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EN
The purpose of this article is to determine the main characteristics and summarize existing classifications of educational changes in the American studies on educational issues. The choice of the pedagogy of the USA as an object of research accounts for rich experience of the country in the field of school educational changes analysis as the American scientists are acknowledged developers of the educational change theory which is the theoretical basis for modern school reform processes. It is emphasized in the article that the importance of school development but not simply its operating makes all the changes innovative in nature, otherwise we can talk about reproduction and sharing traditional technologies or techniques. Identification and generalization of a number of specific features of educational changes allow evaluating the effectiveness of the innovative process, determining its direction and perspectives. According to the theory of change, formulated in American researches of the end of the XX century, school organization in conditions of continuous transformations must develop, not adapt its own environment, when responding to unpredictable changes. Methods selection of managing changes in schools and their conformity with innovative process also depends on the type of a particular change. Finally, knowledge of basic features and particulars of any changes in schooling gives an opportunity to distinguish truly innovative initiatives from failed experiments. By applying scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization and comparison the criteria of educational changes that are the basis of the classifications are defined. This article argues that educational changes are multidimensional in nature, which results in different approaches to their typology. The characteristic of each type of educational change is introduced. The generalized classification of educational changes is presented in the chart. It is emphasized that knowledge of classified features stimulates both foreign and Ukrainian teachers to build effective models for the process of change, develops new technologies for change management in school organizations as well as finds effective methods and tools for reform implementation. Further research may be focused on improving the classifications of educational changes and making recommendations to Ukrainian educators for developing effective methods and tools of reforming national education.
PL
W artykule zwrócono uwagę na zmiany na poziomie gospodarki oraz organizacji, które powodują iż niezbędne stają się również zmiany w edukacji. Edukacja zmienia się jednak znacznie wolniej i w wielu przypadkach nie odpowiada na potrzeby rynku. Starano się pokazać jak niezbędna jest spójność i zintegrowany rozwój gospodarki i edukacji. Autorka podkreśla, że nowe programy zajęć powinny wspomagać ustawiczne kształcenie, gdyż w gospodarce wiedzy liczy się przede wszystkim umiejętność uczenia się i zarządzania własnym samorozwojem. Uczelnie muszą sprostać wyzwaniom – ale przede wszystkim stać się liderami rozwoju społecznego i gospodarczego. Dziś warunkiem sukcesu jest wykorzystywanie wiedzy z różnych dziedzin i łączenie jej z praktyką. Swoje tezy opiera na doświadczeniach z realizacji międzynarodowego projektu edukacyjnego, w którym podjęto próbę innowacyjnych rozwiązań. Projekt był zrealizowany przez uniwersytety regionalne, które prowadzą swą działalność na terenach przygranicznych. Celem było połączenie wiedzy z doświadczeniem wykładowców obu uniwersytetów oraz wiedzy z doświadczeniami przedsiębiorczymi. Innowacyjnym podejściem było wspólne kształcenie studentów i doktorantów wraz z przedstawicielami biznesu. W ramach implikacji praktycznej dochodziło do transferu wiedzy we wszystkich możliwych kierunkach: z uczelni do świata biznesu, ze świata biznesu do uczelni, pomiędzy uczelniami, z biznesu do biznesu, a to wszysto działo się jeszcze w wymiarze transgranicznym. Innowacyjna forma edukacji okazała się być ciekawą, zachęcającą do dalszego zdobywania wiedzy oraz korzystną dla uczestników i rozwoju regionalnego.
EN
The article deals with the changes at the level of economics and institutions, which cause the changes in education to be necessary. The education changes happen much more slowly and in many cases they do not reflect the market demands. The aim was to show, how necessary it is to acquire conjunction and harmonious development of the economics and education. The author stresses that the new curricula should support the lifelong education, because knowledge-based economics and education accentuate the ability to learn and manage one’s own development. Universities must meet the expectation – but they should be foremost the leaders of social and economic development. Today the condition of the success is the use of knowledge from various disciplines and connection with the field experience. Her theses the author bases on experiences from the realization of international educational project, where the innovative solution had been tried. The project was implemented by regional universities in border regions. The goal was to interconnect the knowledge and experiences of the teachers from both universities with the knowledge and experiences of businessmen. The innovative element laid in common education of students, inceptors and representatives of the business. Within the framework of the practical implication the transfer of knowledge in all directions happened: from universities to the world of business, from the world of business to the universities, between universities and between businessmen respectively. All this had in addition a trans-border dimension. The innovative form of education had been evaluated as interesting, motivating for further education and useful for the participants and regional development.
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