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Research in Language
|
2016
|
vol. 14
|
issue 4
351-375
EN
The paper, assuming the general framework of Chomsky’s (2013a, 2015b) current version of the Minimalist syntax, investigates the syntax of quotation in light of ellipsis. I show that certain unexpected effects arising for quotational ellipsis are problematic for the standard feature valuation system and, especially, for the theory of phases. I discuss some effects of two possible interpretations of such ellipsis, as well as a constraint following from deviant antecedents, to show that the standard view on the internal syntax of quotational expressions should be reconsidered. The paper offers a new view on feature valuation, as well as the connection between the Narrow Syntax and the C-I interface, defined in terms of recursive typing taking place at the interface.
EN
: The concept of silence is at the core of the Andreï Makine’s writing. Thus, the aim of this article is to underline its manifold manifestations in the FrancoRussian author’s literary creation. The first part of the article argues that biographical gaps are constitutive of his author image (Amossy, 2009), since he is the only member of the French Academy whose biography is still largely unknown, while the second and third parts focus on the narrative and stylistic usages of silence in his novels, as well as on Makine’s philosophy of creation, namely the “theory of the triple birth” (Osmonde, 2011), partially described in his texts.
Research in Language
|
2013
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vol. 11
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issue 3
251-276
EN
In this article, we discuss strategies for interaction in spoken discourse, focusing on ellipsis phenomena in English. The data comes from the VOICE corpus of English as a Lingua Franca, and we analyse education data in the form of seminar and workshop discussions, working group meetings, interviews and conversations. The functions ellipsis carries in the data are Intersubjectivity, where participants develop and maintain an understanding in discourse; Continuers, which are examples of back channel support; Correction, both self- and other-initiated; Repetition; and Comments, which are similar to Continuers but do not have a back channel support function. We see that the first of these, Intersubjectivity, is by far the most popular, followed by Repetitions and Comments. These results are explained as consequences of the nature of the texts themselves, as some are discussions of presentations and so can be expected to contain many Repetitions, for example. The speech event is also an important factor, as events with asymmetrical power relations like interviews do not contain so many Continuers. Our clear conclusion is that the use of ellipsis is a strong marker of interaction in spoken discourse.
Research in Language
|
2013
|
vol. 11
|
issue 3
251-276
EN
In this article, we discuss strategies for interaction in spoken discourse, focusing on ellipsis phenomena in English. The data comes from the VOICE corpus of English as a Lingua Franca, and we analyse education data in the form of seminar and workshop discussions, working group meetings, interviews and conversations. The functions ellipsis carries in the data are Intersubjectivity, where participants develop and maintain an understanding in discourse; Continuers, which are examples of back channel support; Correction, both self- and other-initiated; Repetition; and Comments, which are similar to Continuers but do not have a back channel support function. We see that the first of these, Intersubjectivity, is by far the most popular, followed by Repetitions and Comments. These results are explained as consequences of the nature of the texts themselves, as some are discussions of presentations and so can be expected to contain many Repetitions, for example. The speech event is also an important factor, as events with asymmetrical power relations like interviews do not contain so many Continuers. Our clear conclusion is that the use of ellipsis is a strong marker of interaction in spoken discourse.  
EN
Fashion, including the ready-to-wear business, is a major sector in the French economy, larger than the car or aerospace industries. Additionally, Paris remains one of the world’s fashion capitals. Yet, the study of the related terminology appears quite restricted in France. This field does not seem considered as a fully-fledged specialty, even though this terminology is part of the daily life of speakers. Apart from lexical borrowings – from English mainly – three recurrent phenomena may cause interlingual and intralingual difficulties, which could be perceived as terminological boundaries: ellipsis, which turns borrowings into pseudo-borrowings, terminology renewal, characterized by creations and disappearances of terms, and semantic shift, characterized by extensions, modifications, and restrictions. After a presentation of the French terminology of the women’s ready-to-wear business, this paper illustrates these phenomena (ellipsis, regular terminology renewal and semantic shift) and their impacts on interlingual and intralingual translation. This illustration is based on a diachronic corpus, covering the period from the 1950s until 2020, compiled from French mail order catalogs.
Research in Language
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2015
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vol. 13
|
issue 3
334-350
EN
In this article, we discuss ellipsis as an interactive strategy by analysing the author’s textchat corpus and the VOICE corpus of English as a Lingua Franca. It is found that there were fewer repetitions in the textchat data, and this is explained as a consequence of the textchat mode. Textchat contributions are preserved as long as the chat is active or has been saved, and therefore users can scroll through and review the discussion, compared to the more fleeting nature of oral conversation. As a result, repetition is less necessary. The frequency of other functions identified could be attributed to the topic of discourse. Discussions involve much ellipsis used to develop discourse, although some were self-presentations with repetition used to confirm details. Back-channel support and comments were often low because speakers instead used forms like yeah as supportive utterances.
7
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Césure et sublime

75%
EN
Having written The Joke, Kundera changed the modus vivendi of the novel’s narrator who, with time, became a separate protagonist. This is connected with the appearance of the ellipsis as the main plot device, which is not yet present in The Joke. This change in the way of narrating represents another and, perhaps, a deeper dividing line in Kundera’s writing than switching to another language (from Czech to French), the change of the setting (from Czechoslovakia to Western countries) and the change of the political system (from communist to ‘imagological’) as an instrument of oppression.
8
63%
PL
W artykule krytycznie omawiam główne stanowiska filozoficzne dotyczące domniemanych niezdaniowych aktów mowy, takich jak „Ładna sukienka”, „Pod stołem”, „Gdzie?” itp. Filozofów zajmujących się takimi wypowiedziami można podzielić na dwie grupy: tych, którzy (jak m.in. Stanley, Merchant i Devitt) uważają, że albo są one zakamuflowanymi wypowiedziami zdaniowymi, albo nie są pełnoprawnymi aktami mowy, oraz tych, którzy (jak m.in. Stainton i Corazza) uznają, że chociaż nie są to zdania ani w sensie syntaktycznym, ani w sensie semantycznym, to jednak można za ich pomocą dokonać aktu mowy. Opowiadam się za twierdzącą odpowiedzią na tytułowe pytanie i proponuję analizę takich aktów w ramach relatywizmu umiarkowanego Recanatiego. Dziękuję anonimowym recenzentom „Studiów Semiotycznych”, których krytyczne uwagi pozwoliły mi ulepszyć tekst.
EN
In this paper I critically examine the main philosophical standpoints concerning apparent subsentential speech acts, such as “Nice dress”, “Under the table”, “Where?”. The opponents of such speech acts (such as e.g. Stanley, Merchant and Devitt) argue that the utterances in question are either ellipses (i.e. sentential) or do not have determinate content and/or illocutionary force. The defenders of sub-sentential speech acts (such as e.g. Stainton and Corazza) argue that in the right circumstances a sub-sentential utterance may constitute a speech act even though it cannot be regarded as a case of ellipsis. I argue for the affirmative answer to the title question and claim that the best framework in which such acts should be analyzed is Recanati’s moderate relativism.
9
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Wielokropek

63%
EN
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10
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Milczenie wersologiczne

63%
EN
The article analyzes moments of silence in the free verse poem which are marked by the non-standard use of the dash (inconsistent with the rules of punctuation and grammar). The aim of the article is to show that the dash, and other punctuation marks, used in this way are equivalent to words, and function in a poetic text on the same rights as the word. Indeed, semantically and axiologically, they often constitute the supraverbal layer of the text. In the process, theories of free verse which in their assumptions do not recognize semantic punctuation as structurally equivalent to words are reexamined.
PL
Artykuł stanowi próbę przyjrzenia się momentom milczenia w wierszu wolnym sygnalizowanym poprzez niestandardowe zastosowanie myślnika (niezgodne z zasadami interpunkcji, niewynikające z wymogów gramatycznych). Celem tekstu jest wykazanie, że tak użyte znaki pozostają ekwiwalentne wobec wyrazów, funkcjonują w tekście poetyckim na tych samych prawach co słowo. Pod względem semantyczno-aksjologicznym sytuują się jednak w wielu przypadkach ponad tym, co wyrażone werbalnie. Próba opisu tego zjawiska wiąże się z rewizją dotychczasowej literatury poświęconej koncepcjom wiersza wolnego, które w swoich założeniach nie uwzględniały semantycznej interpunkcji traktowanej strukturalnie jako ekwiwalent słowa.
PL
Niezdaniowe akty mowy to przynajmniej pozornie niezdaniowe wypowiedzi, za których po­mocą mówiący dokonują pewnych aktów illokucyjnych: stwierdzają, pytają, proszą itp. Wśród teoretyków zajmujących się takimi wypowiedziami można wskazać zwolenników podejścia, któ­re głosi, że większość takich wypowiedzi to jednak — wbrew pozorom — wypowiedzi zdaniowe (elipsy), oraz zwolenników stanowiska, zgodnie z którym treść takich wypowiedzi musi być bez­pośrednio wzbogacona z kontekstu za pomocą procesów pragmatycznych niekontrolowanych semantycznie. W pierwszej części tej pracy przyglądam się bliżej stanowisku trak­tującemu wy­powiedzi niezdaniowe jako elipsy i zastanowiam się, czy można uznać, że kontekst poza­języ­kowy może wyznaczać sposób uzupełnienia wyrażenia do pełnego zdania w taki sposób, że pier­wotna wypowiedź niezdaniowa może być uznana za elipsę. Następnie przedstawiam stano­wisko, zgodnie z którym wypowiedzi niezdaniowe to udane akty illokucyjne niewymagające wzboga­cenia pragmatycznego. Argumentuję, że taki pogląd nie jest adekwatny, ponieważ na jego grun­cie wypowiedzi niezdaniowych nie można uznać za pełnoprawne akty mowy. W dalszej części pracy proponuję wersję stanowiska pragmatycznego, opartą na relatywizmie umiarko­wanym Fran­çois Recanatiego. Proponowana przeze mnie koncepcja pozwala uznać, że mimo iż wypo­wie­dzi niezdaniowe semantycznie nie wyrażają sądów i nie mają wartości logicznej, to po od­po­wiednim wzbogaceniu z kontekstu pozajęzykowego mają na tyle określoną treść (i moc), że mogą być uznane za udane akty illokucyjne. Koncepcja ta pozwala również odpowiedzieć na zarzut ze zgodności gramatycznej, który jest jednym z najpoważniejszych zarzutów, z jakimi muszą się zmierzyć wszystkie koncepcje pragmatyczne.
EN
In this paper, I analyse the standpoint according to which alleged subsentential speech acts are in fact ellipses. I argue that extralinguistic context usually does not determine unique lingui­stic expression which could be regarded as the elided fragment. Next, I critically examine the view which regards subsentential utterances as unenriched situated illocutions and claim that it is not adequate, since it does not satisfactorily explain why such acts are successful. Finally, I pro­pose a pragmatics-oriented view based on Recanati’s moderate relativism. Contrary to Recanati, I po­stu­late unarticulated constituents in the content of subsentential utterances. I argue that this view can disarm the objection from case-matching which is one of the most powerful objections against all pragmatics-oriented views.
EN
Between a castling move and non-existence: Milan Kundera’s self-quarreling death The article is initiated by an introductory assumption regarding the funeral structure of writing which, in the process of its self-constitution, always has to face the absence of its content being a subject of thematization. Maintaining the aforementioned assumption and referring to certain philosophical contexts (Heidegger, Lévinas, Derrida), the author tends to concentrate subsequently on Agnes, the elliptical character of Immortality, since she is perceived as an embodiment of being realized between a strategy of a castling move and a desire of non-existence. In order to accomplish this desire, Agnes conducts a peculiar game of subtraction, consisting in the gradual erasing of the traces of her own existence. The final event of splitting up with the world means, therefore, a definitive gesture of withdrawing from mankind with which Agnes cannot neither reconcile nor identify.
CS
Mezi rošádou a nebytim: Kunderovo hádání se smrti Vstupním předpolkadem tohoto článku je existence funerální struktury pisma, které vzniká vždy za nepřítomnosti obsahu, jenž je předmětem tematizace. Pokud to příjmeme jako fakt a budeme na tento předpoklad aplikovat tanatické filozofické kontexty (Heidegger, Lévinas, Derrida), budeme se moci plně soustředit na eliptické hrdince Nesmrtelnosti, protože ztělesňuje existenci rozprostírajicí se mezi strategií šachové rošády a touhou po nebytí. Na cestě spějíci k realizaci této touhy Ahnes propadá hře spočívajicí v postupném zatracování vlastní existence. Závěrečné rozloučení Agnes se světem symbolizuje její konečné odmítnutí lidstva, se kterým se nedokáže vyrovnat nebo identifikovat. Směřováni hrdinky k nebyti je tedy literárním konstruktem, prostřednictvím kterého Kundera kriticky nahlíži na lidský druh a vynikajicim způsobem reviduje konvenčni pohledy na vlastnosti, které jsou lidem píipisovány.
14
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Dvě zajímavé marginálie

51%
Bohemistyka
|
2019
|
issue 1
121-124
EN
In colloquial Czech we see few cases of not repeating the preposition in utterances such as Nemám nic proti němu ani ní. They are also situations when j – n alternation in personal pronouns occurs. We cannot recommend using such phrases. Verbal adjectives are formed from the past participle or the passive participle. In some cases, when deverbatives can be formed from both participles, they are synonymous in meaning (ochrnutý, ochrnulý člověk). In other cases, the meaning differs (uznaný gól x uznalý nadřízený). We are not aware of reliable rules for non-native speakers of Czech which would describe their derivation and meanings. A foreigner has to learn each lexeme individually.
CS
V kolokviální češtině se setkáváme s nepříliš početnými případy neopakování předložky ve výpovědích typu Nemám nic proti němu ani ní. I v takových situacích u osobních zájmen dochází ke konsonantické alternaci j – n. Užívání takových spojení nedoporučujeme. Přídavná jména slovesná se tvoří od příčestí minulého nebo trpného. V některých případech, kdy je tvoření možné od obou příčestí, jsou deverbativa po významové stránce synonymní (ochrnutý, ochrnulý člověk), jindy jsou významově odlišena (uznaný gól x uznalý nadřízený). Spolehlivá pravidla vystihující jejich derivaci a významy nejsou pro potřeby jinojazyčných mluvčích formulována. Cizinec se musí řídit územ a jednotlivé lexémy se naučit.
EN
In the paper grammatical and semantic features of the metapredicative operator in the shape of tuż ‘just’ are discussed in the detail. The word under consideration opens one syntactic position on its right side. The aim of the paper is to present syntactic and lexical-semantic restrictions concerning this position. The author justifies the hypothesis that metapredicative operator tuż implies a prepositional phrase which has spatial or temporal meaning.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia charakterystykę właściwości gramatycznych i semantyczno-leksykalnych operatora metapredykatywnego tuż. Głównym celem artykułu jest ustalenie ograniczeń składniowych i leksykalno-semantycznych dotyczących prawostronnej pozycji syntaktycznej otwieranej przez operator tuż. W artykule uzasadnia się hipotezę, że tuż implikuje frazę przyimkową mającą znaczenie przestrzenne lub temporalne.
EN
The paper covers the process of elision in fast speech of young Łódź inhabitants. In the first part of the paper characterized are basic terms used in the paper, general attitude of standardized Polish towards elision, as well as, in a concise way, all the categories of phonetic ellipsis. In the analytical part one can find statistical data received from the research, which are then confronted with those received by other researchers. All the processes described are also visualized by the use of oscillograms and spectrograms, as well as compared to the rules of standard Polish.
PL
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