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Dzieje budowlane drewnianej unickiej cerkwi w Hannie (na podstawie prac konserwatorskich w latach 1976-1980)

100%

Brykowski R.

Ochrona Zabytków

1987

issue 4

269-277

In the years 1976-1980 a wooden orthodox church in Hanna was subjected to extensive conservation work which made it possible to study more thoroughly the building history of the monument. Until 1976 the church was believed to have been built about 1739—1742 on the Radziwiłł foundation. At ca mid-18th century interior walls of the presbytery, aisle and chapel were to be covered entirely by polychromy painted on canvas. Conservation work was commenced by taking down painted canvases and these were given conservation treatment as well. After uncovering the internal and external framework of the walls it turned out that the temple had originally been bipartite, i.e. it consisted of a presbytery and nave, both of them lower than the present one (a clear and regular borderline was discovered there; it divided present walls into two parts differing in the colour of wood and shape of beams; pockets left by ceiling beams and former windows in the presbytery at the same height and of the same shape as the windows in the nave were also revealed). Thus, two architectural phases of the present church in Hanna were disclosed but it was impossible to establish what the temple mass had looked like in the first stage. An examination of the monument and an analysis of archive materials and historical data yielded the following information: between 1739 and 1742 a new wooden orthodox church was built in Hanna on the orders of the Radziwills and it consisted of a presbytery and nave; it is assumed that at that time it had a ridge roof with one apex for both the presbytery and the nave (indicated by the identical height of the walls), probably topped with an ave-bell. In 1750 Hieronim Radziwiłł endowed the church again and that was probably connected with the fact that a parish had been established there anew. Before 1775 a chapel with a roof "drawn into a small cupola” was built on the north side (the roof is now different). Prior to the consecration of the church in 1791 the temple had been expanded and this consisted in raising the walls of the presbytery and nave, adding a church porch, putting new roofs and ave-bell towers, building a vestry, treasury and porch on the south side. New painted canvases were hung on the walls of the presbytery and the chapel covering both stages of the building visible in its structure. The present belfry was erected at that time. On 10 May 1971 a newly renovated church was consecrated by the Chelmsko-Belzec bishop Porfiry Skarbek Wyzynski. In 1810 a new shingle roof was made. In 1874 the building was found to be in a bad condition. The information from 1851 reported a bad condition of roofs and timbering; the interior was renovated including painted canvases; fret saws were put. The interior of the chapel was renovated in 1859 and in the process a new coat of painted canvas was put on. Towards the end of the 19th century the entire church was restored and probably then its walls were planked ("in the Russian style” ) with horizontally arranged boards substituting the former shingle. Repair work carried out in 1954—1959 and in 1967 partially obliterated the original character of the monuments. Efforts of the parish priest, Father Marian Pyrka, resulted in conservation work done in 1976—1980, but due to his transfer to a new parish the work was not completed (e.g. only some paintings returned to the church, no conservation work has been done in the belfry). A rich architectural history of the orthodox church in Hanna makes it an interesting link in the studies on the history of the architecture of wooden orthodox churches in the former part of Rzeczypospolita (especially in the Byelorussian territories of the Duchy of Lithuania). With regard to its spatial mass and interior's furnishing, the church in Hanna is a representative of the local trend of a latinized temple of the Catholic Eastern Church.

W sprawie zabytkowej drewnianej architektury cerkiewnej powiatu Tomaszów Lubelski

86%

Brykowski R.

Ochrona Zabytków

1972

issue 4

276-285

This article was prepared as a result of field surveys carried out in the years 1970—1971 as a part of work on documentation of the wood sacred buildings which is conducted by the Institute of Art of the Polish Academy of Sciences and is supplemented by data taken from the “Catalogue of Monuments of Art in Poland” which were collected in 1954—1955. The author points to the deplorable state of preservation of the orthodox churches in territories of the Lublin and Rzeszów Voivodships. These objects, already considerably damaged by natural wear and entirely deprived of protection are very fastly turning into ruins. It may be expected that within a relatively short period of time, unless suitable measures will be taken, it will come to a total disappearing of objects belonging to this category of wood-constructed buildings. The data characterizing the number of orthodox churches in the first post-war years, when confronted with those pertaining to the actual state are best illustrating this disastrous situation. As an excellent annex to the article may be regarded the attached “Description of the wood-constructed orthodox churches and belfries that are endangered or have been demolished in Tomaszów Lubelski District”. In his attempt to find an answer to the question what should be done to stop the disappearance of the wood-constructed sacred buildings in this country the author puts forward a proposal that the most representative objects should be transferred to open-air museums of wood building. In addition, he is of opinion that the problem deserves to be popularized among both local authorities and communities. One form of their protection and preservation could consist in their adaptation to modern requirements or their overhanding to administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of schools etc. For objects whose preserving has already become impossible should be prepared a full documentation in form of inventorying surveys, drawings and photographs, thus allowing to obtain the only means forming an evidence of their existence. Such measures, however, are to be considered as the last extremity. It must be borne in mind that every historical monument being a specimen of cultural property and a witness of the past periods of the Polish culture should be preserved at any cost for the forthcoming generations.

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

2 Brykowski R.

1 1987

1 1972

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Dzieje budowlane drewnianej unickiej cerkwi w Hannie (na podstawie prac konserwatorskich w latach 1976-1980)

W sprawie zabytkowej drewnianej architektury cerkiewnej powiatu Tomaszów Lubelski