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EN
Introduction: Continuing nursing education and the practice of newly acquired skills in clinical practice consist of increasingly important tools for improving patients’ care in today's health environment. Purpose: The purpose of this review study is to delve into the evaluation of continuing nursing education and its outcomes along with the educator’s role and obligations. Materials and Methods: A review of Greek and international literature was carried out, focusing on views regarding continuing nursing education and lifelong learning. The material of the study consisted of articles on the topic, found in Greek and international databases such as: Google Scholar, Mednet, Pubmed, Medline and the Hellenic Academic Libraries Association (HEAL-Link). Results: Evaluation of continuing nursing education is an integral part of improving the quality of educational activities. This assessment designates whether nurses meet the desired learning outcomes and provides feedback on ways to improve educational experiences that ultimately improve patient care. Conclusions: The final results of continuing nursing education activities should be aimed at improving nursing professional practice, and therefore, the care provided to patients by nurses.
PL
In this article the author discusses the revolutionary and unique democratic-humanistic educational approach of Janusz Korczak (1878-1942), which emphasized the fundamental values of the human being concentrated on children and concerning their rights. The author presents democracy as a societal way of life, as practiced by Korczak, Wilczyńska and Falska. They administered their orphanages democratically, as expressed in Korczak’s writings. Social and moral education is presented through a social lifestyle based on fundamental principles of democratic education in the spirit of Korczak. The article also examines the characteristics of democracy itself in the historical perspective and in relation to Korczak’s democratic and humanistic approach. Humanism and democracy as regulators of social life can be greatly inspiring for teachers, educators and parents involved in the process of child education.
EN
Transformation and informatisation of society contribute to introducing social media and information and communication technologies (ICT) as an integral part of society. The article is devoted to studying forming such a key competence of modern personality as media literacy through social media. The analysis of recent research and publications shows that the use of social media is controversial and has already been studied by scholars in various aspects. The use of social media today can be perceived as a pedagogical tool and a lever of information and political influence on society. Taking into consideration the imposition of martial law in Ukraine, we experience a special need to create own platforms of proven and quality information presented to the audience on social media as well as experts and influencers that will support the image and spirit of the country and ensure the dissemination of verified and reliable information. Education is considered the main counteraction to propaganda, manipulation and bias, and educators have been the headliners of the educational process. When conducting the research, the following tasks were set: 1) to find out the peculiarities of social media functioning (especially in martial law); 2) to test the feasibility of using social media as a tool for forming media literacy (based on findings of the educators in Dnipropetrovsk region). To conduct a comprehensive study of the use of social media as a tool for forming media literacy, we used a mixed research design based on quantitative and qualitative methods. The information overload that occurred at the beginning of the Russian military aggression against Ukraine negatively affected Ukrainian citizens’ ability to perceive information critically. However, by adapting to life in new conditions and restoring the ability to think critically, citizens continued their professional activities at a qualitatively new level. Exploring the potential of using social media for political manipulation and propaganda requires further in-depth study and analysis and can serve as a basis for political or psychological research in modern society.
PL
Expanding critical pedagogy as a mode of public pedagogy suggests being attentive to and addressing modes of knowledge and social practices in a variety of sites that not only encourage critical thinking, thoughtfulness and meaningful dialogue, but also offer opportunities to mobilize instances of moral outrage, social responsibility and collective action. Such mobilization opposes glaring material inequities and the growing cynical belief that today’s culture of investment and finance makes it impossible to address many of the major social problems facing the United States, Canada, Latin America and the larger world. Most importantly, such work points to the link between civic education, critical pedagogy and modes of oppositional political agency that are pivotal to creating a politics that promotes democratic values, relations, autonomy and social change.
PL
The notion of a neutral, objective education is an oxymoron. Education and pedagogy do not exist outside of ideology, values and politics. Ethics, when it comes to education, demand an openness to the other, a willingnessto engage a “politics of possibility” through a continual critical engagement with texts, images, events and other registers of meaning as they are transformed into pedagogical practices both within and outside of the classroom. Education is never innocent: It is always implicated in relations of power and specific visions of the present and future. This suggests the need for educators to rethink the cultural and ideological baggage they bring to each educational encounter. It also highlights the necessity of making educators ethically and politically accountable for and self-reflective about the stories they produce, the claims they make upon public memory, and the images of the future they deem legitimate.
PL
Artykuł omawia zmiany wprowadzone obowiązującym obecnie (od maja 2013 r.) rozporządzeniem Ministerstwa Edukacji Narodowej w sprawie zasad udzielania i organizacji pomocy psychologiczno-pedagogicznej, odnosząc się do rozporządzenia w tej sprawie z 2010 r. Wskazano różnice wprowadzone „nowym” aktem prawnym, m.in. takie jak poszerzenie spektrum osób udzielających pomocy, sposób i  formy udzielania jej uczniom oraz zróżnicowanie zasad w odniesieniu do uczniów objętych lub nieobjętych kształceniem specjalnym. Odniesiono się także do zadań wychowawców i nauczycieli, jakie na nich nakładają obecne wymagania prawne.
EN
The paper examines all the changes introduced by the current (in effect since May 2013) Regulation by the Minister of National Education on the rules for providing psychological and pedagogical support and contrasts them with the previous Regulation of 2010. Differences instituted by the “new” act were emphasised, e.g. broadening of the group of specialists qualified to provide psychological and pedagogical support, means and forms of the aforementioned support and diversification of rules applicable to students with and without special educational needs. The obligations imposed by valid legal requirements upon teachers, tutors and educators were also discussed.
EN
Transgressions are innovative and creative activities. They allow people to go beyond the limits of their current functioning, thus gaining new areas of activity or creating new values. Motivation specific to transgression is hubristic motivation. The article analyzes the biographical experiences of outstanding pedagogues. – Maria Montessori and Janusz Korczak. Maria Montessori – Italian physician, education system creator and Montessori pedagogy based on the needs of the child. Transcendental biography of Janusz Korczak – doctor, pedagogue, writer, journalist, visionary. Biographies contain different spaces of transgressive activities: personal, professional, social, creative, literary. They concern the concept of education, methods of pedagogical work with the child. The accomplishments of outstanding pedagogues include immutable values.
PL
Transgresje to czynności innowacyjne i twórcze. Pozwalają człowiekowi wychodzić poza granice dotychczasowego funkcjonowania, a więc zdobywać nowe obszary działania lub tworzyć nowe wartości. Motywacją specyficzną dla transgresji jest motywacja hubrystyczna. Artykuł analizuje doświadczenia biograficzne wybitnych pedagogów – Marii Montessori i Janusza Korczaka. Maria Montessori to włoska lekarka, twórczyni systemu wychowania i pedagogiki Montessori, opartej na potrzebach dziecka. Transgresyjna biografia Janusza Korczaka dotyczy lekarza, pedagoga, pisarza, publicysty, wizjonera. Biografie zawierają różne przestrzenie działań transgresyjnych: osobistych, zawodowych, społecznych, twórczych, literackich. Odnoszą się one koncepcji wychowania, metod pracy pedagogicznej z dzieckiem. Biografie ukazują dokonania wybitnych pedagogów zawierające nieprzemijające wartości.
EN
The researcher presents the findings of the phenomenographical research carried out in 2017 and 2018 with respect to various ways of understanding of the phenomenon of competencies. Individual reconstructions of experiences of adult educators led to the conclusion that is outlined in the paper. The categories of understanding reflect the meaning of the phenomenon “competences” as understood by 20 adult educators representing a wide spectrum of ages, branches and experience. The paper is partly based on a doctoral dissertation of the author
EN
In recent years we have seen a spontaneous attempt to define the ethics of individual professions. A manifestation of this phenomenon are various codes of ethics developed, adopted or proposed in different environments and occupational groups. Often the consul-tations and discussions on ethical issues are also invited educators. Taken considerations also argue for the importance of ethics education work. Its problems lie in education, espe-cially in the ideas of education through work and for work that should not be indifferent to the educators. This ethic work will co-decide on future work, the quality and performance, reliability and conscientiousness.
PL
Celem przeprowadzonego badania było poznanie specyfiki funkcjonowania państwowych przedszkolnych placówek oświatowych podczas pandemii. Kwestie badawcze były następujące: tryb działalności, organizacja procesu edukacyjnego oraz cechy działalności pracowników przedszkolnej placówki oświatowej w warunkach kwarantanny. Metody badawcze: teoretyczne ‒ analiza źródeł psychologiczno-pedagogicznych i metodologicznych, badanie planów edukacyjnych, programów, zestawów materiałów pedagogiczno-metodologicznych, aktualnych stron internetowych przedszkolnych placówek oświatowych; empiryczne ‒ kwestionariusze, ankiety, wywiady, testy, obserwacje bezpośrednie i pośrednie, oceny eksperckie. Badaniu poddano cechy działalności przedszkolnych placówek oświatowych w warunkach funkcjonowania na odległość oraz w warunkach normalnej aktywności, ale z zachowaniem zasad kwarantanny. Wykazano trudności i komplikacje w pracy zespołów tych placówek oraz niedogodności dla dzieci i rodziców. W opracowaniu analizie poddano środki mające na celu wyeliminowanie negatywnych czynników uczenia się na odległość. Wskazano również zalecenia dotyczące specyfiki działań kierowników placówek oświatowych dla dzieci podczas pandemii.
EN
This paper focuses on the issue of preschool education in a pandemic. The purpose of this study is to reveal the problems, which public preschool educational institutions (PEIs) may face during the pandemic period. Special emphasis is placed on the subject matter of the article, which is the activities of PEIs in a pandemic. The present research broaches such issues as the mode of functioning of PEIs, the organization of an educational process in PEIs, and the specific features of the activities of the PEI staff under quarantine conditions. To complete the study, the following methods have been employed: theoretical – analysis of psychological-pedagogical and methodological sources, review of educational designs and programs, educational and methodological complexes, and actual educational resources of PEIs; empirical – questionnaires, surveys, interviews, testing, direct and indirect observation, expert evaluation. The article explores the specificity of the activities of PEIs both under the conditions of distance functioning and under the conditions of normal activity, observing quarantine measures. It also reveals and analyses complications and difficulties in the work of the PEI staff, as well as inconveniences for children and parents. Furthermore, the study considers the measures aimed to eliminate the negative factors of distance learning and gives recommendations for the heads of preschool institutions on the peculiarities of their activities in a pandemic.
PL
Niższe Seminaria Duchowne są ukazane przez Dekret soborowy Optatam totius i kościelne nauczanie posoborowe jako instytucje założone w celu pielęgnacji zalążków powołania, które przejawiają się w odpowiednich przymiotach ludzkich i wierze alumnów, prowadzących do rozeznania życiowego powołania i pewnej fascynacji kapłaństwem służebnym. Seminaria te stanowią środowisko sprzyjające dojrzewaniu u młodego człowieka powołania, którym obdarzył go Bóg. Środkami wychowawczymi są w nich specjalna formacja religijna oraz właściwe kierownictwo duchowe. Niższe Seminaria Duchowne powinny być wspólnotami prawdziwie wychowawczymi. Styl życia i proces wychowawczy, który proponują trzeba dostosować do młodzieńczego wieku alumnów, ich mentalności, poziomu umysłowego, etapu rozwoju i wskazań psychologii. Nie powinno się też zaniedbywać nabywania przez nich odpowiedniego doświadczenia w sprawach ludzkich ani utrudniać im kontaktów z własną rodziną. Nauczanie, jaki mają otrzymać, tak należy zaprogramować, aby mogli naukę kontynuować bez przeszkód gdzie indziej, jeśli obiorą inny sposób życia. Wychowawcy Niższych Seminariów Duchownych winni być wybierani przez Biskupów spośród najlepszych kapłanów diecezjalnych, odznaczających się pobożnością, gruntownym wykształceniem, odpowiednim doświadczeniem duszpasterskim, gorliwością i dobrym wykształceniem pedagogicznym. Ich zasadniczym zadaniem jest pomaganie alumnom we właściwym i roztropnym rozeznaniu życiowego powołania.
XX
Minor Seminaries are presented in the conciliar Decree Optatam totius and in the post conciliar teaching of the Church as institutions established to cultivate the seeds of vocation, which express themselves in the human qualities and a faith directed towards a serious approach to vocational discernment and a particular attraction towards the priesthood. These Seminaries are established as a setting for vocational growth. The educational means applied are a special religious formation and appropriate spiritual direction. Minor Seminaries must be truly educational communities. The way of life which they offer should be appropriate to age, mentality, development and to the criteria of a healthy psychology, without neglecting a suitable experience of human life and family relationships. The studies should be arranged in such a way that they do not created difficulties for those who intend to follow them, in the event that they leave the Minor Seminary. The educators of Minor Seminaries must be chosen by the Bishops from among the best diocesan priests and must be recognised for their devotion and sound doctrine, appropriate personal experience, zeal for souls and a particular aptitude for formation and teaching. Their principle task is to help seminarians in their fitting and prudent vocational discernment.
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