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Ekogawędy Simony Kossak

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This article discusses the life and work of Simona Kossak, a writer and professor of forestry. Her life work aimed at awakening in her readers and listeners sensitivity and compassion towards animals and natural surroundings. The author examines Kossak’s radio talks which she proposes to name “eco-tales”.
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The interpretation of Vasyl′ Tkachuk’s stories from an ecocritical point of view showcases new aspects of understanding the prose legacy of this remarkable writer. Of course, the true love for the Hutsul region, one that the “proud” Hutsul people live in harmony with, one that, unlike in the works of Vasyl′ Stefanyk, is not only the cause of the Hutsul people’s extreme poverty but is sincerely loved and praised by them, is not the only merit of Tkachuk’s stories. Ecocritical dimensions of the “humble rural pictures, so touching to the core” ( Mykhaylo Rudnytskyi ) imply certain aspects of the critical literary analysis of Tkachuk’snovels, such as ethno national identity of the author and his characters, unbreakable unitywith the traditions of ancestors, apotheosis of the soil-one that not only feeds but is also responsible for the unique “national spirit” of the Carpathian highlanders, ecological awareness of the old Hutsul people and the philosophical layer of the literary legacy of the author.
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This article is a review of the book titled Green Architecture by James Wines. The reflection of an American architect is an inspiration to consider how to create a living environment in harmony with nature. On the one hand, the author of this text tries to examine several examples of interaction between architecture, ecology and philosophy. On the other hand, she tries to respond to Wines’s ideas and to point out some questionable aspects of his project.
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What this article attempts to gauge are the possibilities stemming from combining two methodologies: masculinity studies (as a part of gender studies) and ecocriticism/environmental studies. The material for the analysis is the novel by Sergei Lebedev, Oblivion. The author of the article reconstructs the hegemonic pattern of male initiation present in the novel and related with post-communist inheritance of Grandfather II, one of the novel’s characters. Overcoming the imposed pattern of masculinity (authoritative, totalitarian) takes a form of journey into subarctic Russia and seeking the traces of gulag camps. Climate-related factors play a significant role in this process: motifs of Purga, of permafrost, and endemic plant species of Ural and Syberia.
Ikonotheka
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2020
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vol. 30
155-171
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The text offers an analysis of selected works by Władysław Hasior from an ecocritical perspective. The focus is placed on Hasior’s best-known work, The Organ, as well as on several parts of his Photo Notebook. The analysis seeks to demonstrate that an application of an ecocritical perspective to the reading of Hasior’s work may help fill in the blanks in the environmental history of art in Poland. Several recent publications and exhibitions that concern the relationship between art and nature focus on uncovering the “prehistory” of ecological art in Poland or the local tradition of Land Art. The text is meant as a preliminary study of possible research perspectives that the proposed reading may open up, as well as a consideration of whether ecocriticism could serve as an opportunity to bring the tenets of horizontal art history into the practice of rereading the work of Polish artists and their relationship with the landscape.
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Drawing from ecocritical perspective and broader post-humanist framework, the author interprets Svetlana Alexievich’s book, Chernobyl Prayer. Both the analysis of recorded oral stories and narrative strategies of selection, composition and style invite post-humanist approach. At the same time, the stories of Chernobyl nuclear disaster and the ensuing ecocide denounce anthropocentric humanism.
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The Decameron 2020 started in Croatia as an online literary event in the time of the first quarantine caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and resulted in an e-book of fifty-two selected short stories. Its initiators and editors, Ana Cerovac, Vesna Kurilić and Antonija Mežnarić, recognized the peculiarity of the experience of living in the end times, as well as the potential for comparison of the e-book with Boccaccio’s classic, and set up an online space where authors from Croatia and the region could ( re )create or transform their experiences, or reflect upon them. This paper focuses on four stories from the collection in which nature is givenspecial significance: Algernonova osveta (Algernon’s Revenge) by Nataša Milić, Zaražena (Infected) bySunčica Mamula, Redukcije(Reductions) byAnaKutleša and 2030 byRadmila Rakas. It investigates the range of feelings and attitudes towardsnature in the time of pandemic and quarantine, as reflected in these four stories.
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The article discusses the topic of poetry, poetic language and mimesis in the context of ecocritical and ecopoetic approach to the study of literature. The first part presents and discusses significant theoretical and critical insights regarding the relationship between poetic language and the environment-from ecophenomenology to insights influenced bypoststructuralism. Based on these more general observations, the second part provides an interpretation of poetry by contemporary Croatian poet Slađan Lipovec, whose poetry features prominently the themes of the natural environment.
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Based on comparative research on ecocriticism and geopoetics ( Kenneth White) as two theoretical discourses concerning the relationship between literature and environment, the aim of this paper is to explore the connection between literary landscapes and their psychological foundation. Ecocriticism, as a dynamic, complex, and sometimes inconsistent system of thinking about nature and literature, can be enriched byWhite’s geopoetics, which has not only a theoretical but also an important practical dimension. A question of landscape in art is viewed, through these theoretical positions, as one of the crucial moments for personal and collective human self-identification in environment.
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This paper outlines the main reading strategies of ecocriticism. Its main theoretical interest lies not in the pure extraction of literary motifs of Nature, but in the deconstruction of the diversity between Nature and Culture, representing Nature as the postmodern significant “Other” relating to contemporary environmental problems and thus exposing literary approaches in the past ( includingpostmodernism ) as anthropocentric. The main part of this paper focuses on the example of the application of ecocritical strategies in Đuro Sudeta’s modernist and impressionistic novella Mor, which leads to the suggestion of reforming conventional readings in traditional literary history.
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The article focuses on Maja Lunde’s “climate quartet,” read from the perspective of post-speciesist theory and new materialism. Apart from dealing with climate change and dystopian futures, Lunde’s fiction also tackles the poetics and politics of the non-human (be it non-human animals or the non-human environment), which is no longer perceived as inherently submissive and dependent on the human, but possesses a life of its own. In new materialism’s terms, non-human (organic/inorganic, animate/inanimate) bodies are self-generative and self-sufficient, able to affect and influence other bodies.
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This article discusses the motif of memory which can be noticed in Vyazemsky’s late poetry: poems written in the 1850s, 1860s and 1870s. Peter Vyazemsky was a poet, literary critic, and letter writer appreciated for his talent not only in Russia but also in Poland. In his late poetry Vyazemsky recalls his close friends, his beloved mother as well as places he visited during journeys abroad. The poet presents his thoughts about his own life, ancestors, and human life in general. The poems are strongly influenced by the ideas of Romanticism.
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Drawing from the analogous “herstory”, the article uses the term ‘herbstory” to read Simona Kossak’s book of herbs Opowiadania o ziołach i zwierzętach. Zgodnie z naturą swojego gatunku. The nature narratives are analyzed as examples of “rescue history” and environmental writing.
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This article discusses the novel Parable of the Sower (1993) by the African American futuristic writer Octavia Estelle Butler. Its analysis focuses on two main aspects of the novel: the Earthseed religion, which the main character Olamina creates in response to an eco-apocalypse, and the hyperempathy syndrome, which allows her to share pain and pleasure with living beings, including animals. These aspects are further assessed mainly from ecocritical and ecofeminist perspectives: Olamina’s perception of both living and inanimate nature are examined, as well as the the degree of sustainability of Olamina’s solution to the crisis proposed in her diary.
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The article, which is a part of the author’s B.A. thesis, analyzes the Island by Aleksandra Wasilkowska, a scenic object used in Krzysztof Garbaczewski’s famous performance The Sexual Life of Savages. The author juxtaposes the design of the Island and its impact with Timothy Morton’s theory of hyperobjects, focusing his reflections on the possibility of an ecocritical reading of the play. In doing so, he tries to answer the question whether The Sexual Life of Savages, contrary to the reviewers’ interpretations and the creators’ declarations, can be seen in retrospect as a project anticipating the ecological tendencies evident in the latest Polish theatre.
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The article presents a consideration of the space of nature in the work Drive Your Plough Over the Bones of the Dead by Olga Tokarczuk. The variously treated and read space, in which the main character of the book functions, becomes a contribution to reflection on the place of nature in the human environment. Nature understood as the place of plant and animal life, nature as part of the cosmic universe, as well as the myth of Nature. The article also shows how Olga Tokarczuk’s book fits into environmental criticism.
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The author aims at presenting examples of literary descriptions of Odra flooding (especially in the context of the most recent in 1997 and 2010) and the river regions in the perspective of aquacriticism. This approach belongs to a wider concept of ecocriticism which perceives the river as a key part of environment. The question being posed is what kind of influence can be traced in literary texts representing floods and how does literature influence perception of aquatic catastrophes such as floods. Since flood belongs to the catastrophe discourse, it blurs anthropocentric knowledge on rivers and indicates aquacentric modes of recognition. The ecoparadigmatic role of Odra is indicated by Silesian authors (in the collection Wie die Oder rauscht ) and writers biographically connected with the river (Tokarczuk). The environmental function of the river can be better acknowledged through literary fiction that “gives voice to the river”.
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The article is an attempt to apply the theoretical and analytical tools derived from ecocriticism and the environmental studies, in the analyses of the literature of the Holocaust. The author proposes a thesis that a full recognition of the role of non-human factors (non-humans), such as nature, landscape, climate, plants and animals became only possible after the anthropocentric paradigm in the humanities have been overcome and a new, supra-species kind of “agency”-elaborated from the theory of Brunon Latour-became widespread. The principal part of the essay contains the analyses of the role of landscape, organic and inorganic nature in the autobiographical prose of Piotr Rawicz, Henryk Grynberg and Wilhelm Dichter. In all of the studied writings nature assumes the function of an ethical subject and additionally the role of anti-historical narration.
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The article discusses Gombrowicz’s declared “anti-naturalism”, which is often seen as a gesture of negating the non-human world as boring and unworthy of interacting with. Nevertheless, this seemingly radical anthropocentrism does not imply absolute indifference. On the contrary, human anti-naturalness, as emphasized in the work of Gombrowicz, is considered arbitrary, founded on logocentrism and influential interpersonal doctrines. It may therefore be a tragic experience – depriving of a sense of belonging, but also deflating self-confidence, which is grounded in the belief in nature’s otherness. Gombrowicz’s “anti-naturalism”, crucial for the experience of modernity, relates to the problem of definition. The aversion to the non-human is, in fact, the fear of recognising one’s own non-identity; the angst caused by blurring the boundaries that used to arrange the world. It also leads to ignorance, cruelty and a state of “blissful unawareness” on the issues of animal others. In this respect, the writer’s remarks can be very inspiring for ecocritical thought. Gombrowicz once again reminds the reader of the necessity to stop conceiving “Human” as stable, homogenic and self-assured identity and for that reason, collaboration between ecocriticism and posthumanist critical approaches seems unavoidable.
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The paper deals with the topic of ecologically oriented poetry of Krystyna Miłobędzka as a vital tradition for 21st-century Polish ecopoets. The author tries to trace the changes in the poetic canon after 1990 and shows the increasing interest in Miłobędzka’s poetry among modern poets. By analyzing mainly meta-poetic texts, the paper contrasts Miłobędzka’s posthumanistic, “event-driven” way of writing with the humanistic lyrical subject of Wisława Szymborska’s poetry. The author presents the former as more influential and more productive for modern, ecopoetic styles, including elements such as: waking the awareness, organic perspective of language, an egalitarian way of life and thinking about relations in categories of space and adhesion rather than domination.
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