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EN
Contemporary culture, shaped by electronic media, is described in the context of the category of hybridity. Such hybridity is manifested in the coexistence and mutual conditioning of the traditional forms of literacy based on print as well as texts produced in an electronic environment. This article discusses V, a multimedia poetry project by Stephanie Strickland, in which print and electronic textuality are purposefully brought together, placing the recipient’s experience in the inter-spaces (in-between) which are thus opened. Issues relating to the materiality of media technologies used by the authors of experimental poetry as well as the question of combining the bodily perception with the architecture of electronic text are particularly important to the matters discussed in the article.
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Cyfrowe adaptacje literatury

100%
EN
This article discusses phenomenon of adaptation of literary works in a digital environment. The authoress indicates most important features of new projects using examples from a polish understanding: intermediality, metatextuality, interactivity, multitask while reading, randomness, unpredictability and the uniqueness of every reading event. Also, she outlines the prospects of further research into transmedial genology. Digital adaptation is presented as an ontological transformation within literary studies.
4
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Poetics and e-literature

88%
EN
Following the development of e-literature and the state of research on the subject both in Poland and abroad, the author attempts to outline research perspectives for e-poetics. This discipline, barely over twenty years old, concerns the study of literary texts that are created with the use of digital technologies. Hypertextual works available online and via digital carriers are characterized by intermediality and interactivity, and they differ from printed literature in that computers are indispensable tools for their creation, existence and reception. What are the consequences of this change of medium for literature, its structure, the process of communication with the reader and the interpretative possibilities? How can one describe the relationship between the old and the new form of a literary text? Finally, why is it important to introduce research on electronic literature into academic education?
EN
Writer (and Reader) in a Laboratory, or from Creative Writing to Creative Programming — case study of Twine
DE
Der Artikel enthält das Abstract auschließlich in englischer Sprache.
EN
This article argues that David Clark’s digital biography 88 Constellations for Wittgenstein (to be played with the Left Hand) (2008) meets all the criteria of a writerly/plural text as defined by Roland Barthes in S/Z (1970). The discussion focuses on the interactive and reversible structure of Clark’s work, as well as on the plurality and hybridity of its components. The experimental form of Wittgenstein’s biography is examined as an attempt to capture the elusiveness and the contradictions of its subject.
FR
L'article contient uniquement le résumé en anglais.
EN
The article describes new phenomena in the field of literature that have developed under the influence of digital technology. It points out to the conversion of the ontology of works and modification of the nature of perception that are associated with digital media. Literature created in digital technology becomes an audiovisual and multimedia experience. Its audience is given a new kind of experience based on participation. Participation is related to interactivity, which is one of the basic features of digital objects. They need action rather than contemplation to reveal. The authoress points out that, in new literary phenomena, digital medium becomes an important part of the work. It influences its structure, functions, manner of existence, and strategies for impact on the recipient. Every act of interactive reading is transformed into a performance – a oneoff and a unique event. Reading is transformed from contemplation into action engaging the reader’s physicality. Description of this modification of literary communication and the poetics of reception can be the key to understanding the essence of e-literature.
PL
The article describes new phenomena in the field of literature that have developed under the influence of digital technology. It points out to the conversion of the ontology of works and modification of the nature of perception that are associated with digital media. Literature created in digital technology becomes an audiovisual and multimedia experience. Its audience is given a new kind of experience based on participation. Participation is related to interactivity, which is one of the basic features of digital objects. They need action rather than contemplation to reveal. The authoress points out that, in new literary phenomena, digital medium becomes an important part of the work. It influences its structure, functions, manner of existence, and strategies for impact on the recipient. Every act of interactive reading is transformed into a performance – a oneoff and a unique event. Reading is transformed from contemplation into action engaging the reader’s physicality. Description of this modification of literary communication and the poetics of reception can be the key to understanding the essence of e-literature.
EN
The article discusses Sandy Baldwin’s book The Internet Unconscious. On the Subject of Electronic Literature. The author takes note of the numerous deconstructionist threads in Baldwin’s work on the subject of electronic literature, and at the same time points to the absence of scrupulous discussion of previously developed concepts of the unconscious of the subject of online writing. One example of such a work is Slavoj Žižek’s The Plague of Fantasies, which the author uses to show some of Baldwin’s theoretical oversights and finally present the thesis that The Internet Unconscious is hindered by an anachronistic conceptual framework.
PL
Artykuł jest omówieniem książki Sandy’ego Baldwina The Internet Unconscious. On the Subject of Electronic Literature. Autor zauważa liczne wątki dekonstrukcjonistyczne w refleksji Baldwina na temat podmiotu literatury elektronicznej, a zarazem wskazuje na brak skrupulatnego przedyskutowania wcześniej wypracowanych koncepcji nieświadomości podmiotu piszącego w sieci. Przykładem takiej koncepcji jest Przekleństwo fantazji Slavoja Žižka, za pomocą którego autor artykułu pokazuje kilka przeoczeń teoretycznych Baldwina i stawia tezę o pewnej anachroniczności pojęciowej książki The Internet Unconscious.
Porównania
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2018
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vol. 23
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issue 2
EN
The article presents transformations of the artist’s myths in electronic literature. The subject of research is the space of the Internet and literary phenomena developing with the use of digital tools. The authoress searches for the answer to the question whether and how the literary myths of the artist, derived from modernism, appear in the new technological and cultural as well as communication reality, and what new patterns of authorship appear in their place. The attitudes, observed over the last dozen or so years, have been described in the Polish Internet space on the example of the author and theoretician Zenon Fajfer, the cyberpoet and philosopher Roman Bromboszcz, as well as two group projects: the Hub of Rozdzielczość Chleba Publishing House (whose activity ended in October 2018) and Pixel Zdrój initiated and coordinated by Mariusz Pisarski. The sketch has the character of preliminary findings, which – also due to the nature of the online medium – must be subject to further modifications.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest prezentacji przemian mitów artysty w literaturze elektronicznej. Przedmiotem badań jest tu wyłącznie przestrzeń Internetu oraz zjawiska literackie, rozwijające się przy użyciu narzędzi cyfrowych. Autorka szuka odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy i jak funkcjonują w tej nowej technologicznej i kulturowej, a także komunikacyjnej rzeczywistości wywodzące się jeszcze z modernizmu mity literackie artysty oraz jakie nowe wzorce autorstwa pojawiają się w ich miejsce. Realizowane w przestrzeni polskiego Internetu postawy, obserwowane na przestrzeni ostatnich kilkunastu lat, autorka omawia na przykładach twórcy i teoretyka literatury Zenona Fajfera, cyberpoety i filozofa Romana Bromboszcza oraz dwóch projektów grupowych: działalności Hubu Wydawniczego Rozdzielczość Chleba (zakończonej w październiku 2018 roku) oraz utworu Piksel Zdrój, zainicjowanego i koordynowanego przez Mariusza Pisarskiego. Szkic ma charakter wstępnych ustaleń, które – także ze względu na naturę medium internetowego – podlegać muszą dalszym modyfikacjom.
EN
The article concerns electronic literature and its place at the interface of traditional literature, technology and visual arts. This new genre of literature, associated with the development of digital media, shows that the boundaries of classical arts and disciplines in scientific research are blurring. This new phenomena require a new, transdisciplinary approach, combining literary and humanist competences with programming knowledge. The author presents a new literary phenomenon and indicates that literariness is a category which is more functional than literature in the case of studying e-literary. Literariness applies not only to literary works but also to other arts and phenomena in which it is the dominant feature of the work. This is exactly what happens in the case of electronic literature. It remains in the field of creativity in which the role of the word is the most important. At the same time, programming skills are required from the artist and the researcher, which do not fall within the scope of classical humanities. The author indicates that e-literary creativity is an area that opens up new perspectives for literary studies. It also sets new requirements for literary researchers.
PL
W artykule poruszam kwestie wpływu rewolucji mikrokomputerowej i doświadczenia sieci na współczesne praktyki słowne, w tym rozwój literatury elektronicznej, oraz sygnalizuję problem wpływu doświadczenia najnowszych mediów (głównie sieci WWW) na literackie strategie narracyjne widoczne w „tradycyjnym”, papierowym medium. Tytułowa literatura postelektroniczna nie jest ścisłą metodologiczną propozycją, lecz raczej zasygnalizowaną pokusą kategoryzacji zjawisk literackich, na których sieć odcisnęła swoje piętno. Stąd też, w omówieniu pojawiają się także trudne do skategoryzowania dzieła z pogranicza literatury elektronicznej i tej istniejącej w powszechnym obiegu literackim, czego przykładem są niektóre zjawiska związane ze współczesnym pisarstwem konceptualnym.
EN
In my paper I am focusing on the impact of microcomputer revolution and network experiences (Internet) in contemporary verbal practices, including the development of electronic literature, and problems of the impact of recent experience of the media (especially the Web) on the literary narrative strategies which could be seen in a «traditional» paper medium. The title’s postelectronic literature is not a strict methodological proposal, but rather a signaled temptation to categorize literary phenomena, on which the Internet network has left its mark. Hence, in the discussion there also appears a difficulty to categorize the works on the borderline of electronic literature and this «traditional», existing literature in wide circulation, and some phenomena associated with the contemporary conceptual writing.
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Tvořivost literatury v éře umělé inteligence

63%
EN
This study deals with the issues surrounding literature generated by artificial intelligence or artificial neuron networks. The authors first critically analyse the results of these generative projects, including Czech and Slovak ones, comparing poetry and prose text generating projects. The fact that many of the texts generated in this way are practically indistinguishable from those written by humans is understood as a challenge to reassess existing theoretical approaches to the process of generating a literary text and the overall modelling of the literary system. In these contexts the literary system appears to be an autonomous structure that does not need any external input to produce texts, but makes do with its own text material and its transformational recombination.
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63%
EN
The aim of this article is to compare Roland Barthes‘ thought construct of the ideal text with selected original works in the field of electronic literature. The link between this idea and this type of work is assumed on the basis of interconnections and references in foreign theoretical texts on electronic literature. In the first part of the article, the concept itself is introduced in its original context of the S/Z book. Subsequently, the links are presented between the ideal text and the theories referring to it. In the second part of the text, it is shown, using a representative sample of original works of electronic literature, where this analogy can be traced and where it cannot.
EN
This article is an attempt at an analysis of digital archiving as a process of forming a community of practice. Such community has coalesced around the ELMCIP Knowledge Base developed by the University of Bergen. It is seen not only as a shift in academic pedagogies, where boundaries between professors and students become blurred, but also as a strategy of the humanities aimed at reclaiming the knowledge work in the age of a novel, ‘cool’ and ubiquitous innovation. The latter is often presented as a goal in itself contributing to fundamental digital disruption, supposedly reorganising society and culture at large. Moreover, establishing such communities of practice is seen as a crucial factor to safeguard the sustainability of digital archives that extends beyond purely infrastructural and technical circumstances.
EN
The article focuses on the problem of preparing young readers to deal with electronic literature (and, in broader perspective, any new media text), that is: on developing modern students e-literacies. An important teachers’ role in this process is also discussed. Author’s main case study, Inanimate Alice alongside iTeach with Alice platform, is analysed as an “educational blockbuster”, repeatedly awarded and in some countries even included into official school programmes. Its form, history and educational use is described in detail and interpreted. In this context author presents some more general conclusions about educating to reading e-literature and teachers role in this process. Mentioned conclusions are based also in author’s personal teaching experience.
PL
Artykuł skupia się na problemie kształtowania kompetencji młodych czytelników do lektury tekstów należących do obszaru literatury elektronicznej czy – szerzej – tekstów nowomedialnych (tzw. e-literacies), również na roli nauczyciela w tym procesie. Głównym case study jest cykl Inanimate Alice wraz z towarzyszącą mu platformą edukacyjną iTeach with Alice, ukazany jako tekst, który stał się „edukacyjnym blockbusterem” i od lat nie tylko zdobywa kolejne nagrody, lecz jest włączany do programów nauczania w kolejnych krajach. Autorka szczegółowo analizuje jego medialną formę i strukturę a także omawia historię projektu oraz rozmaite sposoby jego dydaktycznego wykorzystania. W tym kontekście przedstawia też szersze wnioski dotyczące kształtowania e-literacies u najmłodszych e-czytelników i roli nauczyciela w tym procesie, bazując również na doświadczeniach z prowadzonych warsztatów i zajęć.
16
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Poetyka i e-literatura

51%
Tematy i Konteksty
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2013
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vol. 8
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issue 3
211-229
EN
The author attempts to outline the research prospects of e-poetics. This discipline, not much over twenty years old, deals with the study of literary texts which are created with the use of digital technologies. Intermediality and interactiveness are the characteristic features of hypertextual works available on the Internet and on digital carriers. The trait which distinguishes such texts from literature is that computers are the essential tool necessary for their creation, existence and reading. What consequences arise from such a change of the medium for literature, its structure, the process of communication with the reader and the interpretative possibilities? How is it possible to describe the relations between the old and the new forms of a literary text? Finally, why is it important to introduce research on e-literature into academic education? The author makes an attempt to provide answers to these, as well as many other questions, following the paths of the development of e-literature and the state of research on it both in Poland and abroad (mainly in the USA).
PL
Autorka podejmuje próbę zarysowania perspektyw badawczych e-poetyki. Ta, licząca sobie niewiele ponad dwadzieścia lat, dyscyplina zajmuje się badaniem tekstów literackich, które powstają przy udziale technologii cyfrowych. Hipertekstualne dzieła dostępne w sieci i na nośnikach cyfrowych charakteryzują się intermedialnością, interaktywnością, a od literatury drukowanej różni je to, że komputer jest niezbędnym narzędziem towarzyszącym ich powstaniu, istnieniu i czytaniu. Jakie konsekwencje wynikają z takiej zmiany medium dla literatury, jej struktury, procesu komunikacji z czytelnikiem oraz możliwości interpretacyjnych? Jak można opisać relacje pomiędzy starą i nową postacią tekstu literackiego? Wreszcie; dlaczego wprowadzenie badań nad literaturą elektroniczną jest ważne w edukacji akademickiej? Odpowiedzi na te i inne pytania autorka poszukuje śledząc rozwój e-literatury oraz stan badań nad nią w Polsce i na świecie (głównie w USA).
EN
The aim of the article is to present a review of the most important trends that the literary text on visual values has been subject to in the last century. The starting point was the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, when under the influence of avant-garde artists (Guillaume Apollinaire, Stéphane Mallarmé) there were changes in the perception of the semantic meaning of poetry, which led to a situation in which the text’s visual structure became relevant (the works of.in.: FT Marinetti, T. Czyżewski, L. Chwistek). In the period immediately after World War I and in the inter-war period of the great avant-garde, artists associated with dadaism and the Polish group “a.r” showed interest in modern typography. Another important moment in the mutual relations of text and visual arts is the 1960s and ‘concrete poetry’ (E. Gomringer, brothers de Campos and S. Dróżdż, creating so-called ‘conceptual shapes’). In the 21st century, the emanation of activities that closely connect poetry with visual arts is electronic literature, referred to as digital or HTML, and liberature (K. Bazarnik, Z. Fajfer, R. Nowakowski).
PL
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja przeglądu najistotniejszych nurtów, jakim przez ostatnie stulecie podlegał tekst literacki o walorach wizualnych. Z punkt wyjścia przyjęto okres przełomu XIX i XX wieku, gdy pod wpływem działań artystów awangardowych (Guillaume Apollinaire, Stéphane Mallarmé) nastąpiły zmiany w postrzeganiu semantycznego znaczenia poezji, co doprowadziło do sytuacji, w której wizualna struktura tekstu stała się istotna (wspomniane zostały prace m.in.: F.T. Marinettiego, T. Czyżewskigo, L. Chwistka). Zainteresowanie nowoczesną typografią wykazywali w okresie tuż po I wojnie światowej i w międzywojennym okresie wielkiej awangardy artyści związani z dadaizmem i polską grupą „a.r”. Kolejny istotny moment we wzajemnych relacjach tekstu i plastyki to okres lat 60. XX wieku i „poezji konkretnej” (E. Gomringer, bracia de Campos czy S. Dróżdż, tworzący tak zwane „pojęciokształty”). W XXI wieku emanacja działań łączących ściśle poezję ze sztukami wizualnymi to literatura elektroniczna, czyli electronic literature, określana mianem cyfrowej lub HTML, oraz liberatura (K. Bazarnik, Z. Fajfer, R. Nowakowski).
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