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EN
The term “LIMITÉ” is used to mark sensitive unclassified documents which should be particularly secured because their public disclosure in an inappropriate moment might have had a negative impact on the decision-making process of the Council. Such documents are shared with the Member States and must be delivered only to appointed persons. Documents marked “LIMITÉ” must not be disclosed to public, media and individuals, unless an appropriate authorization has been given. The discussed documents are subject to the Council’s guidelines on the handling of documents internal to the Council. The guidelines are classified as ‘atypical’ acts (soft law documents). They are used primarily in internal organisation mechanisms of the EU.
EN
Abstract Local governments adopt performance budgeting for a number of reasons, identified in many areas of the commune’s operations including service management, work organization, decision-making process and, above all, at every stage of the budget process. Prior research focuses mainly on the effects of performance budgeting implementation such as increased efficiency of financial resources management and increased transparency and openness of the budget and the opportunity to ratio¬nalize the costs of implementing specific tasks or improvements of the allocation of public funds. Using a questionaire, this study contributes by identifying the expectations of local governments related to the implementation of performance budgets in municipalities. A second contribution is in revealing the kinds of documents with which the performance budget should be linked and determining who should be responsible for its implementation in municipalities. The survey was conducted among 45 selected communes which are located in Warmia and Mazury voivodship. The results of the survey show that the greatest expectation in implementing the task budget was the desire to create better financial management in the municipality and to create a clearer budget for management, employees and residents of the municipality. According to the respondents, per¬sons who should be involved in the process of budget preparation in the new task system should be the commune administrator or the treasurer of the commune. Most municipalities, as a means of transferring information about the budget assumptions, propose using a commune’s website and an information board at the commune office.
EN
The article deals with the general analysis of documents on the history of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, which are kept in the Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine and in the Sectoral State Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. The author investigates the sources that reflect the public mood and reaction of the Ukrainian SSR’ citizens to the events in Hungary, and also cover the authorities’ actions aimed at the purposeful ideological influence on formation of the general public’s opinion on the 1956 Hungarian Revolution.
EN
A study related to Dot-matrix printers has been carried out in order to analyze the effect of change of substrate on its printing characteristics. Twenty Dot-matrix printers and five types of substrates (or white pages) have been selected for the study. The printouts have been taken on all the five types of white papers from each of the twenty Dot-matrix printers. These printouts have been examined using stereomicroscope (4x40magnification) and VSC 2000 C to examine the features such as change in colour of ink, lustre of printing text, impact of printing, spreading of ink, background noise, UV fluorescence and absorption spectra. It has been concluded that the physical characteristics of dot-matrix printing gets changed by changing the type of substrate even in case of the same printer. Thus, the results of this study would definitely help the forensic document examiners to give an accurate opinion on the cases related to Dot-matrix printouts, specifically in the examination of multiple documents (consisting of different types of papers).
EN
Local memory is a type of common memory and originates from memory studies. It defines a group’s memory, as it is ascribed to specific members of a community, specific places and time. Social life documents are carriers of popular information on specific memory places (i.e. places in a given regional space, as well as events, characters, artefacts) of a given region. From the point of view of time lapsing apart from a medium of communication they become a medium of local memory. The aim of the article is to analyse texts of social life documents referring to tourism as a medium creating local identity in the period of the Free City of Gdansk.
EN
Synods were an opportunity for the Church to listen to and dialogue between clergy and laity at the local level. In antiquity, they raised important doctrinal and disciplinary issues in the Church in the context of emerging heresies. The documents of these synods still constitute a unique source of theological research. The Katowice synods of 1972-1975 and 2012-2016 expressed common concern “for being the Church and being in the Church”.
EN
Archival inquiries have always been the basis of every historian's work. Researching the past is not possible without analyzing the sources, and these – although they often relate to one event – are often scattered across many archival institutions. The purpose of this article is to analyze all kinds of archival materials stored at the Józef Piłsudski Institute in New York, which relate to the history of the Polish-Russian war of 1919-1920. Although 100 years have passed since those events, there are still some ambiguities in Polish historiography about this conflict that require clarification or at least clarification. The materials stored at the Pilsudski Institute in New York were for many years the least used and least released into the scientific circulation for many years. Perhaps this text will reverse this trend, which will certainly benefit the quality of research.
EN
The author attempts to answer the question: ‘which actions may be taken by a Deputy under Article 19(1) of the Act on the Exercise of the Mandate of a deputy or Senator in relation to companies with State shareholdings’. He provides an analysis of the following phrases ‘the right to obtain information and materials’, ‘the right to enter the premises where the information and materials are kept’ and ‘the right to inspect the activities’. As a consequence of the analysis, the author proposes that a narrowing interpretation of rights resulting from Article 19 of the Act must be adopted, and points to the need for ‘restraint in the exercise of rights specified in Article 19’, particularly ‘the right to inspect the activities’.
EN
Thesis. This study explores the role of postcards as a historical, documentary, and artistic source depicting the events of the Holocaust, focusing on postcards written or received by inhabitants of the Lodz Ghetto. 78 postcards were translated into Hebrew and on exhibition at the Holocaust and Heroism Memorial Museum in Israel. Research indicates that the postcards served as an authentic and rare source of information as well as understanding the emotions of Jews whose lives were overshadowed by the threat of annihilation. Methods. The study is a qualitative one, based on the grounded theory approach. Analysis is established on identifying and characterising recurrences in the raw material of findings, with a clear definition of the unit of analysis, to build a hierarchy of the recurrences and themes, and to construct a theoretical model that explains the reality under investigation. Researchers in this method gather information about the life patterns of their subjects as well as the organizational and social structures. Grounded theory assumes that all people who have shared life circumstances also have shared social and psychological patterns, which even if not consciously formulated or expressed grow from the shared experiences. Results and conclusion. In-depth analysis reveals the historical events from the perspective of the postcard writers, as they experienced them in the ghetto. The postcards sent to the ghetto by relatives and acquaintances reveal their writers’ hopes of reuniting with their family or their extreme despair as they cope with the loss of their family.
XX
Researchers from humanities and social sciences academic disciplines often explicitly acknowledge diversity of methods and types of data used during a given research process. However, when anthropologists, historians or sociologists talk about archival work, participant observation or analysis of cultural texts, do they really talk about the same research methods? Despite prominence of a discourse of multi-, inter or trans-disciplinarity, academic training is still conducted largely within disciplinary boundaries, with particular attention given to development of one or two principal research methods that require acquisition of specific research skills and sensitivities. In a case of anthropology, field research with participant observation is the principal research method; while for history the same can be said about work with archival documents. Moreover, those principal research methods shape researcher’s attitudes towards other types of sources and methods. On the basis of an analysis of two cases (from Altai and Transcarpathia), concerning a significance of encountering written documents in the field, the author shows how reliance on a particular research method can raise concerns and doubts with regard to other type of sources and research procedures.
EN
Archive material of church provenance is stored, among others, in Polish state archives. Large collection of visitations are in state archives in Lublin, Przemyśl and the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw. A large collection of Uniate visitations (Greek Catholic) stored in the State Archive of Lublin is in the fonds of Greek Catholic Consistory of Chełm (1596-1875). The fond includes directives of Uniate Bishops of Chełm on how to conduct visitations, general visitation of the diocese, visitations of deaneries and individual Uniate churches from the Diocese of Chełm (1715-1815, 1869-1870), Włodzimierz (1725-1727, 1757, 1774-1801), [Polish] Połock (1789-1790) and the Deanery of Bóbrka in the Diocese of Lviv from 1764. Historical Archive of the Orthodox and later Greek Catholic Bishopric of Przemyśl from the years 1291-1946 (the fond of the Archive of Greek Catholic Bishopric of Przemyśl) is in the State Archive in Przemyśl. There are visitations of 49 deaneries (1738-1939) and individual Uniate churches (1753-1912) from the Uniate Diocese of Przemyśl. In addition, the State Archive in Przemyśl (the fond of the Seniority of Central Galicia in Brygidau) includes visitation protocols of churches and evangelical schools from the years 1903-1910. Visitations of Roman Catholic churches and monasteries are also stored in the Central Archives of Historical Records (in the fonds of the Central Religious Authorities of Kingdom of Poland). This archive also includes the visitations of the Collegiate of Łęczyca (1810-1811), the monastery of Canons Regular in Warsaw (1767–1816), the general visitation of the Archdiocese of Warsaw (1859-1860) and visitations of the Augustian monasteries in Ciechanów, Kraków, Krasnystaw, Książ Wielki, Lublin, Orchówek, Rawa, Warsaw and Wieluń (1841-1863); and in the fond of the Orthodox Consistory of Warsaw there is a fragment of the visitation of the Orthodox Eparchy of Warsaw from 1908.
EN
The work presents the description of the documents-annexes to the register books connected with the documentation kept by the church offices of the Roman Catholic parishes from Russocice, Wyszyna, Turek, Koło, Brudzew and some others from this part of the diocese of Wrocław; and from the Evangelical-Augsburg parish in Władysławowo. The analysed documents are probably the remnants of the bigger collections which were damaged during the Second World War. These sources can be useful for further research on families, the etymology of names, social background, migration of the inhabitants of Eastern Great Poland. In the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century legislation on this issue said that a priest who was in charge of a parish was obliged to keep register office records. He was the person who was supposed to produce a marriage record before administering the sacrament of marriage. The four discovered sources which came under scrutiny in this article contain the documents of the people from a few nearby parishes who wanted to enter into matrimony. In the above mentioned sources there is information about social background of the couples, their birth and baptism dates, reading of the banns and marriage dates. In addition, these documents carry the municipal and church seals, and revenue stamps in Russian currency. This work also presents the fragments of the documents as sources for analyzing office practice and as encouragement to further research on family formation in this part of Eastern Great Poland.
EN
Records of doctoral proceedings of the Faculty of Historical and Social Studies contained in the archive of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University include not only the opened and completed doctoral proceedings of the faculty but also the records of recognition of doctoral degrees granted by foreign academic institutions. There are in total 89 archived units. There are supplemented by doctoral proceedings, which were opened but not completed for a variety of reasons - 6 units. Together they span the years 1973 to 1999. The complete documentation can be seen in Table 1. The records hare been filed according to their signatures following the rearrangement and cataloguing of the archive. They are therefore filed chronologically. The Table shows the main elements of the doctoral proceedings: - the signed records, - doctorant’s name, - thesis title, - number of pages in each volume of the thesis, - the discipline in which the doctorate was awarded, - the supervisor’s name, - the names of the reviewers, - commencement of the proceedings, - the date of the examination, - the date of the Faculty Board’s decision to award the degree, - the date and number of the doctoral certificate. The information in this article is primarily intended for those researching the history and studies carried out in the faculty.
EN
One of the statutory tasks of the Centre for Church Archives Libraries and Museums is to gather and organise materials of Church provenance. The most valuable materials are microfilmed and digitized in the documentary studio. So far, the most important materials from the below mentioned libraries have been microfilmed in the Centre for Church Archives Libraries and Museums: the Pauline Fathers’ library in Jasna Góra, the Cistercians’ library in Mogilno, the Carmelite Nuns’ library in Crakow, the Poor Clares’ library in Stary Sącz and Crakow, the Visitandines’ library in Crakow, the Benedictine monks’ library in Tyniec and the Benedictine nuns’ library in Przemyśl and Staniątki, the library of Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem in Miechów and the Norbertine Sisters’ library in Imbramowice. The Centre for Church Archives Libraries and Museums also organizes symposia on book collections of the Church. Reports and papers delivered in symposia are printed in a semi-annual magazine „Church Archives Libraries and Museums.” The magazine also contains the catalogues of monastic libraries and monographs on individual libraries.
EN
The specialists researching the Templars history are familiar with the marquis of Albon: his The Cartulary of the Templar Commandery (Cartulaire général de l’Ordre du Temple) issued in 1913 is the basis of all studies on the beginnings of the first chivalric order in history. The less known is The handwritten cartulary, collected by the insatiable of work writer: 71 volumes stored in the French National Library provides an unmatched set of copies from various sources, drafted in the main European archives, starting with the same origin and ending with the trial of the convent. The first part of the article presents an intellectual way and working methods of a researcher, who was above all a noble scholar of his age. His project to prepare a complete set of sources on the Knights Templar is matching perfectly to the excitement caused by the willingness to document, which seized then the researchers across the Europe concerned about their own participation in the great national work. It is additionally mentioned about the method, which presided the realization of the cartulary written by hand, as well as its value for contemporary historian. The second part shows the contribution of the marquis’ of Albon art in relation to the awareness of the history of the Order of Oriental Templars. The published cartulary indeed contains important acts issued by the authorities of the Crusader states, but a large number of them were already issued elsewhere. Drawn up and unpublished copies collected in the volume 59 of this issue appear to be even more valuable for the historian. One can find here especially agreements between the Templars and the Hospitallers, diplomas issued by Christian principalities of the East, as well as very useful series of correspondence. While significant number of the copies concerning the East is already present in various publications, then the huge edition by marquis of Albon did not reveal all of the secrets and could serve as a basis for future publishing ventures, which are the sources regarding Knights Templar.
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