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EN
The article is dedicated to the question of how health and disease discourses are linked to the migration discourse in AfD election programs. For this purpose, twenty election programs of the party from the years 2016 to 2021 are evaluated in terms of content, which were adopted for the elections to the state parliaments, the Bundestag and the European Parliament. Based on the evaluation, seven different sub-discourses can be identified in which health or disease-related topics are linked to the migration discourse. The focus here is on the portrayal of migrants as carriers of diseases, as a danger to the health of the population and in particular of health care workers, and on the exploitation and thus endangerment of the German health care system by migrants. Statistical analysis shows that references to these motifs occur continuously in the programs studied. A significantly stronger access to these discourses can be demonstrated in election programs from the new German states. In general, migrants are directly or indirectly portrayed as a threat to the health of the population in all sub-discourses. Overall, it can be shown that references to health and illness discourses are integrated by the AfD into its xenophobic program in order to generate feelings of threat and fear among voters. Overall, the AfD is thus less concerned with the issues of health and illness than with reinforcing xenophobic emotions among the population.
PL
Celem poniższego artykułu będzie przedstawienie najważniejszych propozycji zmian w oświacie zawartych w programach partii politycznych z wyborów parlamentarnych w 2015 r. W szczególności zostaną przedstawione propozycje ugrupowań politycznych, które zasiadają w obecnym Sejmie – VIII kadencji (2015–2019) – z podziałem na partię rządzącą oraz opozycję parlamentarną. W artykule nie zostało uwzględnione ugrupowanie Kukiz’15 ponieważ nie jest to partia polityczna.
EN
The purpose of the article below will be to present the most important proposals for changes in education, contained in the political party programs of the parliamentary elections in 2015. In particular, proposals of political groups that sit in the current Sejm – VIII term (2015–2019) – will be presented, divided into ruling parties and parliamentary opposition. Kukiz’15group has not been included in the article because it is not a political party.
RU
В данной статье представлены основные положения и атрибуты политики «Право и справедливость» (ПиС) в отношении России, включенные в предвыборную программу партии на 2019 год – «Польша – модель государства всеобщего благосостояния». Статья призвана ответить на следующие вопросы: Какие политические установки в отношении России были представлены «Правом и справедливостью» в предвыборной программе 2019 года? Из каких элементов состоит политика ПиС в отношении этого государства? Каковы особенности этой политики? В чем причины подхода и политики ПиС по отношению к Российской Федерации? Предвыборная программа ПиС 2019 года является исходным материалом для демонстрации основных целей, элементов и особенностей внешней политики ПиС в отношении России.
EN
This article presents the main assumptions and attributes of the Law and Justice (PiS) policy towards Russia, included in the party’s 2019 election program – “Poland – a model of the welfare state”. The article aims to answer the following questions: What policy assumptions towards Russia were presented by Law and Justice in its 2019 election program? What elements does PiS’s policy towards this state consist of? What are the features of this policy? What are the reasons for the approach and policy of PiS towards the Russian Federation? the 2019 PiS election program or subject to a qualitative analysis is the source and starting material for showing the main goals, elements and features of PiS’s foreign policy towards Russia.
EN
Ecological security is pivotal component of the national security of the Republic of Poland, announced by the President of the Republic of Poland. The growing awareness of citizens and the intense civilization development have made it the center of the debate on the world around us and the fate of future generations. The essence of the issue is evidenced by the fact, that in 2020 candidates for the office of the President of the Republic of Poland decided to include sozology in their original election documents. The aim of this publication is to show the differences and similarities between the postulates concerning the ecological safety of Poland, presented by the 6 contenders for the title of the head of state. The author analyzed program brochures, speeches at election conventions, social media entries, press articles and available scientific literature to verify the substantive tone of the campaign discourse in this dimension.
PL
Bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne jest kluczowym komponentem bezpieczeństwa narodowego RP, nad którym piecze piastuje Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Rosnąca świadomość obywateli oraz intensywny rozwój cywilizacyjny sprawiły, że znajduje się w centrum debaty nad otaczającym nas światem i losem przyszłych pokoleń. O istocie problematyki świadczy fakt, że kandydaci na urząd Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w 2020 roku postanowili uwzględnić sozologię w autorskich dokumentach programowych. Celem niniejszej publikacji jest wskazanie różnic i podobieństw między postulatami dotyczącymi bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego Polski, które zaprezentowało sześciu pretendentów do miana głowy państwa. Autor poddał analizie broszury programowe, wystąpienia na konwencjach wyborczych, wpisy w social mediach, artykuły prasowe oraz dostępną literaturę naukową, by zweryfikować merytoryczny wydźwięk kampanijnego dyskursu w tym wymiarze.
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