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1

Influence of pressure changes during embryo transfer on blastocyst viability.

100%
Mrugacz G., Grygoruk C., Gajda B., Grad I., Grusza M., Sieczynski P.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2013
|
vol. 3
|
issue 1
null-89
EN
Purpose: The embryo transfer into the uterus by a transcervical catheter is the final stage of in-vitro fertilization procedure. So far, a little attention has been placed on the impact of embryo transfer procedure on embryo viability. The study was design to measure the morphological changes and apoptosis rate in embryos exposed to embryo transfer in in-vitro conditions. Methods: Morphologically normal rabbit blastocysts were divided randomly into control (48) and experimental (48) groups. The experimental group blastocysts were exposed to embryo transfer in in-vitro conditions. Morphological changes in response to embryo transfer were assessed 5 and 60 minutes after ET. The apoptosis rate was measured one hour after embryo transfer. Results: Morphological changes in response to embryo transfer were more prevalent in the experimental group; 14 shrunken and one collapsed blastocysts in experimental group and only two shrunken blastocysts in the control group. The mean DNA fragmented nucleus index in the experimental group was 37.7 % and was significantly higher than in the control group, 8.1 %. Conclusions: Embryo transfer can trigger both morphological and apoptotic changes in rabbit blastocysts. The local pressure fluctuations during embryo transfer could be a major factor responsible for the above-mentioned changes.
2

Influence of cervical canal shape on embryo transfer feasibility

100%
Mrugacz G., Grygoruk C., Grusza M., Pietrzycki B., Ratomski K., Pietrewicz P.
Progress in Health Sciences
|
2013
|
vol. 3
|
issue 1
78-82
EN
Purpose: To investigate the impact of cervical canal shape on embryo transfers feasibility. Materials and methods: A retrospective study on the influence of the cervical canal shape on ET complications was conducted among one thousand patients undergoing embryo transfers in the period between 01.2011- 08.2012. The patients, based on ultrasound appearance of the cervical canal, were allocated into one of the following groups: group “I” with straight cervical canal, group “J” with cervical canal bended one time, group “C” with cervical canal bended two times in the same direction and group “Z” with cervical canal bended two times in the opposite direction. Results: Out of the one thousand cases studied, the most prevalent cervical canal shapes were type I (440 cases) and type J (321 cases), 19% (185) of the women had a type C cervix and 5% (54) a type Z cervix. The highest rate of uncomplicated embryo transfers was noted in single bended cervical canals, 85%. Double bended cervical canals were characterized by a high rate of complications during embryo transfer reaching 80%. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that the shape of cervical canal has a great influence on embryo transfer feasibility. Special attention should be given to patients with double bended cervical canal, where the rate of complication is highest.
3

Computational simulation of pressure changes during embryo transfer

88%
Mrugacz G., Grygoruk C., Kolodziejczyk M., Gagan J., Ratomski K., Grusza M.
Progress in Health Sciences
|
2013
|
vol. 3
|
issue 2
21-25
EN
Purpose: The embryo transfer into the uterus by a transcervical catheter is the final stage of in-vitro fertilization procedure. This study was designed to analyze the influence of injection speed on pressure fluctuation inside the transferred fluid. Methods: Computational fluid dynamics was applied to calculate pressure changes in the transferred load for the following injection speeds: 0.01, 0.1, 1, 6, 12 and 20 m/s. A 3D geometrical model of the flow domain was created in ANSYS Modeler. The computations were carried out using the CFD code Parallel ANSYS Fluent 12.1 with the segregated solver SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations). The model was solved in double precision on a control volume unstructured 3D mesh made in ANSYS Mesher. Results: The results of the present study indicate that the total, static and dynamic pressures rise with increase of the injection speed of the transferred load. Conclusions: Taking these results into consideration, it is advised to transfer the embryos with minimal injection speed because the magnitude of the pressure changes rises with the injection speed of the transferred load.
4

Shear stress during embryo transfer.

88%
C, Grygoruk, Mrugacz G., Kolodziejczyk M., Gagan J., Ratomski K., Grusza M.
Progress in Health Sciences
|
2013
|
vol. 3
|
issue 2
7-10
EN
Purpose: This study was designed to analyze the influence of injection speed on the shear stress acting on the embryo during the ejection phase of embryo transfer. Methods: Computational fluid dynamics was applied to calculate shaer stress for the following injection speeds: 0.01, 0.1, 1, 6, 12 and 20 m/s. A 3D geometrical model of the flow domain was created in ANSYS Modeler. The computations were carried out using the CFD code Parallel ANSYS Fluent 12.1 with the segregated solver SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations). The model was solved in double precision on a control volume unstructured 3D mesh made in ANSYS Mesher. Results: The results of the present study indicate that shear stress increases with the rise of the injection speed. Furthermore, shear stress is lower when the embryo is positioned in the midstream of the catheter instead of in proximity to the catheter’s wall. Conclusions: Taking these results into consideration, it is advised to transfer embryos with minimal injection speed because the strength of shear stress increases with the injection speed of the transferred load.
5

Fluid velocity during embryo transfer

88%
Mrugacz G., Grygoruk C., Kolodziejczyk M., Gagan J., Ratomski K., Grusza M.
Progress in Health Sciences
|
2013
|
vol. 3
|
issue 2
17-20
EN
Purpose: The embryo transfer into the uterus by a transcervical catheter is the final stage of in-vitro fertilization procedure. So far, a little attention has been placed on the impact of embryo transfer procedure on embryo viability. This study was designed to analyze fluid velocity changes in the transferred load during the injection phase of embryo transfer. Materials and methods: Computational fluid dynamics was applied to calculate fluid velocity changes in the transferred load for the following injection speeds: 0.01, 0.1, 1, 6, 12 and 20 m/s. A 3D geometrical model of the flow domain was created in ANSYS Modeler. The computations were carried out using the CFD code Parallel ANSYS Fluent 12.1 with the segregated solver SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations). The model was solved in double precision on a control volume unstructured 3D mesh made in ANSYS Mesher. Results: The transferred fluid velocity was highest in the center of the catheter lumen and lowest at the proximity of the catheter’s wall. The narrowing of catheter lumen diameter by 20% amplified the transferred fluid velocity by 78%. The abrupt increase in fluid velocity, caused by narrowing of the catheter tip was followed by the abrupt drop of fluid velocity outside the catheter. Conclusions: Taking these results into consideration, it is advised to eliminate any narrowing of the catheter lumen in order to assure more favorable conditions for the transferred embryos.
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