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Vox Patrum
|
2000
|
vol. 38
449-456
EN
Die Donatisten gingen aus der Verfolgung in der Zeit Diokletians ais Kirche der Martyrer. Als sie in der Zeit des Konstantins und der Nachfolger weiter verfolgt wurden, blieben die innerkirchlichen Unionsbestregungen erfolglos. Die donatistische Theologen haben sich auf die afrikanische Tradition von Tertullian und Cyprian berufen, auch wenn es um die Taufe und die Kirchenzugehórigkeit einging. Die theologische Abwertung des Martyrium in der donatistische Kirche Snden wir in beruhmten Satz des Augustinus: „martyrem non facit poena sed causa". Augustinus hat damit auch den Prinzip der afrikanischen Theologie angenommen: „extra ecclesiam nulla salus sc. Nullum martyrium" entsprechend „causa mała" non fecit martyrem.
EN
The paper aims at showing the continuity of the methods and motivations of the religious persecutions in Roman North Africa between IV and VII century. Different examples are briefly analysed: anti-Christian persecutions of the first centuries, the struggle between the Catholics and the Donatists, the persecution of the Catholics by the Vandals and the religious coercion exercised against Jews and dissidents under Byzantine dominion. The continuity can be found not only in the means employed by the oppressors and their justification, but also in the descrip­tion of the situation produced by the victims.
EN
Sermo 46 of St. Augustine’s, offered for meditation in the 24th and 25th week of the Liturgy of the Hours, is entitled De pastoribus. The scriptural basis is constituted by the reading of Ez 34 : 1–16 where the prophet criticizes the shepherds of Israel who feed themselves and not their sheep, and announced the Lord’s promise to feed his people himself. Augustine, by using an actualizing, allegorical exegesis, develops his homily to describe a true Christian shepherd distinct from a mercenary. The latter only searches for his own interest and honour, symbolized by the sheep’s milk and wool. His selfish attitude causes damage: the strong sheep become weak, then sick and in the end are lost. For Augustine the scattering of the sheep signifies approaching heretic and schismatic groups. The bishop of Hippo disputes especially with the donatists. He emphasizes that Christ is the foundation of our salvation, the only Good Shepherd whose sheepfold is the Catholic Church throughout the world. The shepherds are good when they belong to that sheepfold, and following Christ they accomplish their mission to feed the sheep. The meaning of priesthood is indeed to serve God’s people by proclaiming the Word, distributing the Sacraments and promoting unity. The priest accomplishes Christ’s work and not his own. Therefore his responsibility is immense, since it deals with the eternal life to which God will welcome all those who faithfully served him.
PL
Sermo 46 of St. Augustine’s, offered for meditation in the 24th and 25th week of the Liturgy of the Hours, is entitled De pastoribus. The scriptural basis is constituted by the reading of Ez 34 : 1–16 where the prophet criticizes the shepherds of Israel who feed themselves and not their sheep, and announced the Lord’s promise to feed his people himself. Augustine, by using an actualizing, allegorical exegesis, develops his homily to describe a true Christian shepherd distinct from a mercenary. The latter only searches for his own interest and honour, symbolized by the sheep’s milk and wool. His selfish attitude causes damage: the strong sheep become weak, then sick and in the end are lost. For Augustine the scattering of the sheep signifies approaching heretic and schismatic groups. The bishop of Hippo disputes especially with the donatists. He emphasizes that Christ is the foundation of our salvation, the only Good Shepherd whose sheepfold is the Catholic Church throughout the world. The shepherds are good when they belong to that sheepfold, and following Christ they accomplish their mission to feed the sheep. The meaning of priesthood is indeed to serve God’s people by proclaiming the Word, distributing the Sacraments and promoting unity. The priest accomplishes Christ’s work and not his own. Therefore his responsibility is immense, since it deals with the eternal life to which God will welcome all those who faithfully served him.
Vox Patrum
|
2006
|
vol. 49
755-766
IT
Uno dei piu grandi temi che Agostino discussi con i donatisti fu il tema del battesimo. I donatisti difendevano la loro pratica di ribattezzare quelli che passavano nella loro file fondandosi sull’autorita di Cipriano. Dal loro punto di vista solo la „Chiesa dei santi” ha il potere di battezzare. Secondo Agostino occorre distinguere il sacramento in se stesso, che e sempre Santo, perche e di Christo, dagli effetti del Sacramento, che sono la remissione dei peccati e il dono dello Spirito Santo. Questi effetti non si verificano se non c’e una vera conversione del cuore e se non si vive nella „communio sanctorum” che e la Chiesa. Nell’articolo viene sviluppato la dimensione cristologica ed ecclesiale del sacramento del battesimo secondo Agostino.
Vox Patrum
|
2000
|
vol. 38
427-448
FR
Constantin, au cours du conflit entre Cecilien, l'eveque de Carthage, et les donatistes est toujours reste trees critique envers ces derniers. Il a pris parti pour l'eveque et ses allies de 313 jusqu'a la fin de son regne.
EN
The Council convened by emperor Constantine the Great to Nicea in the year 325 still arouses keen interest of researchers around the world. Against the back­ground of international scholarship, the achievements of Polish academics look quite modest. That is why one should especially appreciate the publication of a book (written in Polish) on the subject by Henryk Pietras, an acclaimed Polish patrologist. The monograph is noteworthy for a number of reasons and compels the reader to a thorough reflection on a cornucopia of facts that have been already discussed by numerous academics and subject to manifold interpretations. Its spe­cial merit lies first and foremost in an erudite analysis of sources conducted by the Author, which is competent enough to exhort all the interested to (at least) re-think their views. It is necessary to admit that the Academic is right, when he argues that the Council (firstly convened to Ancyra, and subsequently to Nicea) was not organized for the reason of discussing the Arian controversy. In reality, it seems that the primary reason for the meeting was the Donatist schism, which the Patrologist underestimated, and additionally the problem of reaching an agree­ment on a date of the Passover celebration. Certainly, the Council was not of an anti-Arian nature, but Arius was condemned by the ecclesiastic meeting as the one who rejected a laboriously reached compromise as for the form of the credo and renounced the term homoousios.
EN
The article presents the circumstances of the Council of Nicaea. There was a tradition to compose symbols of the faith (symbola fidei), and to organize syn­ods. The Council of Nicaea was convoked by Emperor Constantine in cooperation with Pope Silvestre. After the victory on Licinius, Constantine wanted to arrange public and religious matters of the Empire. He was not a Christian but he was friendly to Christianity as a religion which he considered to be profitable for the Empire. He possessed the title of Pontifex maximus which authorized him to in­tervene not only in pagan cults, but also in ecclesiastical affaires. In spite of that, there were three main conflicts in that time: the date of the Passover, Donatism and Arianism. Donatism was a schism born in Latin Africa having a national background; it was a movement of the local population against the Roman admin­istration. Arianism, born in Greek Africa, was inspired by philosophy, especially by Neo-Platonism. Constantine was welcomed by the Pope and other bishops be­cause his actions were useful for the Church. People were waiting for the Council of Nicaea with hope.
PL
Przekład z języka łacińskiego znajdujących się w zbiorze korespondencji św. Augustyna dwu listów: 128 i 129 na język polski opatrzony przypisami i wstępem. 
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