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Impact of Crisis on the Contemporary Issues in Economic Regulation of Airports

100%
Novák Sedlácková A.
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
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2011
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vol. 6
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issue 1
EN
This paper is about impact of crisis on the contemporary issues in economic reg­ulation of airport charges and implementation of EUDirective in the Slovak Republic. The problems of creation and application of European legislation started just before crisis and the most important regulation formulas have been created during the crisis.
2
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The Legal Status of the Energy Regulator in Ukraine in the Context of Recent Legislative Changes and European Integration

100%
Vashchenko Y.
Studia Iuridica
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2017
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vol. 71
265-274
EN
The energy sector is a strategic industry of each state. Energy industry is one of the most important regulated fields at the EU level and a crucial direction of cooperation between the EU and Ukraine. EU legislation, primarily directives and regulations from the Third Energy Package, prescribe requirements in respect of the legal status of national regulatory authorities in the fields of energy and natural gas. Ukraine, as a full-fledged member of the Energy Community, as well as in line with the EU‒Ukraine Association Agreement, shall institute laws and regulations necessary for the implementation of those requirements. In particular, EU legislation stipulates requirements with regard to the independence of national regulatory authorities from other state authorities during the exercise of their regulatory powers. In recent years, Ukrainian public authorities have undertaken steps to develop and approve a legal framework in order to implement the requirements of EU energy legislation, in particular those related to the legal status of national regulatory authorities. The approval of the Law of Ukraine on the National Energy and Communal Services Regulatory Commission in 2016 was one of the critical achievements in this direction. However, the new Law has not solved the problem of the constitutional legal status of the energy regulator. The Constitution of Ukraine’s provisions specifying the powers of the President of Ukraine and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine as against permanent independent regulatory authorities (e.g., pertaining to the establishment, appointment and dismissal of members, accountability) shall be amended in order to bolster the principle of independence of national regulatory authorities in the energy sector as prescribed by EU legislation.
3
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Liberalization without a Regulator. The Rail Freight Transport Market in Poland in the Years 1996-2009

100%
Król M.
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
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2010
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vol. 3(3)
165-178
EN
This article focuses on the liberalization process of the railway freight transport market in Poland between 1997 and 2009. It shows that the increase in traffic and the fall in prices that occurred in this period took place not because of ‘effective regulation’ but despite its absence. This can indicate that introducing competition in railway freight transport could be profitable where there is significant demand for bulk and containers freight services and the railway infrastructure is well-developed.
FR
L’article se concentre sur le processus de libéralisation du marche de transport ferroviaire de fret en Pologne dans les années 1997-2009. Il montre que l’augmentation du trafic et la baisse des prix dans cette période, n’ont pas eu lieu à cause de la “régulation efficace”, mais malgré son absence. Cela peut indiquer que l’introduction de la concurrence dans le transport ferroviaire de fret pourra être profitable s’il y a de la demande pour les services du trafic en vrac et par conteneur et si l’infrastructure ferroviaire est bien-developpée.
4
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Regulacja – wartości – ramy instytucjonalne

88%
Borkowska B.
Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu
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2013
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issue 4 (25)
197-209
EN
On the basis of political economy many authors formulate the claim that the wide and growing range of state regulation is characteristic for the contemporary market economy. This raises the question about the reasons for the development of a “regulatory state”. The answers, formulated in the literature, are that economic and social values are important in the formation of the state regulation being for and against it. However, the question arises what determines which values will be considered as a priority, and consequently will determine the implementation of a certain regulation .The purpose of this article is a reflection on the relationships between regulation, economic and social values and institutional framework, in particular the constitution. The first part of the paper discusses two approaches to regulation: positive and normative. The positive conceptions of regulation assume that regulation is a commodity, and its scope is influenced by the demand for regulation notified by interest groups and the supply offered by politicians. However, the question of how to shape the equilibrium in a “market of regulation”, the positive theory of regulation formulates different responses indicating both the possibility of capturing the regulation by narrow interest groups and the formation of equilibrium that benefits consumers and minimize dead-weight welfare loss. This ambiguity of prediction in a positive theory of regulation causes that normative concepts are gaining importance .In these concepts, it is assumed that the market fails, not only in achieving an efficient allocation of social resources but also in the implementation of other, non-economic, social objectives. This leads to the distinction between economic regulation and social regulation and raises the question of the possibility of implementation by regulation such different values as economic efficiency, equality and justice. This issue is explored in the next section, which discusses the concept of the relationship between economic and social regulation in the context of the values proposed by E. Windholz and G. Hodge. According to the authors, this relationship can be formed in two ways: 1) social adjustment may be an element of economic regulation and then the economic values such as efficiency, competition, innovation will have superior nature; 2) by means of regulations socially desirable goals are accomplished and then justice, equality, social solidarity are first-class values, but economic values become secondary. The article casts doubt that in the regulation process we are dealing only with the hierarchy of values in which either economic or social values are superior. At the same time the author points to the possibility of the formation of the relationship between economic and social regulation in a way treating certain economic and social values equally. This issue is discussed in the next section of the paper, in which there is formulated and justified a hypothesis that institutional frameworks, especially the constitution, are important in the formation of regulatory governance,. The scope of the guaranteed rights and freedoms legitimizes the scope of government regulation and provides arguments to interest groups for the introduction of new regulatory arrangements, which are beneficial for the group.
5
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Benefits and Costs of Vertical Separation in Network Industries. The Case of Railway Transport in the European Environment

75%
Król M.
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
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2009
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vol. 2(2)
170-191
EN
The article is devoted to a phenomenon called vertical separation in the area of network industries. Vertical separation is understood as de-merging of infrastructure and delegating control over it to independent manager banned from operating on downstream markets which are subject to liberalisation. Arguments for and against these tendencies have been examined using the example of the European railway transport. The complete analysis presents vertical separation as a promising solution for the railway industry. One of the conditions for the success of this reform is forming of a close cooperative relationship, based on loyalty and trust, between the infrastructure manager and its clients – rail operators. Building such a relationship should be supported by the implemented regulatory policy.
6
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Review of market mechanism features of innovation support in agriculture industry in more
 economically developed countries: strategies for Russian Federation

63%
Sandu I. S., Ryzhenkova N. E.
Współczesna Gospodarka
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2015
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vol. 6
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issue 1
13-18
PL
W artykule przedstawiono przykłady wykorzystania mechanizmu rynkowego do wdrażania innowacji w rolnictwie w oparciu o doświadczenia krajów z rozwiniętą gospodarką. Omówiono metody zachęcające przedsiębiorstwa do prowadzenia działalności innowacyjnej. Przeanalizowano wpływ rządu na działalność innowacyjną przedsiębiorstw a także umorzeń podatkowych dla podmiotów zaangażowanych w badania i rozwój w sferze rolnictwa na przykładzie państw bardziej rozwiniętych ekonomicznie. Korzystając z wieloletniego doświadczenia tych państw, Federacja Rosyjska może znacząco przyspieszyć procesy innowacyjne w rolnictwie. Celem artykułu jest zaproponowanie sposobu przyspieszenia procesu wdrażania innowacji w rolnictwie Rosji.
EN
The article shows examples of market mechanism application of innovations implementation based on the experience of the countries with advanced economies. The analysis is based on the agriculture industry. In the article innovation activity encouragement methods are presented. Government’s influence on the companies’ innovation activity is analyzed as well as tax remissions of the companies involved in agriculture R&D in a series of advanced countries. By using this long-term overseas experience Russian Federation can greatly benefit to speed up its innovation processes in rural economy. The article’s aim is to suggest the way to speed up innovation process.
7
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Problemy unifikacji prawa międzynarodowego transportu lotniczego

51%
Żylicz M.
internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny
|
2016
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vol. 5
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issue 2
8-14
PL
Artykuł wskazuje, że historyczny rozwój stosunków międzynarodowych w lotnictwie doprowadził do wykształcenia złożonej struktury międzynarodowej regulacji ekonomicznej. Reżim ten składa się z umów wielostronnych oraz tysięcy umów bilateralnych i nie gwarantuje globalnej jednolitości prawa rządzącego rynkiem transportu lotniczego. Dotychczas światowe ujednolicenie międzynarodowego prawa lotniczego objęło głównie sferę bezpieczeństwa żeglugi powietrznej, a jedynie w bardzo niewielkim stopniu dotyczyło działalności gospodarczej i konkurencji. Istnieje wiele czynników kształtujących politykę lotniczą poszczególnych państw. Dlatego, podobnie jak w innych sferach międzynarodowych stosunków gospodarczych, podstawową trudnością w stworzeniu systemu globalnej regulacji ekonomicznej w lotnictwie jest znalezienie wspólnego mianownika między państwami bardziej i mniej rozwiniętymi.
EN
The article indicates that the historic advancement of international relations in aviation has led to the development of a complex structure of international economic regulations. This regime, which encompasses multilateral as well as thousands of bilateral agreements, does not guarantee global uniformity in the laws on commercial air transport. The hereto harmonization of international air law has generally embraced problems of air safety, but has so far been very limited when it comes to economic issues and competition. Numerous factors drive air policies in different States. Therefore, just as in other spheres of international relations, the major difficulty with the development of global economic regulation in aviation lies in the establishment of a common denominator for developed as well as less-developed countries.
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