistica computazionale e con lo sviluppo delle risorse linguistiche come fondamenti della disciplina. I confini della disciplina sono evoluti con l’ampliarsi degli orizzonti scientifici e l’evoluzione delle tecnologie dedicate. Le tecnologie di base che rendono possibile lo sviluppo di aree più vaste di Digital Humanities sono due, l’annotazione testuale, con il conseguente "markup", e le capacità multimediali offerte dai browser ordinari. Queste due tecniche sono strettamente legate, dal momento che il linguaggio che è utilizzato dal protocollo http (HyperText Transfer Protocol) ha origine comune con quello che viene utilizzato nel markup testuale. Ipertestualità e multimodalità permettono l’estensione dell’uso del computer nella memorizzazione e recupero di materiali umanistici di tipo diverso, includendo immagini, video e suoni. Alla fine, un ulteriore sviluppo del "markup", cioè la dichiarazione delle entities, ha reso possibile l’uso di tecniche di semantic web per condurre ricerche avanzate. Il campo della cultura digitale creativa è vastissimo e la quantità di software disponibili per rendere possibile questa creatività è enorme; alcune forme di arte ne hanno largamente tratto vantaggio. Nella conclusione si discute il serio problema dell’obsolescenza tecnologica.
EN
The advanced use of digital technologies, the existence of freely accessible structured knowledge bases, the increasing level of standardization and the needs of the scientific community offer those who process bibliographical data qualitatively new options for processing such data. In line with current trends in accessing scientific data, which are also reflected in the development of scientific policies (FAIR principles, open science, linkable open data, etc.), the issue of the re-use of existing datasets is gaining in importance. The present text uses the example of the Literarybibliography.eu portal to indicate the options for creating an international subject bibliography for literary studies from existing data sources, while discussing both the theoretical concept behind the project and the technological and methodological issues involved in the creation of such a bibliography, especially the harmonization and further enhancement of the source data.
PL
The article presents a series of five cultural renaissances which took place in the Western World from the 3rd century BC to the 15th–16th centuries AD. One feature which all these renaissances had in common was a type of technological turn which either triggered or helped to spread renewed interest in literature. The end of the 20th century and especially the beginning of the 21st century has been witness to a major technological revolution. Some signs of literary and philological renewal can also be observed, especially in the field of classical studies. All this has led some scholars to believe that we are currently heading for the sixth Renaissance.
EN
This thesis discusses the basic options of work in an application Transkribus, about its benefits, pitfalls and innovations that we presented in the selected sample of archival documents with the topic of citizen complaints during the governance of the Communist party in Czechoslovakia in the 1948-1989. Gradually we have documented the process of working with historical sources in Transkribus, preparation, transcription and the results. Because we focused on typewritten documents only, we compared the results with other ways and options of transcription, we evaluated their usability, which leads to interesting conclusions and results. The thesis is also supported by statistical indicators and pictorial schedules on the basis of which we have did specific conclusions. In the thesis we also present the issue of citizen complaints as a topic of historical research.
EN
The article tries to answer the following question: “what is the potential of digital data bases in research of the history and theory of marginal literatures”, that is, in the research of women’s writing? The focus of the text is on the data base Knjiženstvo, as well as on the complete project Knjiženstvo, theory and history of women’s writing in Serbian language until 1915 which connects its topic with European context in an innovative way.
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EN
Archives are important places for researching and reconstructing the past, they lead to discoveries, and they can refute dominant stereotypes. Despite that fact, Serbian feminist scholars have neglected archival research of women writers. In this paper the author points out to resistance of the main Serbian institutions to digitalize archival sources of women writers and indicates some consequences of contemporary feminists’ stance to historical sources. The author directs attention to some important but ignored examples of archival materials in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since they offer informative, significant, and complex account on the past, they can help reconstruct of the South Slavic culture and establish the importance of women writers. Keywords
EN
Digital cinema history should support the conduct of free research, encourage authors to share the results of their findings and source discoveries. The problem is that Polish digital history of cinema, on one hand, is very poor (still a small part of sources and theoretical, historical and critical scientific achievements is available on-line), on the other hand, what has already appeared, is not representative because it omits largely the work of film studying authorities. For example, on the Internet you can find the views of researchers of the younger generation about the cultural history of the cinema in Polish context, including criticism of thesis described by scientific tycoons, but these are the texts that can be read only in paper publications. It begins to be, by the scientific standards, strange, because in the history of digital cinema leading roles are played by the young researchers, but without a clash of views with the authorities. The fact that on the net there are no statements concerning the scientific research given by the greatest experts of Polish cinema, who do not want to turn into a discussion with the young ones, causes the situation in which data to the history of Polish cinema digitally available are (so far) not always satisfying either as the aspect of cognition or the source. 
PL
In case of digital history of Polish cinema Digita l cinema history should support the conduct of free research, encourage authors to share the results of their findings and source discoveries. The problem is that Polish digital history of cinema on one hand is very poor (still a small part of sources and theoretical, historical and critical scientifi cachievements is available on-line), on the other hand, what has already appeared, is not representative because it omits largely the work of film studying authorities. For example, on the Internet you can find the views of researchers of the younger generation about the cultural history of the cinema in Polish context, including criticism of thesis described by scientifictycoons, but these are the texts that can be read only in paper publications. It begins to be, by the scientific standards, strange, because in the history of digital cinema leading roles are played by the young researchers, but without a clash of views with the authorities. The fact that on the net there are no statements concerning the scientifi cresearch given by the greatest experts of Polish cinema, who do not want to turn into a discussion with the young ones, causes the situation in which data to the history of Polish cinema digitally available are (so far) not always satisfying either as the aspect of cognition or the source.  
Human Affairs
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2012
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vol. 22
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issue 2
111-121
EN
This article contends that the evolution toward interdisciplinary collaboration that we are witnessing in the sciences must also occur in the humanities to ensure their very survival. That is, humanists must be open to working with scientists and social scientists interested in similar research questions and vice versa. Digital humanities is a positive first step. Complexity science should be the next step. Even though much of the ground-breaking work in complexity science has been done in the natural sciences and mathematics, it can, if critically adapted, provide the needed metaphor for a broad integration of disciplines, humanistic and otherwise. Given its almost a-disciplinary nature, a complexity approach to the research problems in the humanities necessarily breaks down silos. Moreover, it can restore and reframe the seamless intellectual fabric sought by researchers before the atomization of the various disciplines in the nineteenthcentury academy.
EN
Since 2016, hobby metal-detecting is legal in Flanders (Belgium), although it was unofficially tolerated for many years before. However, research on metal-detected artefacts in Flanders is hindered by a low reporting rate. The MEDEA project aims to address this by encouraging detectorists to record their finds on an online platform. Finds experts are invited to enrich records with further information and thus instigate a rewarding feedback cycle. This paper discusses MEDEA’s ‘Human-Centred Design’ development process and the design choices underpinning the platform. MEDEA may be seen as an example of ‘Open Archaeology’ and related trends in digital humanities.
EN
Some Notions about Polish Digital Humanities in the Linguistic PerspectiveThis article is devoted to selected aspects of digital humanities in Poland, especially academic communication and linguistic metalanguage. Considerations in this respect have so far focused primarily on topics related to the use of digital tools in humanities research rather than those concerning the ontological status of this research field. This paper presents the impact of issues associated with digital humanities on language and communication space. The study focuses on how linguistic and communicative reality changes in contact with what is classified as digital humanities. The discussion considers word-formation, lexical and semantic phenomena in linguistic terminology, using material from the iSybislaw digital bibliography and other sources. Wybrane aspekty polskiej humanistyki cyfrowej z perspektywy językoznawczejArtykuł poświęcony jest wybranym aspektom humanistyki cyfrowej w Polsce w perspektywie komunikacji naukowej i metajęzyka językoznawstwa. Ma charakter wprowadzający, dlatego też zarysowane w nim tematy, różnorodne, lecz związane wspólnym słowem kluczowym, jakim jest językoznawstwo, mają na celu wskazanie możliwości badawczych, które stoją przed badaczami lingwistami. Dotychczasowe rozważania na temat humanistyki cyfrowej w Polsce koncentrują się głównie na kwestiach związanych z wykorzystywaniem i użytecznością narzędzi cyfrowych w badaniach humanistycznych, znacznie rzadziej dotyczą statusu ontologicznego tego pola badawczego. W niniejszym artykule przybliżam kwestię oddziaływania zagadnień łączonych z humanistyką cyfrową zwłaszcza na polską przestrzeń językową. Uwzględniam zjawiska słowotwórcze, leksykalne, semantyczne na gruncie słownictwa specjalistycznego (terminologii szeroko rozumianego językoznawstwa), wykorzystując także materiał z bibliografii cyfrowej iSybislaw.
EN
Mirosław Wobalis, Digital Communicators – creators or imitators?, Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, No. 23, Poznań 2018. Pp. 117–133. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2018.23.07 The article touches upon the issue of influence of modern digital media on the attitudes of recipients/ broadcasters (digital communicators) related to their creative activities. The first indication applies to the fact that the development of digital technologies introduces a new digital order of communication (from the primary order, through the secondary and hybrid order, to the digital order), which in turn provides communicators with a broad spectrum of new methods and tools of communication 0 including tools permitting creative activities. Second of all, it is noted that despite the mentioned rich offer of digital tools and the promotion of creative attitudes, digital media, in particular global social media, are dominated by attitudesof re-production related both to common re-distribution of existing content (sharing, copying and pasting, etc.), and even limiting creativity entirely (likes, tags). The remarks made are compared to opinions of digital media researchers and neurobiologists indicating on the one hand the weakening/ dissolution of the reception of content by digital media (the negative effect of multi-tasking), and on the other hand, the supersaturation of emotions related to the reception of content (negative influence of computer games). In conclusion, attention is turned to the necessity of establishing in contemporary communicators (on all levels of education) of digital communication competences, in particular the promotion of creative attitudesrelated to these competences.
EN
Creating content providing systems and programming database connections, queries, and complex web platforms are primarily the tasks of information technology. However, the professional and content-related preparation of service engineering and the customisation and effective use of content providing systems belong to the librarians’ competences and therefore constitute an interdisciplinary area of our training. The so called Content Development Working Group of the Institute of Library and Information Science of the Faculty of Humanities at Eötvös Loránd University has, therefore, had a dual purpose since the mid-2000s. On the one hand, it involves future librarians in projects yielding tangible outcomes for the professional community, thus helping the students acquire competences relating to various aspects of the librarian profession through motivating and creative work. On the other hand, the working group studies and analyses the instruments of content provision, especially network-based information services. The results obtained through joint research and the display platform created are also published as a complex project, thus introducing students into the network-based forms of research support and scientific information provision. As an integral part of a modern librarian’s duties is to inform social media users of existing digital collections, within the framework of the programme we also test the effectiveness of libraries’ social media presence through short excerpts of our sample projects. Bearing all the above in mind, this paper aims to provide a detailed description of (1) the content development projects, (2) the experimental research projects and (3) the collaborative projects of the Content Development Working Group devised to enhance trainee librarians’ interdisciplinary competences. The study also highlights how the outcomes of the projects are integrated into the disciplinary (BA and MA) degree programmes of the Institute. To demonstrate the broader context of the undertaking, the study also includes a short section on the educational aspects of e-books and e-publishing and presents some of the internationally recognised results, the international connections and the future plans of the Centre for Digital Humanities founded in the Institute in 2017.
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EN
The authors presents various aspects of the functioning of the international medieval portal Ménestrel. This text was prepared as a paper for the Warsaw conference of the Mnestrel milieu, held at the Polish National Library, in 2014. The authors recounts the beginnings of the portal, its development, and the research fields that are of interest to its editors. The international character of the collaborators of the portal is emphasised, as well as the fact that all contributrs are volunteers working for the common cause. Thanks to their effort, M nestrel is counted among the most important medieval research and documentation projects on the Internet. One of the fi elds that has gained prominence among the Ménestrel group lately is digitisation of medieval manuscripts and making tchem accessible on the network.
PL
Autorki przedstawiają rożne aspekty związane z funkcjonowaniem międzynarodowego portalu mediewistycznego Ménestrel. Okazją do powstania artykułu była doroczna konferencja środowiska związanego z tym portalem, która odbyła się w Bibliotece Narodowej w Warszawie. W artykule zostały przedstawione początki portalu mediewistycznego Ménestrel, jego rozwój oraz obszary badawcze będące w polu zainteresowania redaktorów. Podkreślone zostały aspekty międzynarodowej współpracy kilkuset współpracowników portalu, którzy, pracując w charakterze wolontariuszy, doprowadzili do tego, że portal Ménestrel należy do najważniejszych przedsięwzięć naukowych i dokumentacyjnych poświęconych średniowieczu w Internecie. Jednym z obszarów, które ostatnio znalazły się w polu zainteresowania grupy Ménestrel, jest digitalizacja rękopisów średniowiecznych i udostępnianie ich w sieci.
EN
The purpose of this research is to analyze the dissemination of Kafka’s work through the exploitation of big data (Mayer-Schönberger and Cukier 2013), specifically using criticometrics (Ferrer 2011), an approach that allows to empirically measure the critical reception of literary works. The results show, on the one hand, the important links of Kafka with various European literatures and writers, mainly those whose language of expression is German. On the other hand, we observe significant relationships with writers from all over the world, from Borges to Coetzee, to Kõbõ. The indicators also reveal that the reception of Kafka’s work in the Czech Republic is not very significant, while the large number of publications originated in the United States clearly indicates that we are dealing with a case of literary interference.
EN
The article presents the perspective of modern education in Polish philology studies. The author discusses selected challenges of contemporary Polish philology academic education. As the example, the author characterizes the educational program of two specializations: Media Communication and Digital Media and Culture, implemented in the Institute of Polish Philology, Adam Mickiewicz University. She points also to the need to broaden the professional competence of students of Polish philology. These could be skills in other disciplines of the humanities and new technologies. In this way both specializations refers to the idea of digital humanities (DH) which is a scholarly activity at the intersection of computer technology and the disciplines of the humanities.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje perspektywy kształcenia współczesnych polonistów. Autorka na przykładzie programu dwóch specjalizacji: komunikacji medialnej i kultury mediów cyfrowych, realizowanych w Instytucie Filologii Polskiej UAM, omawia wybrane wyzwania współczesnej polonistycznej edukacji akademickiej. Wskazuje na potrzebę poszerzenia kompetencji zawodowych studentów filologii polskiej o umiejętności z zakresu innych dyscyplin humanistycznych i nowych technologii. Odwołuje się w ten sposób do idei humanistyki cyfrowej.
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Content available

Egyptologie na internetu

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EN
The article follows an example of Wouter Claes and Ellen van Keer (2014) and provides an overview of the Egyptological sources available on the Internet, intended to serve interested Czech and Slovak audiences. Two main aims of the article are to provide a catalogue of the Internet sources and to discuss some problems connected to them. After a short history of the Internet and its diverse language versions, fundamental Egyptological resources are discussed, followed by web pages of the Egyptological institutes and museums, sources on the ancient Egyptian language and archaeology, Egyptological journals, social networks (i.e. predominantly Facebook, Academia.edu and Research Gate), videos, pseudoarchaeological sources, digital humanities, open data and Web 2.0 (crowdsourcing projects). The available data are mostly only of the first star of the five-star data deployment scheme as proposed by Tim Berners-Lee. Additionally, although a lot of data and databases are available online for free, the latest knowledge published in monographs and journals is only exceptionally reachable in open access. In this respect, the cataloguing of existing sources by specialists is very important, represented in the field e.g. by Egyptology Resources and Ancient World Online.
Forum Poetyki
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2020
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issue 21
8-29
EN
The paper is about the theoretical and practical proposals of genetic criticism and its complicated relations with academic editing. The author discusses the benefits from applying that method of reading manuscripts, the related difficulties and possibilities of using its effects in digital editing. Examples of existing digital genetic editions are presented, with practical tips regarding the technical aspects – including the language used for encoding manuscripts and digital reconstruction of the text-producing process – related to such a presentation of a text in a digital environment.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy teoretycznych i praktycznych propozycji krytyki genetycznej oraz jej skomplikowanej relacji z edytorstwem naukowym. Autor omawia korzyści wynikające z zastosowań tej metody czytania rękopisów, związane z nią trudności oraz możliwości wykorzystania jej efektów w edytorstwie cyfrowym. Przedstawia także przykłady istniejących cyfrowych edycji genetycznych, dodając praktyczne uwagi dotyczące aspektów technicznych – w tym języka do kodowania rękopisów i cyfrowej rekonstrukcji procesu tekstotwórczego – związanych z taką prezentacją tekstu w środowisku elektronicznym.
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