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1

“The struggle of pamphlets” (1791) . Ukrainian diplomats in London at the end of the XVIIIth century

100%

Zakharova O.

Reality of Politics

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2020

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issue 13

71-82

EN

Throughout the XVIIIth century, Anglo-Russian relations were very contentious. The Ochakov crisis of 1791 risked escalating into direct military action between Russia and England. Ambassador Count S.R. Vorontsov managed to garner the support of members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons of the English Parliament, come in contact with the Prime Minister, members of his cabinet and opposition leaders. The above mentioned allowed him to handle the possibilities of the press, publishing houses and the opposition during the Ochakov crisis of 1791 as well as influenced a public opinion in Britain. In large part, because of the active actions of S.R. Vorontsov and his office staff, it was possible to avoid an armed conflict between Russia and England. One of the closest employees of Semyon Romanovich was the son of a Ukrainian priest Yakov Ivanovich Smirnov, who was considered by many contemporaries as one of the outstanding employees of the office of the Russian Embassy. Ya. I. Smirnov was knighted of the Order of St. John under Paul I, and then the Emperor’s stunning decision took place – the priest was appointed charge d’affaires of Russia in London. V.F. Malinovskiy, the future first director of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, served in Vorontsov’s office. After leaving London, he worked as a secretary at the negotiations in Iași in 1792. As well as V.F. Malinovskiy, V.P. Kochubey hailed from Ukraine. The nephew of Count A.A. Bezborodko was in London from the early spring of 1789 until January of 1791. In 1793, Vorontsov gave V.P. Kochubey, who was diligently engaged in his education, a brilliant character reference. Over the course of his service, Count S.R. Vorontsov regularly defended the interests of the employees of his office; he knew how to gather individuals for his inner circle and work. In the XIXth century, there was a concept of “official of the Vorontsov school”. S.R. Vorontsov and members of his office used the methods of modern public diplomacy, which implies means used by governments, private groups and particular persons to change the views of other people and governments in order to influence their external political decisions. Public diplomacy is a tool for creating the image of the state. Appealing to public opinion, publication of government documents, use of the mass media and issuance of brochure for manifesting one’s position are methods which play a crucial role in modern public diplomacy, which originated due to Ukrainian diplomats as well.

2

British diplomacy in Bulgaria: 1989 to the present

72%

Metodiev K.

Przegląd Geopolityczny

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2016

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vol. 15

153-164

EN

The article surveys the British diplomatic goals, activities and efforts in Bulgaria after the beginning of democratic changes. It argues that the British embassy in Sofia seemed to focus not only on the country itself but to be more or less an instrument to a large degree in light of the British interests in the Balkan region (Yugoslavian wars and later Western Balkans) and wider geopolitical field (East Europe, Black sea region, Turkey). The mission was mainly interested about the cooperation with Bulgarian in the framework of NATO and EU, the Russian sphere of influence in Bulgaria, energetics, human rights issues, corruption and organized crime, and regional developments on the Balkans.

3

Україна та арабські держави Леванту (Сирія, Ліван, Йорданія): передумови та обставини встановлення дипломатичних відносин

72%

Gergel Y.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

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2016

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issue 25

XX

The article sheds the light on preconditions and circumstances of the establishment of diplomatic relations and the exchange of diplomatic missions between Ukraine and the Arab states of the Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Jordan). Characterizing the efforts of the young independent Ukrainian state, aimed at building relations with these countries, the author discovers both objective and subjective reasons of protracted establishment of the Levant state's diplomatic presence in Ukraine. At the same time, using a wide range of first published sources from Ukraine embassies in these countries, the author shows difficult conditions of the Ukrainian diplomats work, describes the process of opening diplomatic missions, defines the failures of Ukrainian diplomacy and the Levant leaders' official position toward Ukraine at that time. Despite a large number of publications on the Ukrainian Middle East policy and its perspectives, this article for the first time shows the history of formation of bilateral relations between Ukraine and the Levant states from the very beginning - the declaration of the Ukrainian independence.

4

L’arredamento dell’Ambasciata d’Italia a Varsavia. Nuove acquisizioni documentarie

58%

D'Agostino A.

Biuletyn Historii Sztuki

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2023

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vol. 85

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issue 1

117-144

EN

The present essay, aimed at reconstructing the history of the works of art which furnish the Italian Embassy in Warsaw, originates from the study of archival documents from the STRP Fund (formerly the Technical Service of Patrimonial Reconnaissance) kept at the General Directorate of Archaeology Fine Arts and Landscape of the Ministry of Culture (MIC). The fund consists of the documentation, mostly unpublished, produced by the Technical Service, which was created in 1993 as a Commission, conceived by Minister Alberto Ronchey, with the aim of taking a census of cultural assets granted in external storage by state museums to entities in Italy and abroad, which in 1995 had been transformed into a Service reporting directly to the General Secretariat of the Ministry itself but was suspended in 2003. The last patrimonial reconnaissance was carried out at the Italian Embassy in Warsaw twenty-one years ago and since then no more checks have been done. Therefore, in addition to analyzing the history of the works of art chosen to furnish the Embassy since 1922, the essay updates the data and gives new interpretations on the events that, both before and after the 2nd World War, led to its furnishing; moreover, it is meant to be a food for thought regarding the protection of Italian artistic heritage which since the first decades of the last century until the present has been in external storage without due control.

IT

Il presente lavoro, volto a ricostruire la storia dell’arredamento dell’Ambasciata d’Italia a Varsavia, ha origine dallo studio dei documenti d’archivio del Fondo STRP (ex Servizio Tecnico di Ricognizione Patrimoniale) conservato presso la Direzione Generale Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio del Ministero della Cultura (MIC). Il fondo è costituito dalla documentazione – perlopiù inedita – prodotta dal Servizio Tecnico, nato nel 1993 come Commissione, voluta dal Ministro Alberto Ronchey, con l’obiettivo di censire i beni culturali concessi in deposito esterno dai musei del demanio ad enti in Italia e all’estero. Nel 1995 la Commissione fu trasformata in Servizio alle dirette dipendenze del Segretariato Generale del Ministero stesso ma nel 2003 venne sospeso. Ben ventuno anni fa fu effettuata l’ultima ricognizione patrimoniale presso l’Ambasciata d’Italia a Varsavia e da allora più nessun controllo è stato fatto. Pertanto, questo lavoro, oltre ad analizzare la storia delle opere d’arte scelte per arredare l’Ambasciata fin dal 1922, ne aggiorna i dati e dà nuove interpretazioni sulle vicende che, sia prima che dopo la Seconda Guerra Mondiale, portarono al suo arredamento; inoltre, vuole essere uno spunto di riflessione sulla tutela di quel patrimonio artistico italiano che ancora oggi, fin dai primi decenni del secolo scorso, si trova in deposito esterno senza i dovuti controlli.

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1 Biuletyn Historii Sztuki

1 Przegląd Geopolityczny

1 Reality of Politics

1 Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

1 D'Agostino A.

1 Gergel Y.

1 Metodiev K.

1 Zakharova O.

1 2023

1 2020

2 2016

“The struggle of pamphlets” (1791) . Ukrainian diplomats in London at the end of the XVIIIth century

British diplomacy in Bulgaria: 1989 to the present

Україна та арабські держави Леванту (Сирія, Ліван, Йорданія): передумови та обставини встановлення дипломатичних відносин

L’arredamento dell’Ambasciata d’Italia a Varsavia. Nuove acquisizioni documentarie