Search results

1

A Socrates That Does Not Listen. The Euthyphro Case

100%

Rossetti L.

Peitho. Examina Antiqua

|

2011

|

vol. 2

|

issue 1

25-38

EN

Walter Kohan has recently observed that Socrates does not seem particularly interested in the opinions of his interlocutors. Consequently, the philosopher is not really involved in a peer to peer relation with them, but rather embarks upon the task of annihilating their ideas. With the situation being as it is, the image of Socrates as a champion of dialogue begins to wobble. While the present paper aims to discuss these claims, a number of issues needs to be accounted for. First of all, the Socratic dialogue does begin in a characteristically symmetrical way, but it becomes more and more asymmetric as the elenchos begins to appear. This is due to the fact the elenchos makes the interlocutors defensive, whereas Socrates can attack freely. Given that, Kohan’s claims seem justified and enlightening, but they should not be regarded as conclusive, since one must neither forget nor undervalue how innovative it was to replace monologue speeches with one-to-one dialogues which offered the opportunity of being involved in unforeseeable conversations.

IT

Walter Kohan has recently observed that Socrates does not seem particularly interested in the opinions of his interlocutors. Consequently, the philosopher is not really involved in a peer to peer relation with them, but rather embarks upon the task of annihilating their ideas. With the situation being as it is, the image of Socrates as a champion of dialogue begins to wobble. While the present paper aims to discuss these claims, a number of issues needs to be accounted for. First of all, the Socratic dialogue does begin in a characteristically symmetrical way, but it becomes more and more asymmetric as the elenchos begins to appear. This is due to the fact the elenchos makes the interlocutors defensive, whereas Socrates can attack freely. Given that, Kohan’s claims seem justified and enlightening, but they should not be regarded as conclusive, since one must neither forget nor undervalue how innovative it was to replace monologue speeches with one-to-one dialogues which offered the opportunity of being involved in unforeseeable conversations.

2

KIlka uwag o aktualności etyki Sokratejskiej w dobie procesów globalizacji

89%

Śpiewak S.

Horyzonty Polityki

|

2021

|

vol. 12

|

issue 40

181-201

EN

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this paper is to consider the topicality of the Socratic ethical project in the context of the current debate on the problems and threats of globalisation processes. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The idea that there is any kind of compatibility between Socrates’ thought and the challenges brought on by globalisation, which seem to go far beyond the scope of his considerations, may be regarded as problematic. To give plausibility to this idea, a comprehensive research method will be used, which will combine the following aspects: a historical and philosophical analysis of accounts of Socrates’ life and teaching; a contextual analysis to reveal the historical and cultural background of Socratic ethics. THE PROCESS of ARGUMENTATION: An outline of Socrates’ dialectical method in its negative aspect as well as the historical and cultural context of his philosophy are given. The aporetic and elenctic elements of his method can be regarded as offering a third path for an ethics that wants to avoid the two extreme positions present not only in his own epoch but also today: 1) an uncritical trust in tradition, leading to the conviction about the power of one’s own values and the right to impose them on others; and 2) relativism, denying the possibility of any universal approach to morality. RESEARCH RESULTS: The critical project of Socrates philosophy was supposed to be a remedy to ethical problems regardless of historically changing conditions in which those problems were formulated. However, the negative dimension of the Socratic method is a considerable obstacle if we want to apply this form of philosophical discussion in a world like ours, where fundamental cultural differences play a significant role. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Further research on the applicability of Socratic ethics in the context of globalisation is required. Future considerations should focus on anthropological and, above all, pedagogical dimensions of Socrates’ philosophy.

PL

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem artykułu jest rozważenie możliwej aktualności projektu etyki Sokratejskiej w trwających dyskusjach na temat problemów i zagrożeń związanych z procesami globalizacyjnymi. PROBLEM i METODY BADAWCZE: Wykazanie współmierności myśli Sokratesa z wyzwaniami globalizacji, które w znacznej mierze wydają się wykraczać poza zakres tematyki poruszanej przez Ateńczyka, jest problematyczne. Kompleksowa metoda badawcza będzie zatem łączyć aspekt: historyczno-filozoficznej analizy zachowanych przekazów na temat życia Sokratesa i jego działalności oraz analizy kontekstowej, pokazującej historyczno-kulturowe tło myśli Ateńczyka. PROCES WYWODU: Przedstawiony zostanie zarys negatywnego aspektu Sokratejskiej metody dialektycznej, jak również historyczny oraz kulturowy kontekst filozofii mędrca. Aporetyczny i elenktyczny sens jego metody można uznać za trzecią drogę etyki, pozwalającą uniknąć dwóch skrajności stanowiących zagrożenie nie tylko dla czasów Grecji starożytnej, lecz również dla epoki współczesnej. Pierwsza to bezkrytyczna wiara w tradycję, prowadząca do absolutyzacji własnych wartości i uznania, że powinny być one narzucane innym, druga – relatywizm przeczący wszelkiemu możliwemu uniwersalizmowi w moralności. WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Krytyczny projekt filozofii Sokratesa miał stanowić remedium na problemy etyczne, które można uznać za niezależne od zmiennych warunków historycznych. Negatywny wymiar metody Sokratejskiej stanowi jednak znaczną przeszkodę dla możliwości aplikacji tego typu dyskusji filozoficznej w warunkach współczesnego świata, w którym fundamentalne różnice kulturowe odgrywają znaczącą rolę. WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Wymagane są dalsze badania nad aplikacyjnym potencjałem etyki Sokratesa w kontekście problemów globalizacji. Przewodnim tematem przyszłych analiz na ten temat powinien być antropologiczny, a przede wszystkim pedagogiczny sens filozofii Sokratesa.

3

The Unknown Socrates

51%

Rossetti L.

Peitho. Examina Antiqua

|

2010

|

vol. 1

|

issue 1

13-30

EN

The first part of the present paper argues against any attempts to find a set of fixed points of a doctrine that could be ascribed to Socrates. The main thesis of the article has it that Socrates was part of a cultural movement that was marked by a tendency to rather raise questions than merely provide answers and boast about having a number of doctrines or doxai of their own. The second part of the paper concentrates on a number of memorable innovations that eventually constituted Greek culture, e.g., the idea that it is possible and desirable to be in full control of oneself and, consequently, to shoulder responsibility for one’s deeds rather than merely avoid and deny it. Thus, Socrates and ancient Socratic literature are shown here to be a probable source of numerous ideas that the western civilization has built on for centuries, these being, for instance, the idea of the limits of our powers. Hence, the conclusion of the article is that it would be a serious mistake to exclude Socrates from this major cultural development, even though the thinker did produce neither a theory nor a body of theories.

PL

Mentre la prima rivista polacca di filosofia antica inizia le pubblicazioni, è per me unonore e una sfida riprendere, sulle sue pagine, il tema Socrate e fare ancora un tentativoper capire chi realmente egli fu. Quaranta anni di studi sull’argomento mi hanno, invero,fornito molteplici stimoli e strumenti per indagare e cercar di capire qualcosa intornoa un personaggio comunemente ritenuto sfuggente come pochi. In questo contributo,partendo dalle considerazioni proposte in un altro articolo recente1, provo a individuaredue facce del personaggio: da un lato il suo dialogare e il senso che questo suo dialogarepoté avere nell’orizzonte delle invenzioni letterarie del V secolo, dall’altro le potentiinnovazioni di cui Socrate sembra essere stato portatore nel campo dello stile di vita,dell’ottimismo etico e dell’impegno. Il titolo del mio scritto è provocatorio, ma quantomenoaderisce alla convinzione che la sua figura abbia bisogno di essere profondamenteripensata.

IT

The first part of the present paper argues against any attempts to find a set of fixed points of a doctrine that could be ascribed to Socrates. The main thesis of the article has it that Socrates was part of a cultural movement that was marked by a tendency to rather raise questions than merely provide answers and boast about having a number of doctrines or doxai of their own. The second part of the paper concentrates on a number of memorable innovations that eventually constituted Greek culture, e.g., the idea that it is possible and desirable to be in full control of oneself and, consequently, to shoulder responsibility for one’s deeds rather than merely avoid and deny it. Thus, Socrates and ancient Socratic literature are shown here to be a probable source of numerous ideas that the western civilization has built on for centuries, these being, for instance, the idea of the limits of our powers. Hence, the conclusion of the article is that it would be a serious mistake to exclude Socrates from this major cultural development, even though the thinker did produce neither a theory nor a body of theories.

Refine search results

2 Peitho. Examina Antiqua

1 Horyzonty Polityki

2 Rossetti L.

1 Śpiewak S.

1 2021

1 2011

1 2010

A Socrates That Does Not Listen. The Euthyphro Case

KIlka uwag o aktualności etyki Sokratejskiej w dobie procesów globalizacji

The Unknown Socrates