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EN
Stanisław Łazarski was born on 29 November 1849, in Jeleśnia near Żywiec. After graduating from his school, he attended St Anna Middle School in Cracow. However, he didn`t finish the school. After the year 1863 he continued his education in Middle School in Tarnów where on 11 July 1868 he passed his matura exam. Then He studied in Lviv, Cracow, Vienna and Graz. In 1980 he got his PhD in history by Jagiellonian University. He most likely defended his dissertation in Law in Graz. When Stanisław graduated from university He ran the Law offices in Biała and Wadowice. He became famous owing to to his successful defence of Wanda Krahelska- Dobrodzicka in a criminal trial in Wadowice in 1908. The process made him famous in Galicja and beyond. Łazarski was also a politician at the district level in Biała, at the national level in Lviv and at the central level in Vienna. As the representative of the Polish parliamentarians He was remembered as the first member of Parliament who spoke in the Parliament in Vienna. In June 1917 He presented publicly the program of rebuilding of Poland. What is more He almost took up the post of the Minister of the District of Galicja in 1911. Stanisław Łazarski was also involved in the development of Wadowice in the nineteenth century. He proved it when He contributed in the process of establishment of the telephone network and installation of telephone equipment in Wadowice. It was one of the most important stages in the process of Europeanization of the town. In the next few years He supported the process of electrification in Wadowice. He also unsuccessfully tried to found a Trade school for the teenagers from the region. Łazarski spent the last days of his life in his property in Witkowice near Kęty. He died on 18 November 1938. He was buried in Biała which was for him as important as Wadowice.
EN
History of electrification in Wadowice began as early as in 1906. This source of energy was appreciated instantly. Neighbouring factories started to install their own power plants. Yet such installations were very costly. The solution to the problem would be electrification of the entire region supplied by one big power plant generating cheap electrical energy. In order to win the marker, various electrical centers started their “fight” offering different sale conditions.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia tradycje energetycznego wykorzystania rzeki Bóbr na przestrzeni XIII–XX w. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na rolę młynów wodnych w procesie przemian cywilizacyjnych, poczynając od mechanizacji pracy w średniowiecznych warsztatach, przez rozwój przemysłu w okresie gospodarki folwarczno-pańszczyźnianej, kończąc na elektryfikacji przemysłu, rolnictwa i miast dzięki elektrowniom uruchamianym na bazie istniejących młynów wodnych. Do prześledzenia tej ewolucji posłużyły źródła archiwalne, lokalne kroniki i literatura przedmiotu. Dostarczyły one informacji dotyczących uwarunkowań społecznych i czynników gospodarczych, które warunkowały ewolucję poszczególnych młynów we współczesne elektrownie bobrzańskie.
EN
The article presents the problems of building and maintaining urban transport infrastructure in Warsaw at the turn of the 20th century. The text concerns Kajetan Mościcki (1855–1933), engineer, who was appointed by the acting Mayor of Warsaw, General Sokrates Starynkiewicz, to the position of senior city engineer and head of the municipal construction department, where he worked from 1889 to 1909. During this period, he paved the streets which were worn or damaged by sewerage works with wooden blocks and covered the sidewalks with concrete slabs. He designed the first slip road in the Kingdom of Poland in the form of a spiral, and he also participated in the construction of the oldest road engineering structures made of reinforced concrete, located in Ujazdowski Park and on Karowa street in Warsaw, the first Warsaw power plant and the second city bridge across the Vistula. In addition to his professional activity, Kajetan Mościcki was an inventor in the fields of mechanics and electrical engineering. At the end of his life, he founded an award that the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences was to grant to Polish scientists for outstanding achievements.
EN
The subject of the article is the history of some of the interesting interwar period constructions, namely the modernist railway platform umbrella roofs and the train station waiting halls of the Warsaw Railway Junction electrified railway lines. In 1933, an agreement was concluded between the Polish State Railways (PKP) and a consortium of British entrepreneurs on the electrification of the suburban railway lines of the Warsaw Railway Junction (to Otwock, Żyrardów and Mińsk Mazowiecki). The completion of this railway investment, one of the most significant in the interwar period, required the redevelopment of the track systems of the electrified lines and the construction of new platforms, umbrella roofs and stations. The design works related to the electrification and redevelopment of the Warsaw Railway Junction lines were conducted by the Polish State Railways Design and Study Bureau in cooperation with the Polish State Railways Warsaw Railway Junction Electrification Bureau and the Regional Directorate of the State Railways in Warsaw, under the supervision of the Ministry of Communication. At the stage of drawing up the concept of the communication system for the electrified lines, experiences of European railway management boards using electrified lines to handle suburban traffic were used to a large extent. In creating the communication system of the electric urban railway, the Polish State Railways Design and Study Bureau based their work largely on the Berlin Stadtschnellbahn (S-Bahn). The author of the concept of track systems and stations, as well as traffic organisation for the electrified railway lines of the Warsaw Railway Junction was Kazimierz Centnerszwer, Eng., a 1927 graduate of the Faculty of Railway Transport Engineering of the Warsaw University of Technology, an employee of the Polish State Railways Design and Study Bureau. Platforms adapted to the new electric rolling stock were designed at the suburban stations of the electrified lines. They were island, bay and side platforms. At the time, the Polish State Railways Design and Study Bureau created a repeatable design of a station/ platform umbrella roof connected to the waiting hall and the ticket office building or office building. Depending on the local conditions, single-pitched umbrella roofs were also built on island platforms and double-pitched ones in the case of cross-platform interchanges. Unfortunately, in spite of the preliminary research having been conducted, the name of the architect who was the author of the project remains unknown. However, the authorship of Arseniusz Romanowicz, Eng., architect, was ruled out beyond doubt. The modernist platform umbrella roofs and waiting halls constitute an extremely interesting example of Polish modernist railway architecture of the 1930s. At the same time, they are a relic of one of the most prominent investments of the interwar period, namely the construction of the cross-city railway line and the electrification of the Warsaw Railway Junction. Their value is especially high in the context of the destruction of all the railway stations in Warsaw (including the modernist Warszawa Główna main railway station) and a considerable part of Warsaw’s railway architecture and infrastructure during the war.
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