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PL
Celem pracy jest ocena zróżnicowania struktury agrarnej województw w ujęciu dynamicznym w latach 1996–2008. Obliczenia przeprowadzono na podstawie danych statystycznych GUS – liczby i powierzchni gospodarstw rolnych według grup obszarowych dla poszczególnych województw. Korzystając z metody klasyfikacji rozmytej, dokonano grupowania województw pod względem podobieństwa struktury agrarnej dla danych z lat: 1996, 2002, 2008. W wyniku grupowania dla każdego roku otrzymano cztery grupy o takim samym składzie. Grupę I tworzą województwa: małopolskie, śląskie i podkarpackie. Występuje tu największe rozdrobnienie struktury agrarnej. W 2008 roku w województwach tej grupy średnio 82,7% gospodarstw ma powierzchnię 1–5 ha, 14,4% to gospodarstwa o powierzchni 5–10 ha. Pozostałe gospodarstwa stanowią znikomy odsetek: 10–20 ha – 3,3%, 20–50 ha – 1,1%, powyżej 50 ha – 0,3%. Do grupy II należą województwa: łódzkie, mazowieckie i lubelskie, gdzie wskaźniki struktury kształtują się odpowiednio na poziomie: 51,5%, 29,2%, 14%, 4,2% i 0,5%. Najmniej rozdrobniona struktura występuje w województwach grupy III: podlaskim, kujawsko-pomorskim, pomorskim, warmińsko-mazurskim i wielkopolskim. Średni rozkład struktury jest tu najbardziej równomierny: 35,5%, 23%, 25,2%, 13,3% i 3,1%. Grupę IV tworzą województwa: lubuskie, dolnośląskie i opolskie. Średnie wskaźniki struktury przyjmują odpowiednio wartości: 57%, 19,9%, 12,5%, 7,3% i 3,2%. Przeprowadzona analiza dynamiki wykazała, że badana struktura zmienia się w tym samym kierunku i tempie w województwach należących do tej samej grupy typologicznej. Dotyczy to zarówno zmian wskaźników struktury, jak i dynamiki liczebności klas obszarowych.
EN
The aim of the paper is to assess diversification dynamics of the agrarian structure of voivodeships in years 1996-2008. The calculations were made on the basis of statistical data obtained from the Central Statistical Office—the number and area of farms have been grouped by voivodeships. With the use of a fuzzy classification method, voivodeships have been divided into groups of similar agrarian structures according to data of 1996, 2002 and 2008. As a result, 4 groups comprising the same voivodeships in each year have been distinguished. Group I con- sists of Małopolskie, Śląskie and Podkarpackie voivodeships. It is characterized by the highest degree of fragmentation of the agrarian structure. In 2008 around 82% of farms had the area of 1-5 hectares, while 14.4% of them had the area of 5-10 hectares. The remaining farms repre- sent a very small proportion: 10-20 hectares—3.3%, 20-50 hectares—1.1%, more than 50 hec¬tares—0.3%. Group II consists of Łódzkie, Mazowieckie and Lubelskie voivodeships, where structure indices are as follows: 51.5%, 29.2%, 14%, 4.2% and 0.5%. The lowest degree of fragmentation is observed in group III, comprising Podlaskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Pomorskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie and Wielkopolskie voivodeships. The average structure is more regular in this group: 35.5%, 23%, 25.2%, 13.3% and 3.1%. Group IV consists of Lubuskie, Dolnośląskie and Opolskie voivodeships and average structure indices are as follows: 57%, 19.9%, 12.5%, 7.3% and 3.2%. The analysis of dynamics shows that the investigated structure changes in the same direction and at the same rate in voivodeships from the same typological group, both in respect of changes of structure indices and in respect of the number dynamics of area classes.
EN
The paper presents the estimation of trends describing the level of renewable energy resources in Poland and in EU-28 countries within the years 2004–2012. The process of the increase of the percentage of renewable energy in total production of energy was also presented. Comparative statistical analysis was carried out within the dynamics of the phenomena discussed in the paper with respect both to Poland and EU countries. It follows from the investigation that both in Poland and in the EU countries the increase in renewable energy resources has been observed. However, the rate of the increase of the level of renewable energy in Poland is not enough to catch up with the leading EU countries in near future.
EN
The article presents an analysis of the dynamics of changes on the grounds of the deterministic chaos theory. In studying the dynamics of organization changes as ordered systems of deterministic dependencies certain phenomena may appear that are difficult to predict, which cause chaotic behavior of the system. The behavior results from a non-linear mechanism of functional and organizational ties. Non-linearity of the ties generates a high sensibility of the organization to changes, and in consequence a deterministic chaos.
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