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EN
The article explores returns to education during a period of educational expansion in the Czech Republic. The authors analyse the consequences of the educational expansion that occurred between 2000 and 2014 and its effect on economic and non-economic returns to education. The number of people with a university degree almost doubled between 2000 and 2014 in the Czech Republic. It is analysed whether this caused an inflation of education at the Czech labour market, or whether highly educated people are still employable in prestigious and well-paid jobs due to technological changes. The data used in the analysis are drawn from the Czech Labour Force Survey and the Survey of Average Earnings in the Czech Republic. Both sources support the theory of technological change over the theory of inflation of education. In the Czech Republic, returns to education did not decrease but slightly increased during the period analysed. The Czech labour market is undergoing technological changes. It is therefore not yet sufficiently saturated with university-educated employees and it was capable of offering them jobs with appropriate socioeconomic status, adequate job security, and a substantially higher salary both during and after the period of educational expansion.
EN
This article examines the relationship between education and occupation over the course of educational expansion. The authors analyse European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) data from 2014, 2015, and 2016 from 30 European countries and work with 12 graduated cohorts defined by the year in which they left the education system (2003–2014). They use a multilevel model approach and measure education in both absolute and relative terms. The results show that during the time of educational expansion there was no change in the relationship between education and occupation if education is conceptualised in absolute terms. However, a change in this relationship is visible when education is conceptualised as a positional good. Many previous studies that have posed a similar research question did not consider study field. The results here show that the role of study field changed during this time of educational expansion, with natural science, computer, and IT study fields growing stronger than other fields of study. The authors interpret the strengthening of education as a positional good in reference to the theory of skill-biased technological change.
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EN
This paper investigates education-labor mismatch for university graduates in Poland using the HEGESCO survey. Mismatch refers to the level of discord between the job performed by an individual and its education and skills. We evaluate three different dimensions of mismatch: vertical (under-/overeducation), horizontal (wrong field of study for the job performed), and skills mismatch (under-/overskilled). We discuss our results in the light of the large increase in the demand for tertiary education as well as in the number of tertiary education institutions that occurred in Poland after the transition process from communism to market economy.
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