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EN
The following paper is devoted to the message contained within the founding document of the abbey of the Order of Cistercians in Ląd. This document has been preserved in several different versions. They vary not only in the message contained within (the alleged original and copies) but also in their contents as well as orthography. Recent research has assumed that the oldest and probably authentic document is the so-called “egzemplarz włocławski”[Włocławek copy]. It is the poorest one content-wise. However, an analysis of the spelling of proper names as well as of place names indicates that it could not have been created in this form in the 12th century. Moreover, an analysis of the transmissions of all the known contents of the founding document of the abbey in Ląd leads to similar conclusions.  
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony przekazowi dokumentu fundacyjnego klasztoru cystersów w Lądzie. Dokument ten zachował się w kilku wersjach, które różnią się między sobą zarówno przekazem (rzekomy oryginał, kopie), jak i treścią oraz ortografią. Ostatnie badania przyjmowały, że najstarszym i pewnie autentycznym dokumentem jest tzw. egzemplarz włocławski, najuboższy w treść. Jednak analiza pisowni nazw osobowych, a także miejscowych wskazuje, że w formie, w jakiej go znamy, nie mógł powstać w XII w. Do podobnych konstatacji wiedzie również analiza transmisji wszystkich znanych przekazów dokumetu fundacyjnego opactwa w Lądzie.
EN
It is very difficult to give a precise number of charters of foundation and charters with endowment clauses or to offer an exhaustive list of charters of donation. In the first part of the paper I present how and in which forms the primary sources concerning the mendicant orders were preserved. Some orders were particularly lucky to have their own archives, others were not, their charters were dispersed among several different –mainly familiar– archives both in Hungary and all over the world. In the second part I analyse the different forms of charters, e. g. charters of foundation and charters of donation. By thematisng them I try to define the main forms of donation (lands, buildings, rents, peages, immunities, precious objects, etc.) including another special feature, the distinction between the direct and indirect donations.
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